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of cannon of large calibre, nineteen of which | been ascertained to be a continuation of were brass, fell into the hands of the vic- the strata in Labuan. "It will probably," tors, and the Sultan and all the inhabitants says Captain Mundy, "not cost more than fled into the interior. The loss of the seven or eight shillings a ton to stack it on British was only two men killed and seven Moarra Point, whilst coal at Singapore wounded. (and Hong Kong) is 32 shillings, a ton, (from 30 to 35 shillings) at least." beds of coal which cross the Kiangi stream, at a very short distance from Bruné, are eleven and three feet thick respectively. The coal in the island of Labuan, now supplied to our war steamers at 17 shillings per ton, may eventually fall to six shillings per ton, when wrought more scientifically, and with better to ls. The H.E.I.Č. steamer, Nemesis, was recently "coaled " from Labuan, and the engineers have reported that this coal is the best for steaming purposes which they have met with in India.

Escaping from the fury of his enemies, the Sultan retreated, with a body-guard of 500 men, to the village of Damuan, thirty miles from the capital, where he resolved "to make a stand, and fortify himself." Captain Mundy and Mr. Brooke, with 500 seamen and marines, set out in pursuit of him on the 10th of July, but after travelling through flats of mud and forests of jungle, soaked with rain, scorched with sun, and stung by mosquitoes, and finding no passable road to Damuan, they returned to the city, having captured six brass guns, burned the village of Kabiran Battu, and and all the property of Hajji Hassim, the adopted son of the Sultan, who had fled to join his Highness. The weather having improved, and a new road to Damuan having been discovered, the expedition again set out, and after encountering every species of annoyance from rain, sun, mud, jungle, and insects, they reached the village of Damuan, from which the Sultan had made his escape only a few hours before. Having captured and destroyed the strong-hold of the Sultan, with all the arms and ammunition, the expedition returned on the 16th. "Sir Thomas Cochrane was amused at the figure and costume in which Mr. Brooke and Captain Mundy presented themselves to him-unshorn for four days, covered with mud, with a rig unchanged during this period, and the skin peeled off their faces, from exposure alternately to rain and sun.".

In their voyage to the north of Borneo, the British squadron visited the village of Kimanis, on the river of the same name, where they found the picturesque tomb of the rebel princes, Pangeran Usop, and his brother, who were strangled by the order of the Sultan. They had fled to Kimanis, and endeavored to hoist the standard of rebellion, but they were soon made prisoners, and, by "return of post," came their death-warrant-a formal official instrument, signed in October 1845 by the Sultan himself, now in exile, Muda Hassim, and Budrudeen, now murdered by the Sultan, and Muda Mahomed, now imbecile from wounds received at the hands of his Sovereign! The squadron then visited the river Mankabong, where they had a distant view of the larger towns-went on to Ambong, where the flourishing town described by Belcher had been destroyed by the Illanun Having been assured of protection, the pirates, for its wish to befriend the English dispersed inhabitants returned to the city.-captured a well-armed pirate prahu, tigThe Pangerans Mumin and Muda Mohamed ged for sixty oars-destroyed the war pracommunicated with the advance, but 10 hus and chief buildings of the pirate town satisfactory arrangements could be made in of Tampussuk-and burned the notorious the absence of the Sultan. A proclama-Illanun town of Pandassa, whose merciless tion, however, was read to the authorities, bearing that if the Sultan would return, and govern his people justly, and abstain from piracy, hostilities would cease; but that if he acted otherwise, the Admiral would return and burn the city to the ground.

On the 21st of July, the Admiral and Mr. Brooke, in exploring the mainland for coal, discovered a large vein (opposite the island of Pilungan, and about six miles from the Moarra anchorage), which has

inhabitants were "driven as fugitives into the jungle, to be dealt with by the aborigines, who had long groaned beneath their grinding tyranny."

