3. Grains, vegetables, etc., are commonly sold by weight or measure. The weight of 1 bushel of the most common of these articles is as follows: A pound troy is 5760 grains. It is $760 pound avoirdupois. Precious stones and pearls are weighed by the carat. A carat equals 3 grains troy. The term carat is used also to express the proportion of gold in an alloy. It then signifies a twenty-fourth part. Thus, gold that is 18 carats fine is 18 or pure gold. 396. Apothecaries' Weight. Consult a dictionary for the meaning of the word apothecary. This system of weights is used to some extent in filling prescriptions. The pound, ounce, and grain are the same as in troy weight, but the ounce is subdivided differently. Quart means one fourth. A quart is one fourth of a gallon. A gallon is 231 cubic inches. A gallon of water weighs about 8 pounds. A cubic foot of water (about 7 gal.) weighs about 62 pounds. In measuring the capacity of cisterns, etc., 31 gallons are called a barrel. 399. Dry Measures. This system is but little used in some parts of the United States. Where it is not used, articles are usually sold by weight. 2 pints = 1 quart The dry quart contains 67.20 cubic inches, the fluid quart 57.75 cubic inches. A bushel contains 2150.42 cubic inches. The standard bushel in the United States is the Winchester bushel. It is the volume of a cylinder 18 inches in internal diameter and 8 inches in depth. 400. Measures of Angles and Arcs. 60 seconds (") = 1 minute (') 60 minutes. 360 degrees 90° of angle = 1 degree (°) = 4 right angles, or 1 circumference = 1 right angle; 90° of arc = 1 quadrant For an explanation of the origin of 360 degrees in a circumference, etc., see Measures of Time, p. 313. 401. Counting Table. 2 units 1 pair 12 units 1 dozen 20 units = 1 score 1 gross 12 gross 1 great gross 402. Measures of Value-United States Money. 10 mills 1 cent 10 cents 1 dime 1 10 dimes = 1 dollar The standard unit of value is the gold dollar. A gold dollar (no longer coined) contains 23.22 grains of pure gold and 2.58 grains of alloy. A silver dollar contains 371.25 grains of pure silver and 41.25 grains of alloy. The symbol for dollar is $, which is taken from U.S. The coins of the United States are bronze, 14; nickel, 5 ¢; silver, 10, 25, 50, $1; and gold $21, $5, $10, and $20. The mill is not coined. These are coined at mints located in Philadelphia, New Orleans, Denver, and San Francisco. The paper currency is issued in the denominations of $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, $100, $500, and $1000. Paper currency consists of bank notes, silver certificates, and gold certificates. Examine some paper currency. The provision made for the redemption of each piece of paper currency is printed on each bill. Paper currency issued by national banks is commonly called bank notes. Their payment is guaranteed by deposits of government bonds with the national government. 404. Table of Compound Interest. Amount of $1, at various rates, interest compounded annually. 1 12% 2% 22% 3% 32% 2345 6 1.194052 | 1.229255 1.229874 | 1.272279 1.266770 | 1.316809 1.304773 1,362897 1.010000 1.015000 1.020000 1.025000 1.030000 1.035000 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1.184304 1.288020 18 19 20 1.196148 1.307341 1.428246 1.559659 1.702433 1.857489 1.208109 1.326951 1.456811 1.598650 1.753506 1.922501 1.220190 1.346855 1.485947 1.638616 1.806111 1.989789 1.040000 1.045000 1.050000 1.060000 1.070000 1.080000 1.081600 1.092025 1.102500 1.123600 1.144900 1.166400 1.124864 1.141166 1.157625 1.191016 1.225043 1.259712 1.169859 1.192519 1.215506 1.262477 1.310796 1.360489 1.216653 1.246182 1.276282 1.338226 1.402552 1.469328 1.265319 1.302260 1.340096 1.418519 1.500730 1.586874 1.315932 1.360862 1.407100 1.503630 1.605782 1.713824 1.368569 1.422101 1.477455 1.593848 1.718186 1.850930 1.423312 1.486095 1.551328 1.689479 1.838459 1.999005 1.480244 1.552969 1.628895 1.790848 1.967151 2.158925 1.539454 1.622853 1.710339 1.898299 2.104852 2.331639 1.601032 1.695881 1.795856 2.012197 2.252192 2.518170 1.665074 1.772196 1.885649 2.132928 2.409845 2.719624 1.731676 1.851945 1.979932 2.260904 2.578534 2.937194 1.800944 1.935282 2.078928 2.396558 2.759032 3.172169 1.872981 2.022370 2.182875 2.540352 2.952164 3.425943 1.947901 2.113377 2.292018 2.692773 3.158815 3.700018 2.025817 2.208479 2.406619 2.854339 3.379932 3.996020 2.106849 2.307860 2.526950 3.025600 3.616528 4.315701 2.191123 2.411714 2.653298 3.207136 3.869684 4.660957 Abstract number, 16. Acute angle, 79, 221, 229. Acute-angled triangle, 221, 229. Addition, of denominate numbers 77. of fractions, 97-99, 108-112. of integers and decimals, 16-19. Apothem, 294. Appendix, 256-820. Approximate answers, 28. Arabic numerals, 10. Commercial discount, 204. Commission, 192, 193, 262-264. Common divisor, factor, or measure, 104. Common multiple, 106. Common stock, 258. Composite number, 87. Compound denominate numbers, 72, 77. Compound interest, 217. table of, 820. Concrete number, 16. Cone, 295, 296. Consumer, 262. Corporation, 256. Corporation bond, 261. Correspondence bank, 278. Counting measure, 318. Coupon bond, 261. Credit, creditor, 42. Cube (rectangular prism), 283. Cube of numbers, 244. Cube root, 246. Cubic measure, 84, 85, 233, 809, 810, 815. Customhouse, 198, 278. Customs and duties, 198, 202, 203, 271–278. Bonds, 261. Broker, 192, 258, 264. Brokerage, 258, 262-264. MOCL. & JONES'S ESSEN. OF AR.-21 Cylinder, 222, 234, 235. 321 |