8. Express by words 462,352; 109,109,109; 16,000,000; 160,000,000.

9. Express by words 1,600,000; 160,000; 4,004,004; 45,045,045.

10. Express by words 87,500,875; 731,640,005; 62,062,062; 405,060,708.

SECTION II.

ADDITION.

1. A boy has one right hand and one left hand: how many hands has he?

2. A horse has two front feet and two hind feet: how many feet has he?

3. A girl has two apples in one hand and one in the other how many apples has she?

4. John had three cents, and his mother gave him two more: how many had he then ?

5. Mary has three cakes and George has three: how many have they both?

25. Uniting two or more numbers of the same kind, so as to find how much they all equal, is called Addition. 26. The number found by adding two or more numbers together is called the Sum.

27. The sign of addition, +, is called plus, and when placed between two numbers shows that they are to be added.

28. The following sign,=, is called the sign of equality, and when placed between two numbers shows that they are equal. Thus, 2+3=5, and is read 2 plus 3 equals 5.

PRINCIPLE. Only similar numbers can be added. Thus, 3 boys and 2 boys, 4 cents and 7 cents.

ORAL EXERCISE.

1. Count by 1's from 1 to 100; thus, 1 and 1 are 2, 2 and 1 are 3, 3 and 1 are 4, and so on.

2. Count by 2's from 2 to 100; thus, 2 and 2 are 4, 4 and 2 are 6, and so on.

Count by 2's from 4 to 60.

3. Count

By 3's from 3 to 60.
By 3's from 4 to 100.

4. Count

By 4's from 1 to 49.
By 4's from 2 to 74.
By 4's from 3 to 99.

5. Count

By 5's from 1 to 51.
By 5's from 2 to 77.
By 5's from 3 to 93.
By 5's from 4 to 119.

6. Count

By 6's from 1 to 73.
By 6's from 2 to 98.
By 6's from 3 to 117.

7. Count

By 7's from 2 to 51.
By 7's from 4 to 35.
By 7's from 5 to 110.
By 7's from 0 to 133.

8. Count

By 8's from 3 to 83.
By 8's from 5 to 125.
By 8's from 7 to 119.
By 8's from 1 to 145.

9. Count

By 9's from 1 to 82.
By 9's from 2 to 128.
By 9's from 8 to 188.

10. Count

By 10's from 2 to 102.

By 6's from 5 to 155.

By 10's from 5 to 135.

By 6's from 0 to 180.

By 10's from 9 to 199.

CASE I.

To Add any Column of Figures whose Sum does not exceed

Nine.

ORAL EXERCISE.

1. How many are 3 pins and 4 pins?
2. How many are 6 pins and 2 pins?
3. How many are 4 boys and 5 boys?
4. How many are 5 boys and 4 boys?
5. How many are 7 men and 2 men?

6. How many are 6 men and 2 men?
7. How many are 4 cups and 4 cups?

8. How many are 3 spoons and 5 spoons?

9. How many are 3 apples, 2 apples and 1 apple? 10. How many are 2 cows, 3 cows and 4 cows?

WRITTEN EXERCISE.

Ex. How many are―

3 horses,

2 horses,

Explanation. We write the numbers under one an

3 horses? other, and add thus: 3 and 2 are 5, and 3 are 8. Hence, 8 horses. the sum is 8 horses.

(5.) (6.) (7.) (8.) (9.) (10.) (11.) (12.)

4

(13.) 6

1

62

2

1

1 2 2

6

14. How many are 21 cents, 15 cents and 12 cents?

SOLUTION.

21 cents,

15 cents, 12 cents.

48 cents.

Explanation.-We write the numbers so that units stand under units and tens under tens, and begin at the right to add. Thus, 2 and 5 are 7, and 1 is 8, which we write in the place of units; adding the tens, we have 1 and 1 are 2, and 2 are 4, which we write

31. A man travelled 21 miles on Monday and 16 on Tuesday: how far did he travel in both days?

32. There are 33 boys and 25 girls in school: how many pupils are there in the school?

33. A horse cost 105 dollars, a cow 43 dollars and a sheep 10 dollars: how much did they all cost?

34. A boy bought two hens for 50 cents, a duck for 25 cents and some feed for 12 cents: how much did he pay for all?

35. If I pay 122 dollars for a buggy, 45 dollars for harness and 200 dollars for a horse, how much do I for all?

How much is

36. 6+2+1?

41. 130+200+304?

42. 125+320+ 201?

pay

37. 4+12+3?

38. 21+22+43 ?

43. 172+205+602 ?

39. 10+25+60?

40. 23+42+122?

44. 232+300+107 ?
45. 455+203+340?

CASE II.

To Add when the Sum of a Column exceeds Nine Units of

that place.

ORAL EXERCISE.

1. How many are 5 apples and 5 apples? 3 pens and 8 pens?