THE FOUNDATION. TO THE PUPIL.-Read each problem and (a) tell its meaning, (b) solve it, and (c) tell the suggested number story. Do this until you can easily give the meaning of all problems similar to these, solve them, and tell the suggested number stories without reference to the notes that follow. 1. plus, means, and . I can change thirds and fourths to twelfths; = twelfths = twelfths; twelfths;= twelfths and twelfths. Story--Harry played ball of an hour, and "hide and seek" of an hour; in all he played twelfths of an hour. (See First Book, pages 125, 135, 145, 147, 149.) 2. minus }, means, less. I can change fourths and thirds to twelfths. = twelfths; = * See Elementary Arithmetic, pp. 89 and 153. 5 twelfths; twelfths less twelfths of a foot long mained was twelfths. Story-William had a piece of wire he cut from it a piece of a foot long; what retwelfths of a foot long. 3. of a bushel multiplied by 7, means, take 7 times three fourthbushels; 7 times 3 fourth-bushels fourth-bushels, or = and bushels. Story-A farmer fed to his horses bu. of and bushels. 4. 4 divided by }, means, find how many times 1 third is contained in 4. I can change 4 to thirds. 4 is 12 thirds. 1 third is contained in 12 thirds times. Story-The teacher divided 4 oranges among some boys, giving to each of an orange; there were boys. 5. of a bushel divided by 4, means, find 1 fourth of of a bushel. 1 fourth of of a bushel = of a bushel. Story-A boy divided of a bushel of oats equally among 4 ponies; each pony received of a bushel. = and 6. 6 plus 51, means, 63 and 51. 6 and 51 Story-In one jar there were 63 lb. of butter; in another there were 5 lb.; in both there were and pounds. and 7. 62 minus 51, means, 63 less 51. 6 less 51 Story-A grocer had 63 lb. cheese, from which he sold 5 lb.; there remained and pounds. 8. 12 multiplied by, means, take of 124. 3 fourths of 12¢ = cents. Story-—At 12¢ a pound, & of a pound of meat costs cents. 9. = divided by 1, means, find how many times 1 sixth is contained in 2 thirds. I can change thirds to sixths; 2 thirds sixths; 1 sixth is contained in 4 sixths times. Story · Mrs. Smith divided of a pie among some boys, giving to each of a pie; there 10. 62 yd. divided by 2, means, find 1 half of 62 yards. 1 half of 6 yards yards. Story-A salesman cut 62 yd. of ribbon into 2 equal pieces; there were and yards in each piece. = 11. 2 bu, 3 pk. plus 2 bu. 2 pk., means, 2 bu. 3 pk. and 2 bu. 2 pk. 2 bu. 3 pk. and 2 bu. 2 pk. bu. pk. Story-A dealer put 2 bu. 3 pk. of oats into one bag and 2 bu. 2 pk. into another bag; in both there were 12. 5 bu. 1 pk. minus 1 bu. 3 pk., means, 5 bu. 1 pk. less 1 bu. 3 pk. 5 bu. 1 pk. less 1 bu. 3 pk. pk. Story-Mr. Bean had 5 bu. 1 pk. of oats, from which he fed 1 bu. 3 pk.; there remained bushels pecks. 13. $ multiplied by, means, take 1 half of 3 fifths of a dollar. 1 half of 3 fifths of a dollar of a dollar. Story-At of = a dollar a yard, 1 half of a yard of ribbon is worth dollar. of a 14. 73 divided by 21, means, find how many times 24 is contained in 7. I can change 2 and 7 to halves; 21 halves are contained in == halves halves; 71 times. halves. Story-A farmer put 71⁄2 bushels of oats into bags, putting 2 bushels in each bag; there were and bags. 15. 5 tons divided by 2, means, find 1 half of 5 tons. 1 half of 5 tons = tons. Story-5 tons of coal were divided equally between two families; each family received and tons. cents. 16. 12 multiplied by 24, means, take 2 times 12 plus 3 fourths of 12¢ (2 times 12). 2 times 12¢ plus 3 fourths of 12 = Story-At 12 a pound 22 lb. of cheese cost cents. 17. 46 ft. divided by 2 ft., means, find how many times 2 ft. are contained in 46 ft. 2 ft. are contained in 46 ft. times. Story A mechanic cut 46 ft. of moulding into pieces, each piece being 2 ft. long; there were pieces. 18. 46 ft. divided by 2, means, find 1 half of 46 ft. 1 half of 46 ft. ft. Story-Henry divided 46 ft. of wire into 2 equal parts; each part was feet long. = 19. 12 multiplied by 3, means, take 3 times 121 (3 times, plus 3 times 12). 3 times 12 Story-One side of a triangle having equal sides is 121 ft.; the perimeter of the triangle is feet. and 20. 15 feet divided by 2 feet, means, find how many times 2 feet are contained in 15 feet. I can change 15 ft. and 2 ft. to half-feet; 15 ft. = half-feet; 2 feet = half-feet; half-feet are times. Story-A mechanic had 15 feet of moulding which he cut into pieces, each piece being 21 ft. long; there were pieces. 21. 27 feet divided by 3, means, find 1 third of 271 feet. 1 third of 271 feet = - and feet. Story-The perimeter of a triangle having equal sides is 27 feet; each side is and feet. 22. 12 multiplied by 2, means, take 2 times 12, plus of 121. 2 times 121, plus of 12 ton, 2 tons of hay cost = and and Story-At $12 per dollars. 23. 13 bu. divided by 24 bu., means, find how many times 21 bu. are contained in 13 bu. I can change 21 and 13 fourths. = to fourths. 21 fourths are contained in fourths. 131 = bu. of oats which he put into bags, putting 21 bu. in each bag. There were bags. 1. .24 plus .05, means, 24 hundredths and 5 hundredths. .24 and .05 hundredths. Story-William had $.24; he earned $.05; he then had 2. .64 minus .05, means, 64 hundredths less 5 hundredths. .64 less .05 hundredths. Story-Martha had $.64; she spent $.05; she then had 3. .12 multiplied by 9, means, take 9 times 12 hundredths. 9 times hundredths, or hundredths. .12 = and 4. .08 divided by .02, means, find how many times 2 hundredths are contained in 8 hundredths. .02 are contained in .08 Story-I paid $.08 for oranges at $.02 each; I bought times. oranges. 5. $.08 divided by 2, means, find 1 half of 8 hundredths of a dollar. One half of $.08 = Story-I paid $.08 for 2 lemons; one lemon cost 50 6. .24 plus .5, means, 24 hundredths and 5 tenths. 5 tenths hundredths. .24 and 50 = hundredths. Story-John had $.24; Alfred had $.5; together they had 7. .64 minus .5, means, 64 hundredths less 5 tenths. 5 tenths 50 hundredths. .64 less .50 = hundredths. Story-Sarah had more than Mary. *See Elementary Arithmetic, pp. 153 and 155. |