1457. Hawkins, Layton S. Future problems of state and national administration of vocational education. Vocational summary, 3: 6-8, May 1920.

Read before the National society for vocational education, Chicago, Ill., February 21, 1920. Discusses (1) What groups are to be reached by vocational education; (2) What is to be the content of the vocational courses, and (3) How are we to secure competent vocational teachers.

1458. Hill, David Spence. Introduction to vocational education; a statement of facts and principles related to the vocational aspects of education below college grade. New York, The Macmillan company, 1920. xvii, 483p. 12°. This book by the president of the University of New Mexico aims to furnish an introduction to the study of the vocational aspects of public education. It gives a bird's eye view of the relation of public education to democracy, of the historical development of vocational education, of recent federal legislation, of the problems of agricultural, industrial, and commercial training, and of practical education for girls and women. Other topics presented are the uses of research for education and industry, and applied psychology.

1459. Klein, Paul E. Industrial education in the upper grammar grades of a nondirectly-vocational school. Industrial-arts magazine, 9: 337-40, September

1920.

A course in manual training the purpose of which is to develop a sympathetic understanding and appreciation of modern industry.

1460. Knowles, F. H. The English system of education and manual training. Manual training magazine, 22: 1-3, July 1920.

1461. Londow, Ezekiel J. Advantages of cooperative education. South Atlantic quarterly, 19: 249-57, July 1920.

1462. Morris, J. V. L. Separateness of vocational education in manufacture. Educational administration and supervision, 6: 220-25, April 1920.

In the administration of vocational education the writer thinks that in many cases trainir g and education can be provided most effectively in the industry as exemplined by the corpor. tion school. Vocational schools in which the instruction closely resembles the practice in indus try are most successful when independent of the general school system.

1463. Myers, George E. How industry is meeting the problem of industrial education. Manual training magazine, 22: 27-31, August 1920.

Paper read before the Vocational education round table, Western arts association, Detroit, May 1920.

The efforts industry is making to give training to its entire personnel. Tells of the vestibul school, the up-grading school, apprenticeship training, etc.

1464. Rickcord, R. V. A simple, comprehensive card record scheme for the shops of a vocational school. Industrial-arts magazine, 9: 266-70, July 1920.

1465. Scrimshaw, Stewart. Vocational departments in high schools vs. separate vocational schools. Industrial-arts magazine, 9: 297-99, August 1920.

The relative merits of the separate vocational school as against the vocational department of the high school.

1466. Sheldon, E. E. Printing a fine art. Industrial-arts magazine, 9: 225-29, June 1920.

Teaching printing as a manual art.

1467. Snedden, David. Vocational education. New York, The Macmillan company, 1920. 587p. 12°. (On cover: Brief course series in education)

A book devoted primarily to the study of current problems in vocational education, without treating the subject in a historical or descriptive way. The writer discusses the meaning, aim, and limits of school vocational training, and then takes up fundamental problems of method and of administration.

1468. Stewart, R. M. The vocational teacher and the study problem. Albany, N. Y., University of the state of New York, 1920. 16p. 8°.

I. Relating to professional improvement.-II. Teaching others to study.-III. Supervision of study.-Bibliography.

1469. Timbie, W. H. A cooperative course in electrical engineering conducted by Massachusetts institute of technology and General electric company. Engineering education, 10: 459-76, June 1920.

1470. Wardle, Addie G. Handwork in child life. Child (London) 10: 393-99, June 1920.

Says that every teacher should be an expert in handwork as well as a good handwork director of the children's efforts. Fresents possible types of handwork for the elementary years.

1471. Yeomans, Edward. The school shop. Atlantic monthly, 125: 813-19, June 1920.

Says that handwork cannot be postponed to the high school and technical school period, but should be given a place in the elementary school.

VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE.

1472. Brewer, John M.

The need for vocational guidance in any plan for vocational education. Educational administration and supervision, 6: 126-38, March 1920.

1473. Murray, Elsie. Psychological tests as diagnostic of vocational aptitudes in college women. Journal of applied psychology, 4: 30-38, March 1920.

"Comparison of the student's own vocational choice with the various test scores reveals a fairly high degree of correspondence between individual ambition and experimental findings." 1474. Oschmann, Dr. Berufswahl und berufsberatung auf arbeitswissenschaftlicher grundlage. Zeitschrift für schulgesundheitspflege, 33: 145-51, no. 5, 1920.

AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION; HOME ECONOMICS.

1475. Beach, Dorothea. Practice houses a reality. Journal of home economics, 12: 308-12, July 1920.

Summarizes the answers received to a questionnaire sent to 76 institutions to ascertain certain facts as to the use of practice houses in the teaching of home economics.

1476. Richardson, Anna E. Future administrative problems in vocational education in home economics. Journal of home economics, 12: 299-307, July 1920. Paper read before the meeting of the National society for vocational education, Chicago, February 1920.

Discusses briefly the groups of women to be reached by vocational education in home economics, the school's responsibility for providing all the facilities and factors which enter into a complete program of home-making education, and the need of providing adequately trained Vocational teachers.

1477. Washington. State board for vocational education. The function and organization of the high school course of study in agriculture. Olympia, F. M. Lamborn, 1920. 22p. 8°. (Bulletin no. 2, Agricultural series, no. 1) By W. G. Hummel.

COMMERCIAL EDUCATION.

1478. Columbia alumni news, vol. 11, no. 33, May 28, 1920. (The school of business.) Contains: 1. J. C. Egbert: The Columbia school of business-its history, p. 620-22. 2. R. C. McCrea: The curriculum of the Columbia school of business, p. 622-24. 3. H. P. Willis: The employer and the graduate of the school of business, p. 24-23. 4. J. P. Papp: The business student, p. 627-29.

