both as spoken and written, and name the rules in articulation that are illustrated by the exercises.

1. It must be sō.

2. Thů bōld båd baiz brōk bōlts ånd bärz.

3. Thŭ rōgz rusht round thů růf red rõks. 4. Hi on ǎ hil Hū hẽrd harsěz harni hofs. 5. Shor al her päthz är päthz Ŏv pēs. 6. Bä! that'z not siks dŏllärz, but ā dŏllär. 7. Chärj the old măn tọ chọz ă chạšs chẽz. 8. Līt sēking lit, hath lit ov līt bēgild. 9. Both'z yoths with troths yuz wikěd ōthz. 10. Arm it with răgz, ǎ pigmĭ stra wil pērs it. 11. Nou set thŭ tẽth ănd strěch thŭ nostril wīd. 12. He wŏcht ǎnd wěpt, he felt ănd prad far all. 13. Hiz iz ămidst thủ mists, mězherd ăn ăzhēr ski. 14. Thŭ whālz wheld and whẽrld, and bârd thâr brad, broun băks.

15. Jilz ǎnd Jasn Jōnz kăn not sã,-Arōrå, ǎlás, ămas, mănnå, villå, nar, Lūnȧ.

16. Thu strif sẽsěth, pes ăpprochěth, and thủ gụd măn rējạisěth.

17. Thủ shrod shroz băd him sẽ thặt thủ vil viksnz yüzd shrugz, ǎnd shärp, shril shrēks.

18. Shọrli, thō wonděd, thŭ proděnt rēkrọt wụd not ēt thǎt krod frot.

19. Amidst thŭ mists and kōlděst frosts, with bârěst rists and stoutěst bōsts, he thrusts hiz fists ǎgenst thů pōsts, and still insists hē sēz thŭ gōsts.

20. A starm ărizeth ăn thủ sẽ. A moděl věssel iz struggling amidst thů war Ŏv ělěměnts, kwĭvēring ånd shivering, shringking and battling lik ǎ thingking being.

21. Chast-id, cherisht Ches! Thů charmz Ŏv thi chěkĕrd chamberz chan mẽ chanjlěsli. Far thē är thŭ chǎplěts Ŏv chanles chărită ǎnd thu chălis Ŏv childlik cherfulněs. Chānj kăn nót chānj thể: from childhud to thủ chärněl-hous, from our fẽrst childish chẽrpingz to thủ chilz Ŏv thu cherch-yärd, thou ärt our chēri chēftinĕs.

II. SYLLABICATION.

I.

· DEFINITIONS.

ASYLLABLE is a word, or part of a word, uttered

by a single impulse of the voice.

2. A Monosyllable is a word of one syllable; as, it. 3. A Dissyllable is a word of two syllables; as, lil-y. 4. A Trisyllable is a word of three syllables; as, con-fine-ment.

5. A Polysyllable is a word of four or more syllables; as, in-no-cen-cy, un-in-tel-li-gi-bil-i-ty.

6. The Ultimate is the last syllable of a word; as, ful, in peace-ful.

7. The Penult, or penultimate, is the last syllable but one of a word: as māk, in peace-mak-er.

8. The Antepenult, or antepenultimate, is the last syllable but two of a word; as ta, in spon-ta-ne-ous. 9. The Preantepenult is the last syllable but three of a word; as cab, in vo-cab-u-la-ry.

II.

RULES IN SYLLABICATION.

NITIAL CONSONANTS.-The elements of consonants that commence words should be uttered distinctly, but should not be much prolonged.

2. Final Consonants.-Elements that are represented by final consonants should be dwelt upon, and uttered with great distinctness; as,

He gets gold, and attempts by his acts to conceal his faults. 3. When one Word of a Sentence ends and the next begins with the same consonant, or another that is hard to produce after it, a difficulty in utterance arises that should be obviated by dwelling on the final consonant, and then taking up the one at the beginning of

.

the next word, in a second impulse of the voice, without pausing between them; as,

It will pain nobody, if the sad dangler regain neither rope.

4. Final Cognates.-In uttering the elements of the final cognates, b, p, d, t, g, and k, the organs of speech should not remain closed at the pauses of discourse, but should be smartly separated by a kind of echo; as, I took down my hat-t, and put it upon my head-d.

5. Unaccented Syllables should be pronounced as distinctly as those which are accented; they should merely have less fōrce of voice and less prolongation; as, The thoughtless, helpless, homeless, girl did not resent his rudeness and harshness.