After visiting the ruined fortress of Malludu, the stronghold of the great Arab pirate, Sheriff Osman, whom Captain Talbot had beaten and driven into the jungle in August 1845, the squadron proceeded to the Mambakut river, to attack the position of Hajji Saman. The English force was joined by forty war prahus, with 500 men,

and armed with thirty brass swivel guns, belonging to the different chiefs in the neighboring river who were favorable to a legal trade along the coast. Many rafts of bamboos, and a small fort, obstructed their progress, but they surmounted every obstacle, and reached a beautiful village, each house having a garden, sown in regular beds with cabbages, onions, &c., and the interior of the houses so neat, with excellent furniture, and culinary utensils, that had it not been for the display of human skulls hanging in regular festoons, with thigh and arm bones occupying the intervening spaces, Captain Mundy would have believed himself in a civilized land. A little farther on, they encountered and burned the fortified residence of the pirate chief-repelled an attack of the Dyaks with poisoned arrows and after entertaining the native chiefs who had heartily assisted them, they returned to the Phlegethon.

Mr. Brooke returned to Bruné on the 19th August 1846, permitted the Sultan to repai to the city, and after receiving from him " many oaths and protestations of sorrow" for his crimes, he made him proceed in state to the graves of his murdered relatives, where he demanded justice on the murderers of the royal family. Mr. Brooke then proceeded to Sarawak, carrying with him, in the Phlegethon, the unhappy survivors and dependents of Muda Hassim's family.

A ter a series of successful operations, described in the seventh chapter of Captain Mundy's own Journal, the Illanun pirates were finally driven from the north-west coast of Borneo. Captain Mundy visited Bruné, and found the poor Sultan humbled and submissive, and ready to maintain the most friendly relations with Mr. Brooke and the British Government. A letter containing these assurances, addressed to Mr. Brooke, was delivered to him, on the 29th September, by Captain Mundy, on his arrival with the is and Wolf at Sarawak, which he found in a state of peace and prosperity, Mr. Brooke, at the time of his arrival, being seated at the bead of his table, detailing to a few native chiefs the events of his campaign against the Sultan.

Having received orders to take possession of the Island of Labuan in name of the Queen, and with the assistance of Mr. Brooke, Captain Mundy returned from Singapore to Sarawak on the 7th December. The Iris, having received on board the Rajah of Sarawak, proceeded to Bruné,

where the treaty for the cession of Labuan was signed and sealed on the 18th December 1846. The island was accordingly taken possession of on the 24th December, in presence of a large assembly of Borneon chiefs who had arrived in a fotilla of 30 sail, and who were entertained at a déjeuner by Captain Mundy.

The commencement of the year 1847 was rendered melancholy by the death of Captain Scott of the Wolf, at Labuan, and Mr. Airey, Master of the Iris, at Singapore; but when we consider the nature of the climate in which they served, and the dangers to which the expedition was exposed, we have reason to be thankful that objects so great and humane have been accomplished with so trifling a loss. Exclusive of six officers who fell victims to the climate, fifteen killed and forty-five wounded was the amount of casualties during Sir Thomas Cochrane's expedition against the pirates.

In the middle of May 1847, Mr. Brooke embarked from Labuan in the Nemesis, and on the 29th of that month he had the Sul tan's seal affixed to the commercial treaty with England. When the Nemesis was on its way from Bruné to Labuan, she encountered a fleet of Balanini pirates, with eleven prahus and 350 men, who, during an attempt to "enter into a parley with them." opened their fire along the whole extent of their line, by which a man on board of the Nemesis was killed. The steamer quickly returned the fire, and moving at the distance of 200 yards from one extreme of the position to the other, she poured in round shot, grape, and canister, from her two 30 pounders, which, with four long sixes, composed her whole armament. After two hours' cannonade, Captain Grey of the Columbine, with his own cutter, and two cutters of the Nemesis, made a vigorous attack upon the left of the enemy's position, and after a gallant defence, in which the men fought hand to hand in the water, two of the prahus were taken. Six of the prahus having been left on the beach, deserted by their crews, the Nemesis pursued other three that had fled, and Captain Grey proceeded to secure the prizes on the beach; but no sooner did the pirates observe what the steamer was about, than they rushed to their vessels, gallantly re-manned five of them, launched them with great rapidity, and strove to get to seaward of the cutters under Captain Grey. The action between the cutters and the pirates was an unequal one, and Mr. Wallage of the Nemesis ob

