13. What will 12 gals. 3 qts. 1 pt. of gin cost, at 28 cents per quart? Note. Reduce the whole quantity to quarts and the decimal of a quart. Ans. $14'42. 14. Bought 16 yds. 2 qrs. 3 na. of broadcloth for $100'125; what was that per yard? 15. At $1'92 per bushel, how bought for 72 ? 16. At $92'72 per ton, how chased for $60'268? Ans. $6. much wheat may be Ans. 1 peck 4 quarts. much iron may be purAns. 13 cwt. 17. Bought a load of hay for of 16 per ton; what was the weight of the hay? $9'17, paying at the rate 18. At $30 per tun, what will 1 hhd. 15 gals. 3 qts. Ans. 11 cwt. 1 qr. 23 lbs. of wine cost? 19. The above reversed. At $94'50 for 1 hhd. 15 gals. Ans. $94'50. 3 qts. of wine, what is that per tun Ans. $302'4. Note. The following examples reciprocally prove each other, excepting when there are some fractional losses, as explained above, and even then the results will be sufficiently exact for all practical purposes. If, however, greater exactness be required, the decimals must be extended to a greater number of places. 20. At $180 for 34 qts. of wine, what is that per gal.?. 22. If of a ton of potashes cost $60'45, what is that per ton? yard cost? 21. At $2'215 per gal., what cost 31 qts. ? 23. At $96'72 pot-ashes, what will § of a ton per ton for cost? much 24. If'8 of a yard 25. If a yard of| 26. At $25 per of cloth cost $2, cloth cost $2'5, yard, how what is that per what will '8 of a cloth may be puryard? chased for $2? 27. If 14 cwt. of 28. If a ton of 29. At 27 £.10 s. pot-ashes cost 19. pot-ashes cost 27£.a ton for pot-ashes, what is that 10 s., what will 14 what quantity may be bought for 19 £, 5 S., per ton? cwt. cost? 5 s.? Note. After the same manner let the pupil reverse and prove the following examples: 30. At $18'50 per ton, how much hay may be bought or $12'025? 31. What will 3 qrs. 2 na. of broadcloth cost, at $6 per yard? 32. At $22'10 for transportation of 65 cwt. 46 miles, what is that per ton? 33. Bought a silver cup, weighing 9 oz. 4 pwt. 16 grs. for 3 £. 2 s. 3 d. 33 q.; what was that per ounce ? 34. Bought 9 chests of tea, each weighing 3 cwt. 2 qrs. 21 lbs. at 4 £. 9 s. per cwt.; what came they to? 35. If 5 acres 1 rood produce 26 quarters 2 bushels of wheat, how many acres will be required to produce 47 quarters 4 bushels? A quarter is 8 bushels. Note. The above example will require two operations, for which consult T 65, ex. 1. 36. A lady purchased a gold ring, giving at the rate of $20 per ounce; she paid for the ring $125; how much did it weigh? REDUCTION OF CURRENCIES. 78. Previous to the act of Congress in 1786 establishing federal money, all calculations in money, throughout the United States, were made in pounds, shillings, pence and farthings, the same as in England. But these denominations, although the same in name, were different in value in different countries. England, Nova Scotia, Thus, 1 dollar is reckoned in 4 s. 6 d., called English, or sterling money 5 s. called Canada currency. New Jersey, I dollar is reckoned in 7s. 6 d., called Pennsylvania currency S. Carolina and} 4 s. 8 d., called Georgia currency. Georgia, 1. Reduce 6£. 11 s. 61 d. to federal money. Note. To reduce pounds, shillings, pence and farthings, in either of the above-named currencies, to federal money,First, reduce the shillings, pence and farthings (if any be contained in the given sum) to the decimal of a pound by inspection, as already taught, ¶ 76. 6£. 11 s. 64 d. = £6'576. English money.-Now, supposing the above sum to be English money,-1 £. is 20 s. 240 pence, in all the above currencies. 1 dollar, in English money, is reckoned 4 s. 6 d. 54 pence, that is, === of 1 pound. Now, as many times as, the fraction which 1 dollar is of 1 pound, English money, is contained in £6'576, so many dollars, it is evident, there must be; that is,-To reduce English to federal money,-Divide the given sum by, the quotient will be federal money. £6'576 English money. 40 9) 263'040 29'226 federal money, Answer. Note. It will be recollected, to divide by a fraction, we multiply by the denominator, and divide the product by the numerator. CANADA CURRENCY.-Supposing the above sum to be Canada currency,-1 dollar, in this currency, is 5 s. = 60 pence, that is, of 1 pound. Therefore,-To reduce Canacurrency to federal money,--Divide the given sum byt, and the quotient will be federal money; or, which is the same thing,-Multiply the given sum by 4. da £6'576 Canada currency. 4 $27'304 federal money, Answer. is NEW ENGLAND CURRENCY.-1 dollar, in this currency, 6 s. 72 pence, that is, f, or '3 of a pound. Therefore,-To reduce New England currency to federal money,-Divide the given sum by '3. 3) £.6'576 New England currency. $21'92 federal money, Answer. NEW YORK CURRENCY.-1 dollar, in this currency, is 8 s. = 96 pence, that is, f, or '4 of a pound. Therefore, 2 = -To reduce New York currency to federal money,-Divide the given sum by '4. '4) £.6'576 New York currency. $16'44 federal money, Answer. PENNSYLVANIA CURRENCY.—1 dollar, in this currency, is 7 s. 6 d. 90 pence, that is, of a pound. Therefore,-To reduce Pennsylvania currency to federal money,--Divide by , that is, multiply the given sum by 8, and divide the product by 3. £.6'576 Pennsylvania currency. 8 3)52'608 $17'536 federal money, Answer. GEORGIA CURRENCY.-1 dollar, Georgia currency, is 4 s. 8 d. 56 pence, that is, of a pound. Therefore,To reduce Georgia currency to federal money,-Divide by 0, that is, multiply the given sum by 30, and divide the product by 7. £. 6'576 Georgia currency. 30 7)197'280 $28 1829 federal money, Answer. From the foregoing examples, we derive the following general RULE:-To reduce English money, and the currencies of Canada and the several States, to federal money,-First, reduce the shillings, &c., if any in the given sum, to the decimal of a pound; this being done, divide the given sum by such fractional part as 1 dollar, in the given currency, is a fractional part of 1 pound. EXAMPLES FOR PRACTICE. 2. Reduce 125 £., in each of the before named currencies, to federal money. 3. Reduce 1 s. 6 d., in the several currencies, to federal money. Answers. 1 s. 6 d. = '075£. English money, is $'333; Canada currency, it is $30; New England currency, it is $25; New York currency, it is $'187; Pennsylvania currency, it is $20; Georgia currency, it is $3214. 4. Reduce 75£. 15 s., in the several currencies, to federal money. 5. Reduce 18 £.0 s. 8 d., in the several currencies, to federal money. 6. Reduce 44 d., in the several currencies, to federal money. 7. Reduce 36£. 3 s. 7 d., in the several currencies, to federal money. ¶ 79. To reduce federal money to any of the before named currencies, reverse the process in the foregoing operations; that is,-Multiply the given sum in federal money by such fractional part as 1 dollar, in that currency to which you would reduce it, is of 1 pound. The product will be the answer in pounds and decimals of a pound, which must be reduced to shillings, pence and farthings, by inspection, as already taught, ¶ 77. EXAMPLES FOR PRACTICE. 1. Reduce $118'25 to the several before named cur rencies. Answer. English money, £. s. d. is 26 12 14. N. England currency, $118'25, changed to N. York Pennsylvania |