of the Bank of Mutual Redemption. He said to him, "The Gov ernor will want money. Can the bank offer a temporary loan of fifty thousand dollars to help off the troops?"

The patriotic reply was, "It can and shall."

The two regiments required by the War Department were to have more men and companies than the Massachusetts regiments then numbered. The State authorities were, therefore, under the necessity of making up the full quota by additions from other regiments. By this course, some discussion was raised, and dissatisfaction expressed, respecting regimental uniforms, which called forth from Gov. Andrew the emphatic expression, "It isn't uniforms, it is men, we want."

The advocates of the national blue ultimately prevailed in their sensible and practical view of the appropriate dress of our brave volunteers, and this style of uniform was chosen. The mind does not revert with pleasure to the uncouth garb in which some of the first troops went to the field. The army blue" will, we hope, always distinguish the American soldier.

We think the first and perhaps the only juvenile offer of military service is contained in the following spicy letter, which is here given, simply to illustrate how thoroughly the whole community was fired with the ardor of true patriotism:

NEWBURYPORT, April 19, 1861.

Gov. Andrew. Dear Sir, - I am fifteen years old, five feet six inches high, weigh a hundred and forty-five pounds; and they won't let me enlist, because they say that I am not old enough. I think that I am old enough to whip a secessionist; at any rate, I should like to try: but I don't see as there is any chance for me as yet; so I shall have to keep cool, and let my hair grow, I suppose. I wish your Excellency would send an order to E. F. Stone to let me enlist. Please send an answer quickly, and oblige

On that same momentous day which stirred to its depths the heart of the State capital, Gen. B. F. Butler sent a letter to the Governor, containing the offer of his services to the country.

The City Government ordered the national flag to be raised on Faneuil Hall, and to be kept floating there till further orders. Its folds were soon heavily waving in the chill wind of that stormy day. Before the dark night shrouded it from the moistened eyes of those who gazed upon it with quickened devotion to its glo

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rious stars, R. B. Forbes, Esq., a distinguished citizen and merchant-prince, proposed to the Governor to raise a coast-guard, the members of which were to be drilled in navy-tactics, and furnished with arms, a steamer, and other equipments for service. The proposition was referred by the Governor to the Navy De partment.

14

CHAPTER II.

THE THREE-MONTHS' REGIMENTS.

Officers of the

The Adjutant-General and his Office. - The Men summoned to the Field. The Midnight
Messengers. The Response of the Volunteers. - The Gathering of Troops in Boston.
- Reception. Scenes attending their Departure for Washington.
Regiments. The March of the Sixth, the Eighth, the Fifth. Third Battalion of
Rifles. Cook's Battery.

10

To give the early action of the State when just awakening

to the tremendous struggle before us, we must take a distinct and separate view of the three-months' regiments.

The Adjutant-General's department at the capitol of the Commonwealth had suddenly become the busy centre of military operations on an hourly expanding scale; and a brief sketch of an officer so intimately connected with the army movements of the State will possess interest, especially to the many brought in official relations directly in communication with him.

William Schouler was born in the county of Renfrew, Scotland, in 1814. The next year he went to New York with his father, who came to this country as a pioneer in the business of calico printing.

After a brief residence on Staten Island, Mr. Schouler removed to Massachusetts, and lived between the years 1829 and 1832 in Taunton, Lynn, and West Cambridge. William learned his father's trade. He was early a reader and a politician. An "original Whig," he gave himself ardently to the campaign of 1840. The year following, he was proprietor and editor of the "Lowell Courier," and, in 1847, became connected with the "Boston Atlas." In 1853, he was co-editor of the "Cincinnati Gazette," and, three years later, edited the "Ohio State Journal," at Columbus, Ohio. He was appointed by the Governor Adjutant-General of the State, but resigned in 1858, and returned to Massachusetts to take the editorial charge of the "Boston Atlas and Bee." Four times he represented the city in the Legislature, was elected Clerk of the House, and was a member of the

ADJUTANT-GEN. SCHOULER.

