ADDITION OF COMPOUND NUMBERS. T 38. 1. A boy bought a knife for 9 pence, and a comb for 3 pence; how much did he give for both? Ans. 1 shilling. 2. A boy gave 2 s. 6 d. for a slate, and 4 s. 6 d. for a book; how much did he give for both? 3. Bought one book for 1 s. 6 d., another for 2 s. 3 d., another for 7 d.; how much did they all cost? Ans. 4 s. 4 d. 4. How many gallons are 2 qts. + 3 qts. + 1 qt.? 5. How many gallons are 3 qts. + 2 qts. + 1 qt. +3 qts. +2 qts. ? 6. How many shillings are 2 d. +3 d. + 5d. +6d.+7d.? 7. How many pence are 1 qr. + 2 qrs. + 3 yrs. + 2 qrs. + 1 qr.? 8. How many pounds are 4 s. 10 s. 15 s. + 1 s.? 9. How many minutes are 30 sec. +45 sec. + 20 sec. ? 10. How many hours are 40 min. + 25 min. + 6 min.? 11. How many days are 4 h. + 8 h. + 10 h. + 20 h. ? 12. How many yards in length are 1 f. + 2 f. + 1 f. ? 13. How many feet are 4 in. + 8 in. + 10 in. + 2 in. +1 in. ? 14. How much is the amount of 1 yd. 2 ft. 6 in. + 2 yds. 1 ft. 8 in.? 15. What is the amount of 2 s. 6 d. + 4 s. 3 d. +7s. 8 d. ? 16. A man has two bottles, which he wishes to fill with wine; one will contain 2 gal. 3 qts. 1 pt., and the other 3 qts.; how much wine can he put in them? 17. A man bought a horse for 15£. 14 s. 6 d., a pair of oxen for 20£. 2 s. 8 d., and a cow for 5£. 6 s. 4 d.; what did he pay for all? When the numbers are large, it will be most convenient to write them down, placing those of the same kind, or denomination, directly under each other, and, beginning with those of the least value, to add up each kind separately. Next, adding up the column of shillings, together with the 1 s. which we reserved, we find the amount to be 23 s. 1.3 s. Setting the 3 s. under its own column, we add the 1. with the other pounds, and, finding the amount to be 41., we write it down, and the work is done. Ans. 41. 3 s. 6 d. Note. It will be recollected, that, to reduce a lower into a higher denomination, we divide by the number which it takes of the lower to make one of the higher denomination. In addition, this is usually called carrying for that number: thus, between pence and shillings, we carry for 12, and between shillings and pounds, for 20, &c. The above process may be given in the form of a general RULE for the Addition of Compound Numbers: I. Write the numbers to be added so that those of the same denomination may stand directly under each other. II. Add together the numbers in the column of the lowest denomination, and carry for that number which it takes of the same to make one of the next higher denomination, Proceed in this manner with all the denominations, till you come to the last, whose amount is written as in simple num"bers. Proof. The same as in addition of simple numbers, EXAMPLES FOR PRACTICE. Bought a silver tankard, weighing 2 lb. 3 oz., a silver cup, weighing 3 oz. 10 pwt., and a silver thimble, weighing 2 pwt. 13 grs.; what was the weight of the whole ? A man bought 5 loads of hay, weighing as follows, viz. 23 cwt. (1 T. 3 cwt.) 2 qrs. 171b.; 21 cwt. 1 qr. 16 lb.; 19 cwt. 0 qr. 24 lb.; 24 cwt. 3 qrs.; 11 cwt. O qr. 1lb.; how many tous in the whole? There are four pieces of cloth, which measure as follows, viz. 36 yds. ?qrs. 1 na.; 18 yds. 1 qr. 2. 46 yds. 3.qrs. 3 na.; 12 yds. 0 qr. 2 na.; how many yards in the hole? Pol. ft. in. 36 137 LAND OR SQUARE MEASURE. A. rood pol. ft. in. 228 12 96 75 416 2 31 128 119 There are 3 fields, which measure as follows, viz. 17A. 3 r. 16 p.; 28 A. 5 r. 18 p.; 11 A. 0 r. 25 p.; how much land in the three fields? A merchant bought two cocks of brandy, containing as follows, viz. 70 gal 2 qts.; 67 gal. 1 qt.; how many hogs heads, of 63. each, in the whole? SUBTRACTION OF COMPOUND NUMBERS. 39. 1. A boy bought a knife for 9 cents, and sold it for 17 cents; how much did he gain by the bargain? 2. A boy bought a slate for 2 s. 6 d., and a book for 3 s. 6 d. ; how much more was the cost of the book than of the slate ? 3. A boy owed his playmate 2 s.; he paid him 1 s. 6 d. ; how much did he then owe him? 4. Bought two books; the price of one was 4 s. 6 d., the price of the other 3 s. 9 d.; what was the difference of their costs? 5. A boy lent 5 s. 3 d.; he received in payment 2 s. 6 d.; how much was then due ? 6. A man has a bottle of wine containing 2 gallons and 3 quarts; after turning out 3 quarts, how much remained? 7. How much is 4 gal. less 3 gal. ? 4 gal. 4 gal. - 1 qt.? 4 gal. 1 gal. 1 qt.? 4 gal. 4 gal. 1 gal. 3 qts. ? 4 gal,-2 gal. 3 qts.? 1 gal. 3 qts.? 8. How much is 1 ft. 3 in. 1 ft. 6 in.? 7 ft. 8 in. 10 in. ? (less) 2 qts.? 1 gal. 2 qts.? 4 gal. 1 qt. (less) 6 in.? 1 ft. 8 in.? 6 ft. - 4 ft. 2 in.? 7 ft. -5 ft. 9. What is the difference between 4£. 6 s. and 1£. 8 s.? 11. A man bought a horse for 30. 4 s. 8 d., and a cow for 5£. 14 s. 6 d. ; what is the difference of their costs? OPERATION. £. S. d. Minuend, 30 4 8 Ans. 24 10 2 and As the two numbers are large, it will be convenient to write them down, the less under the greater, pence under pence, shillings under shillings, &c. We may now take 6 d. from 8 d., there will remain 2 d. Proceeding to the shillings, we cannot take 14 s. from 4 s., but we may borrow, as in simple numbers, 1 from the pounds, 20 s., which joined to the 4 s. makes 24 s., from which taking 14 s. leaves 10 s., which we set down. We must now carry 1 to the 5£., making 6£„ which taken from 30£. leaves 24 £., and the work is done. Note. The most convenient way in borrowing is, to subH* |