Very many of the prevailing faults of articulation result from a neglect of these rules, especially the second, the third, and the last. He who gives a full and definite sound to final consonants and unaccented vowels, without stiffness or formality, can not fail to articulate well.

TH

EXERCISES IN SYLLABICATION.1

HIRTY years ago, Marseilles lay burning in the sun, one day. A blazing sun, upon a fierce August day, was no greater rărity in Southern France then, than at any other time, before or since.

2. Every thing in Märseilles, and about Marseilles, had stâred at the fervid sky, and been (bin) stared at in return, until a stâring habit had become universal thêre.

3. Strangers were stâred out of countenance by stâring white houses, staring white walls, staring white streets, staring tracts of ǎrid road, staring hills from which verdure was bûrnt ǎway.

4. The only things to be seen not fixedly stâring and glaring were the vines drooping under their load of grapes. These did occasionally wink a little, as the hot air moved their faint leaves.

1 Direction.-Students will give the number and names of the syllables of words, and tell what rule

for the formation of syllables each
Italic letter illustrates.
2 Marseilles (mär sālz').

5. There was no wind to make a ripple on the foul water within the harbor, or on the beautiful sea without. The line of dēmärkātion between the two colors, black and blue, showed the point which the pure sea would not påss; but it lay as quiet as the abominable pool, with which it never mixed.

6. Bōats without awnings were too hot to touch; ships blistered at their moorings; the stones of the quays (kēz) had not cooled for months.

7. The universal stâre made the eyes ache. Toward the distant line of Italian (i tǎl'yăn) coast, indeed, it was a little relieved by light clouds of mist, slowly rising from the evaporation of the sea; but it softened nowhere else.

8. Far away the stâring roads, deep in dust, stâred from the hillside, stared from the hollow, stared from the interminable plain. Far away the dusty vines overhanging wayside cottages, and the monotonous wayside avenues of parched trees without shade, drooped beneath the stare of earth and sky.

9. So, too, drooped the horses with drowsy bells, in long files of carts, creeping slowly toward the interior; so did their recumbent drivers, when they were awake, which rârely happened; so did the exhausted laborers in the fields.

10. Every thing that lived or grew (groo) was oppressed by the glâre; except the lizard, påssing swiftly over rough stōne walls, and the çieadà, chirping his dry hot chirp, like a rattle. The very dust was scorched brown, and something quivered in the atmosphere as if the air itself were pȧnting.

11. Blinds, shutters, eûrtains, awnings, were all closed to keep out the stâre. Grånt it but a chink or keyhole, and it shot in like a white-hot ǎrrōw.

12. The churches were freëst from it. To come out of the twilight of pillars and arches-dreamily dotted with winking lamps, dreamily peopled with kneeling shadows and the cool pallor of saints in marble-waş to plunge into a fiery river, and swim for life to the nearest strip of shade.

13. So, with people lounging and lying wherever shade was, with but little hum of tongues or barking of dogs, with occasional jangling of discordant church bells, and rattling of vicious drums, Märseilles, a fact to be strongly smelt and tasted, lay broiling in the sun one day.

III. ACCENT.

I.

A

DEFINITIONS.

CCENT is the peculiar fōrce given to one or mōre syllables of a word.

2. In Words which have two Syllables accented, the more forcible accent is called primary, and the less forcible, secondary; as hab-i-TA-tion.

Accent Primary
Secondary

3. The Mark of Acute Accent ['], heavy, is used to indicate primary accent; light, ['] secondary; as, id'i ot'ic.

4. The Mark of Grave Accent, [`] is here used to indicate, first, that the vowel forms a separate syllable; and, secondly, that the vowel is not an alphabetic equivalent; as,

A learned man caught that wingèd thing. Her goodness [not goodniss] moved the roughèst [not roughist]. The agèd should not be thoughtless.

Require the pupil to give the office of each mark below.

EXERCISES IN ACCENT.

1. Hónèst stúdents learn the greátnèss of húmílity.

2. That blessed and belóvèd child loves évèry winged thing. 3. The agreeʼable arʼtisan' made an adʼmirable părʼasol' for that beau'tiful Russian (rush'an) la'dy.

4. No'tice the marks of ae'çent and al'ways accent' correct'ly words that should have but one ac'cent, as in sen'sible, vaga'ry, cir'cumstances, dif 'ficulty, in'teresting, etc.

5. Costume, mánnèrs, ríchès, cívilization, have no pérmanènt ínterèst for him.-His héedlèssnèss offénds his trúest friends. 6. In a crowded life, or in the obscúrèst hámlèt, the same blésséd élemènts óffer the same rich chóicès to each new cómer.