serving this, returned to the assistance of the boats, and forced the pirates to seek for safety in flight. The English loss was two killed and six wounded, while the pirates left fifty dad on the beach, and ten killed in the prabus. The pira es displayed so e skill in nauticul tactics; and such was the desperation with which they fought that not one of them was taken alive. About 100 Chinese and Malays had been in confine ment in this fleet. They were chained round the neck in couples by rattans; and as their barbarous captors had placed them on deck during the action, many of them were killed and wounded by the fire of the Nemesis. Only three of the pirate ships reached their native islands in the Sooloo Sea the other three having foundered on the voyage. The Sultan of Bruné, in consequence of having heard the cannonade, sent down a flotilla of native gun-boats; and at Mr. Brooke's request, about 40 or 50 pirates, that had taken refuge in the jungle, were captured by the Sultan's forces, and executed, whilst the numerous captives were liberated, and forwarded to Singapore.

factors. The first Lord of the Admiralty had placed the Meander, commanded by Cap ain Keppel, at the disposal of Mr. Brooke, to convey him to Labuan as its governor and commander in chief, and had nominated his friend Mr. Napier to be Lieutenant-Governor of the island. Mr. Brooke was graciously received by Her Majesty at Windsor, and was consulted by the Government respecting the new field which he had opened up to British commerce. The city of London presented him with its freedom; the University of Oxford gave him the degree of D.C.L., and he was welcomed to all the clubs, both civil and military, which adorn the metropolis. A mission* under high auspices, has been organized, for establishing schools, preparatory to the introduction of the Gospel among the Malays and Dyaks of that benighted land.

In a postscript to his work, Captain Mundy informs us, that Admiral Inglefield had visited the Sultan Amor Ali, and found him, as well as his nobles, anxious to fulfil their engagements to Great Britain. The Admiral entertains a high opinion of the capabilities of Labuan as a settlement, on account of its fine timber, its rich virgin soil, and good water. About 200 natives were working the seam of coal at the north end of the island, and the steamers on the station were supplied from it.

The pirate demons, thus justly punished, had, during nearly a whole year's cruise, committed the most cruel depredations. They had burned one of their Chinese captives alive, and perpetrated crimes too dreadful to relate. When near the river of Sarawak, they discussed the question of attacking that flourishing settlement, but the presence of some ships of war at anchor off the town compelled them to continue their course; and it was when returning home, laden with captives and plunder, that Mr Brooke had the opportunity of inflicting upon them that severe chastisement which their actual crimes, and their designs against himself had so justly merited. In the month of June, when Mr. Brooke returned to Sarawak, he found that he had been appointed Her Majesty's Commissioner, and Consul General to the Sultan and independent chiefs of Borneo. He had previously resolved on paying a visit to England, and after making arrangements for the government of his province, he set sail for England, and reached Southampton in one of the Oriental Company's steamers, on the 1st October, 1847. Captain Keppel, Captain Mundy, and a few of his nearest relatives, welcomed him, after an absence * Messrs. Macdougall and Wright embarked early of nine years, to his native land, to receive in December, with their wives and families, and are those honors and rewards which England At the end of December preparations were in proby this time carrying on their labors at Sarawak. never refuses but to her intellectual bene-gress for the erection of the native school-house