107

Constitutional Convention. He was also chosen major, and then colonel, of the First Massachusetts Artillery Regiment.

Daniel Webster was a warm personal friend until his "7th-ofMarch speech," when Mr. Schouler's opposition to it cooled their mutual regard.

In 1860, Gov. Banks appointed Col. Schouler Adjutant-General of the State. A more loyal, devoted, and efficient man for the post, soon to be one of extraordinary responsibility, could not have been selected. He found an efficient helper in the lamented Col. William H. Brown.* Some of the work done in a single year will indicate the amount of business transacted in this office. Twentyseven hundred commissions were issued, with sixty-three General and 1,323 Special Orders, covering 867 manuscript pages; six thousand letters were written, which would make 4,700 pages of manuscript; ten thousand certificates of State aid were issued; an alphabetical index of soldiers' names was in progress'; with reports, and a great variety of miscellaneous business. Those who have known nothing of this noiseless, gigantic work, have failed to appreciate official fidelity, without which the forces of the State would have been crippled in many ways.

The Surgeon-General, the Quartermaster-General, and the Paymaster-General, labored with the same untiring activity to carry forward the military operations.

Chaplain Quint, unsurpassed in ability and efficiency, said of Col. Schouler and another officer of the Governor's staff, "If one has not examined the reports of the Adjutant-General, he ought to, to see the vast amount of business, the clear method, and the admirable results of the work of that office. It is a marvel; and I know a little about what tables of figures, and records of facts, mean. If one will look at the Surgeon-General's report, and remember the men who have been surgeons, he will imagine what I know, that, in medical skill, no men surpassed, and few equalled, the Massachusetts surgeons. Alas that some whom I knew and revered had to give their lives to their country!"

Adjutant-Gen. Schouler, like Senator Wilson, rose from humble life among the people by untiring industry; that devotion to his duties, which, with fine practical talent and executive ability, secured the confidence of his fellow-citizens. One of his sons, who graduated at Cambridge in 1859, enlisted in 1862 in the Forty-third Regiment, was appointed lieutenant, and completed his term of service. Another son is midshipman in the See notice of, ainong sketches of the heroic dead.

navy. Col. Schouler's name is forever associated with Massachusetts in the Rebellion.

Before the excitement over the arrival of the first volunteers had died away, a second despatch from Senator Wilson was sent over the wires, calling upon Massachusetts, in the name of the Government, for four regiments to form a brigade. Gen. Butler telegraphed Senator Wilson to remind Mr. Cameron that the brigade called for by the Government needed a brigadier. The result was the selection of himself for the high honor of the first appointment of the kind from the loyal States. He was commissioned Brigadier-General, Third Brigade, Second Division, Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, and was ordered to take command of the troops.

Meanwhile the electric wires, mails, and living messengers, had been conveying the orders to the scattered officers to hasten with their several commands to the capital.

The sun was near the horizon on the 16th, when Capt. Pratt of Worcester received his order to join the Sixth Regiment with all possible promptitude. The next day's morning light shone on the glittering weapons and eager faces of the marching troops.

It was nine o'clock, P.M., on the 16th, before the Governor had decided to add to the same regiment the companies of Capts. Sampson and Dike. The courier left that night for Stoneham, eight miles from Boston. At two o'clock in the morning, he knocked at the door of Capt. Dike, and soon after placed in his hands the summons to the field. He read them, and with cheerful decision said, "Tell the Adjutant-General that I shall be at the State House with my full company by eleven o'clock to-day." He marched his men through the streets of Boston at the promised hour. At half-past nine o'clock, A.M., he reported at the Adjutant-General's office in Boston in these words:

Sir, I received the orders of the Commander-in-Chief at two o'clock this morning to have my company ordered into active service, fully equipped for the defence of Washington. I now report that I have my company here, uniformed and fully equipped, consisting of sixty-four privates, eight noncommissioned officers, and four lieutenants, all that the law permits. I could have had more. I now await further orders.

With no less enthusiasm did the captains of other companies welcome the orders to leave their vocations and homes for the perils of war.

The subjoined order was issued from the office of the Adjutant