SECTION II.

1. The Prefident" fhall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the feveral States, when called into the actual fervice of the United States. He may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal Officers in each of the executive Departments, upon any fubject relating to the duties of their refpective offices; and he fhall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offences againit the United States, except in cafes of impeachment.

II. He fhall have power, by and with the advice and confent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators prefent concur; and he shall nominate, and, by and with the advice and confent of the senate, fhall appoint Ambaffadors, other public Minifters and Confuls, Judges of the Supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States whofe appointments are not herein otherwife provided for, and which shall be established by law. But the Congress may, by law, veit the appointment of fuch inferior officers, as they may think proper, in the Prefident alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments.

III. The Prefident fhall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recefs of Senate, by granting commiffions, which fhall expire at the end of their next feffion.

SECTION III.

He fhall, from time to time, give to the Congress information of the flate of the Union, and recommend to their confideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient. He may, on extraordinary occafions, convene both Houles, or either of them; and, in cafe of difagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to fuch time as he fhall think proper. He fhall receive Ambaffadors and other public Miniflers. He fhall take care that the laws be faithfully executed; and fhall commiffion all the Officers of the United States.

SECTION IV.

The Prefident, Vice-Prefident, and all Civil Officers of the United States, fhall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treaíon, bribery, or other high crimes and mifdemeanors.

ARTICLE III.-SECTION I.

The Judicial Power of the United States fhall be vefted in one Supreme Court, and in fuch inferior Courts, as the Congrefs may, from time to time, ordain and establish. The Jud

ges, both of the Supreme and inferior Courts, fhall hold their offices during good behaviour; and fhall, at ftated times, receive for their fervices, a compenfation, which fhall not be diminished during their continuance in office.

The

SECTIONII.

I. The Judicial Power fhall extend to all cafes, in Law and Equity, arifing under this Conftitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority; to all cafes affecting Ambaffadors, or other public Minifters and Confuls; to all cafes of Admiralty and maritime Jurifdiction; to controverfies to which the Uuited States fhall be a party, to controverfies between two or more States, between a State and Citizens of another State, between Citizens of different States, between Citizens of the fame State claiming lands under grants of different States, and between a State, the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens, or Subjects.

II. In all cafes affecting Ambaffadors, other public Ministers, and Confuls, and thofe in which a State fhall be a party, the Supreme Court fhall have original jurifdiction. In all the other cafes before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurifdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions, and under fuch regulations, as the Congress shall make.

III. The trial of all crimes, except in cafes of impeachment, hall be by jury; and fuch trial shall be held in the State where the faid crimes fhall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the trial fhall be at fuch place or places as the Congrefs may by law have directed.

SECTION III.

I Treafon against the United States fhall confift only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No perfon fhall be convicted of treason, unless on the teftimony of two witneffes to the fame overt act, or on confeffion in open Court.

II. The Congress fhall have power to declare the punishment of treafon; but no attainder of treafon fhall work corruption of Mood, or forfeiture, except during the life of the perfon attainted.

ARTICLE IV.-SECTION I.

Full faith and credit fhall be given, in each State, to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other State. And the Congrefs may, by penal laws, prefcribe the manner in which fuch acts, records, and proceedings fhall be proved, and the effect thereof.

SECTION II.

I. The Citizens of each State fhall be entitled to all the pri vileges and immunities of Citizens in the feveral States.

II. A perfon charged in any State with treafon, felony, or other crime, who fhall flee from juftice, and be found in ano. ther State, fhall, on demand of the Executive Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime.

No

III. No perfon, held to fervice or labour in one State under the laws thereof, efcaping into another, fhall, in confequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from fuch fervice or labour; but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labour may be due.

SECTION III.

I. New States may be admitted by Congrefs into this Union; but no new State fhall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts of States, without the confent of the Legislatures of the States concerned, as well as of the Congress.

II. The Congrefs fhall have power to difpofe of, and make all needful rules and regulations refpecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Conftitution fhall be fo conftrued, as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any particular State.

SECTION IV.

The United States fhall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government; and fhall protect each of them against invasion, and, on application of the Legiflature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domeftic violence.

ARTICLE V.

The Congrefs, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it neceffary, fhall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or on the application of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the feveral States, fhall call a Convention for propofing Amendments, which, in either cafe, fhall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this Conftitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the feveral States, or by Conventions in threefourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be propofed by the Congress: Provided, that no Amendment, which may be made prior to the year 1808, fhall in any manner affect the ift and 4th clauses in the 9th Section of the first Article; and that no State, without its confent, fhall be deprived of its equal fuffrage in the Senate.

ARTICLE VI.

1. All debts contracted, and engagements entered into, before the adoption of this Conftitution, fhall be as valid against the United States, under this Conftitution, as under the Confederation.

II. This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the UnitedStates, fhall be the fupreme law of the land, and the Judges, in every State, fhall be bound thereby, any thing in the conftitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding.

III. The Senators and Representatives before-mentioned, and the Members of the feveral State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the fe veral States, fhall be bound, by oath or affirmation, to fupport this Conftitution; but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or, public truft under the United States.

ARTICLE VII.

The ratification of the Conventions of nine States fhall be fufficient for the establishment of this Conftitution between the States fo ratifying the fame.

Done in Convention, by the unanimous confent of the States prefent, the 17th day of September, in the year of our Lord 1787, and of the Independence of the United States of America the 12th. In witnefs whereof, we have hereunto fubfcribed our names.

GEO. WASHINGTON, Prefident, and Delegate from Virginia.

Tho. Mifflin,
Robert Morris,

George Clymer,
Tho. Fitzfimons,
Jared Ingerfoll,
James Wilson,
Gouv. Morris.
Delaware.
George Read,
Gun. Bedford, jun.
John Dickinson,
Rich. Baffet,

Jacob Broom.

Maryland.

James M'Henry,
Daniel Carrol,

Danieljof St. Thomas
Jenifer.

WM. JACKSON, Sec.

AMENDMENTS.

The following ARTICLES, in Addition to, and Amendment of, the Consitution of the UNITED STATES, having been ratified by the Legislatures of nine States, are equally obligatory with the Constitution itself.

ICONGRESS. fhall make no law respecting an establishment of Religion, or prohibiting the free exercife thereof, or abridging the freedom of Speech, or of the Prefs; or the right of the People peaceably to affemble, and to petition the Government for a redrefs of grievances.

II. A well regulated Militia being neceffary for the fecurity of a free State, the right of the People to keep and bear arms fhall not be infringed.

III. No foldier fhall, in time of peace, be quartered in any houfe without the confent of the owner; nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prefcribed by law.

IV. The right of the People to be fecure in their perfons, houfes, papers, and effects against unreasonable fearches and feizures, fhall not be violated; and no warrants fhall iffue, but upon probable caufe, fupported by oath or affirmation, and particularly defcribing the place to be fearched, and the perfons or things to be feized.

V. No perfon fhall be held to answer for a capital or otherwife infamous crime, unless on a prefentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cafes arifing in the land or naval Forces, or in the Militia when in actual fervice, in time of war, or pub. lic danger; nor shall any perfon be subject, for the fame offence, to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor fhall be compelled, in any criminal cafe, to be witness against himself; nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due procefs of law; nor fhall private property be taken for public use, without just compenfation.

VI. In all criminal profecutions, the accufed fhall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and District wherein the crime fhall have been committed, (which district fhall have been previously afcertained by law), and to be informed of the nature and caufe of the accufation; to be confronted with the witneffes against him; to have compulfory procefs for obtaining witneffes in his favour; and to have the affiftance of counfel for his defence.

In