We have thus endeavored, and with no small difficulty, to give our readers, in a very abridged form, a continuous history of the labors of Mr. Brooke, and of his brilliant canpaigns carried on against the pirates and faithless na'ives of Borneo, along with his gallant friends Captain Keppel, Captain Mundy, and Sir E. Belcher. Although the works of the two first of these officers consist principally of the Journals of Mr. Brooke, they yet contain most valuable original chapters, which are well written, and highly honorable to their authors as men of good feeling and great intelligence. England may well be proud of having three such officers in her naval service-men so peculiarly fitted to exemplify in distant lands, whether savage or civilized, the prowess and humanity of their country. To the labors of Sir Edward Belcher, in Her Majesty' surveying vessel the Sama

rang, the sciences of physical and nautical | ous and inhuman. But what language can geography are under great obligations, and we find to vent our indignation or express the general reader will follow him with our feelings, when we learn that the wives much pleasure over the wide field of obser- and daughters of England, following the vation to which his well written narrative fortunes of their husbands to their Eastern refers. The work of Mr. Marryat, though homes, are seized by the Buccaneers of the principally distinguished by its beautiful em- Tropics, tied hand and foot like cattle for bellishments, evinces considerable powers of the slaughter, and sent into hopeless serviobservation and description, and had the tude, or abandoned to the passions and the youthful author been spared, he would caprices of some barbarous owner? If Engdoubtless have been an ornament to his land felt it her duty to break the chains of country. The work of Mr. Low is full of African slavery, let her now embrace the most interesting information respecting opportunity, so singularly presented to her, Borneo and its natural history; and the of extirpating the pirates which swarm science of botany owes to him several im-round her Eastern Empire-of securing to portant discoveries.*

her subjects the peaceful navigation of the Indian seas-of pouring the lights of religion and of knowledge into lands of darkness now red with crime-and of convincing the world that her deeds of mercy are not inferior to her deeds of glory. Mr. Brooke seems to be the instrument by which this grand object is to be accomplished. His gallantry in battle, his sagacity in government, his knowledge of the pirate and his haunts, and his deep sense of morality and religion, pre-eminently qualify him for the

Brief and meagre as is the preceding narrative, its details of atrocity and crime are sufficiently numerous and prominent to appal the stoutest heart. That the fairest portions of the globe, blessed with the finest climate, and teeming with the richest productions of organic and inorganic life, should be under the dominion of savages, who burn their living captives, and eat their parents alive, and ornament themselves and their dwellings with the hideous relics of mortality-is one of those mysterious place which Providence has so plainly astruths which we seek in vain to fathom. signed him. Though exposed to all the The thief that pilfers from us, the highway- hazards of climate and of war, his life has man that robs us, the murderer that takes been almost miraculously spared. The our life to save his own, the slave-dealer, kriss of the Malay, the spear of the Dyak, and the slave-holder, are reputable charac- have been brandished against him in vain; ters, when compared with the ruthless and the deadly arrow, launched at his heart, has bloody pirates who prowl over the waters of often missed its aim; and even the poisoned the Indian Archipelago. Dwelling in lovely chalice has been dashed from his lips. valleys, and fed almost by the hand of While Europe is the scene of fearful change, Providence with all the necessaries and and the theatre of foreshadowed convulsions, luxuries of life, the Sultans and Princes of we descry in the East the same elements of the East pursue piracy as a trade,-equip- instability-the germs doubtless of a great ping formidable armaments,-overpowering social and religious civilization.

the merchant ship in its peaceful voyage,-
shackling their prisoners as if they were
beasts of prey, and disposing to the highest
bidder, the living as well as the lifeless car-
go.
When we view the lot of the African
slave in all its phases, from his kind treat-
ment like a child in the domestic circle of
his benevolent owner, to his oppressed con-
dition under the lash of a cruel task-master,
we justly denounce the system as unrighte-

STATISTICS OF LONDON.-London which extends its intellectual if not its topographical identity from Bethnal-green to Turnham-green (ten miles), from Kentish Town to Brixton (seven miles), whose to occupy twenty square miles of ground, has a houses are said to number upwards of 200 000, and population of not less than 2,000,000 of souls. Its leviathan body is composed of nearly 10,000 streets, lanes, alleys, squares, places, terraces, &c. It conMr. Brooke returned to Sarawak in the Mean-sumes upwards of 4,369,000 pounds of animal food der, Captain Keppel. Since he left England he has weekly, which is washed down by 1,400,000 barrels been made a Knight of the Bath; and we have no of beer annually, exclusive of other liquids. Its doubt that in telligence will soon be received of his rental is at least £7,000,000 a year, and it pays for safe arrival, and the prosperous state of his territory, luxuries it imports at least £12,000,000, a year for At this date (July 17th) no account of his arrival duty alone. It has 537 churches, 807 dissenting has reached the Colonial Office. places of worship, upwards of 5,000 public-houses, 16 theatres, &c.

+ See Mundy's Narrative, vol. i., p. 209.

From the New Monthly Magazine.

CHARLES LAMB AND HIS SISTER.

66

Coleridge! I know not what suffering scenes you have gone through at Bristol. My life has been somewhat diversified of late. The six weeks that finished last year and began this, your very humble servant spent very agreeably in a madhouse, at Hoxton. I am got somewhat rational now, and don't bite any one. But mad I was! And many a vagary my imagination played with me, enough to make a volume, if all were told."

THE whole story of the life of Charles Lamb | after-life made little or no reference, either remained to be told. The period when a in his correspondence or his conversations. more complete estimate could be formed of a character hitherto imperfectly understood, has only been brought about by the removal of those who might have been most affected by the disclosures essential to that object. His friend and biographer, Sergeant Talfourd, justly remarks, that the most lamentable, but most innocent agency of his beloved sister, Mary Lamb, in the event which consigned her for life to his protection, forbade the introduction of any letter, or allusion to any incident, in former memoirs, which might ever, in the long and dismal twilight of consciousness which she endured, shock her by the recurrence of long past and terrible sorrows; and the same consideration induced the suppression of every passage which referred to the malady with which she was through life, at intervals, afflicted. The truth, however, as now told, while it in no wise affects the gentle excellence of the one character, casts new and solemn lights on the other, for while his frailties have received an ample share of that indulgence which he extended, to all human weaknesses, their chief exciting cause has been hidden, and his real moral strength and the actual extent of his selfsacrifice have been hitherto totally unknown

to the world.

There was a tendency to insanity in the family, which had been more than once developed in his sister, before the year 1795, when Charles resided with his father, mother, and sister, in lodgings at No. 7 Little Queen Street, Holborn." In that year, Lamb, being just twenty years of age, began to write verses-partly incited by the example of his only friend, Coleridge, whom he regarded with as much reverence as affection, and partly inspired by an attachment to a young lady residing in the neighborhood of Islington, who is commemorated in his early verses as "the fair-haired maid." That year Charles was himself a sufferer from a malady with which he was mercifully never afterwards visited. An undated letter to Coleridge, which Sergeant Talfourd says is proved by circumstances to have been written in the spring of 1796, alludes directly to a fact to which he in

How Charles Lamb's love prospered is not known, but it is now first made public how nobly that love, and all hope of the earthly blessings attendant on such an affection, were resigned in the catastrophe which darkened the same year. In the autumn of that year (1796) Lamb was engaged all the morning in task-work at the India House, and all the evening in attempting to amuse his father by playing cribbage; sometimes snatching a few moments for his only pleasure, writing to Coleridge; while Miss Lamb was worn down to a state of extreme nervous misery, by attention to needlework by day, and to her mother by night, until the insanity which had been manifested more than once, broke out into frenzy, which on Thursday, the 22d of September, proved fatal to her mother. The following is Lamb's account of the event to Coleridge:

"MY DEAREST FRIEND,-White, or some of have informed you of the terrible calamities that my friends, or the public papers, by this time may have fallen on our family, I will only give you the outlines: my poor dear, dearest sister, in a fit of insanity, has been the death of her own mother. I was at hand only time enough to snatch the knife out of her grasp. She is at present in a mad-house, from whence I fear she must be moved to an hospital. God has preserved to me my senses, eat, and drink, and sleep, and have my judgment, I believe, very sound. My poor father was slightly wounded, and I am left to take care of him and my aunt. Mr. Norris, of the Blue-coat School, has been very kind to us, and we have no other friend; but, thank God, 1 am very calm and composed, and able to do the ter as possible, but no mention of what is gone best that remains to do. Write as religious a letand done with. With me the former things are passed away,' and I have something more to do than to feel.

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