1479. Ryan, H. H. The Irving mercantile corporation. Elementary school journal, 20: 651-59, 743-55, May, June 1920.

Describes a corporation organized in the Irving school of St. Louis, Mo., the purpose of which is to provide a motivated type of school work; to familiarize the pupils with some of the conventions of business-materials and procedure, etc.

PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION.

1480. American medical association. Report of the annual congress on medical education and licensure and the sixteenth annual conference of the Council on medical education, Chicago, March 1, 2, and 3, 1920. Chicago, Ill., American medical association, 1920. 92p. 8°. (American medical association bulletin, vol. 14, no. 1, July 15, 1920. Educational number)

Contains: 1. A. D. Bevan: Needed developments in medical education, p. 6-10. 2. N. P. Colwell: Improvements in medical education in sixteen years, p. 10-15. 3. G. E. Vincent: Ideals and their function in medical education, p. 16-21. 4. R. L. Wilbur: The needs and future of medical education, p. 21-23; Discussion, p. 23-32. 5. W. A. Jessup: The larger function of state university medical schools, p. 32-36. 6. Oskar: Research in the teaching laboratories, 38-45. 7. G. C. Robinson: Research in clinical medicine, p. 45-49; Discussion, p. 49-58. 8. L. B. Wilson: Report of committee on graduate medical education, p. 58-67.

1481. Association of American law schools. Handbook and proceedings of the seventeenth annual meeting held at Chicago, Ill., December 30-31, 1919. 136p. 8°. (Henry C. Jones, secretary-treasurer, Morgantown, W. Va.) Contains: 1. H. F. Stone: Address of the president, p. 95-108. 2. Ernst Freund: A course in statutes, p. 109-12. 3. O. K. McMurray: The four-year course in law, p. 112-16. 4. R. W. Millar: The four-year course in law, p. 116-20. 5. Albert Kocourek: The teaching of jurisprudence, p. 121-27; Discussion, p. 128-34.

1482. National league of nursing education. Proceedings of the twenty-fifth annual convention . . . held at Chicago, Ill., June 24 to 28, 1919. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins company, 1919. 334p. 8°. (Laura R. Logan, secretary, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio)

Contains: 1. Annie W. Goodrich: The contribution of the Army school of nursing, p. 146-56. 2. Elsie M. Lawler: How the civil hospitals and nursing schools met the war situation, p. 157-61. 3. Grace E. Allison: What the war has taught us about nursing education, p. 171-77. 4. Maude E. Landis: Strong and weak joints in our system of training, with adjustments to meet the present situation, p. 215-25. 5. C. E. Chadsey: The relation of the public school to nursing education, p. 237-41; Discussion, p. 241-44. 6. Helen M. Wood: The value of the clinical method of teaching in nursing schools and how it can be organized, p. 259-64. 7. Parmelia M. Doty: The need of cooperation between the head nurse and instructor, p. 264-70. 8. Claribel A. Wheeler: Nursing preparatory courses in schools and colleges, p. 270-77. 9. Eliza P. Reid: Cooperative teaching, p. 278-81. 10. Elizabeth C. Burgess: How can we make the student's practical work experience more profitable from an educational standpoint, p. 282-89. 11. M. Helena McMillan: Non-resident students in training schools, p. 290-95; Discussion, p. 295-309.

1483. Allbutt, Sir T. Clifford. Medical research. Science, n. s. 52: 115-20, August 6, 1920.

Presidential address at the British medical association, Cambridge meeting. Reviews the work of scholars in medical research.

1484. Ellis, A. G. The teaching of medicine. Journal of the American medical association, 75: 367-70, August 7, 1920.

Emphasizes the saving of time in the medical curriculum by more intimate correlation of departments. Advocates the reduction of time devoted to lectures and for laboratory instruction.

1485. Interchurch world movement. Education department. Preliminary report of the survey of the theological seminaries of North America. Christian education, 3: 2-38, April 1920.

1486. Kefauver, Christine R. What is the matter with the training school? Trained nurse and hospital review, 65: 113-19, August 1920.

A study based on a questionaire sent to hospitals having training schools for nurses. An endeavor to ascertain the causes of the shortage of nurses, etc.

1487. Kolmer, John A. A five or six-year course in medicine. Journal of the American medical association, 75: 360–61, August 7, 1920.

Discusses the advantages of a five-year curriculum. Emphasizes the crowded condition of the four-year course.

1488. Medical education in the United States. Journal of the American medical association, 75: 379-415, August 7, 1920.

Educational data for 192), presented by the Council on medical education and hospitals. Gives tabulated statistics of medical colleges in the United States and Canada; distribution of medical students by states; medical courses; essentials of an acceptable medical college, etc.

1489. Parnall, Christopher G. The future of nursing service and nursing education. American journal of nursing, 20: 897-901, August 1920.

1490. Peterson, Frederick. The future of the physician. Journal of the American medical association, 75: 357-60, August 7, 1920.

Emphasizes health instruction in public schools. Sketches the ancient art of therapeutics.

1491. Vincent, George E. The Rockefeller foundation; a review for 1919. Public health and medical education in many lands. New York, 1920. 44p. front., illus., diagrs. 8°.

1492. Ward, Agnes S. Some of the newer problems in the training of the nurse. Trained nurse and hospital review, 64: 493-96, June 1920.

Second and concluding paper. Methods of relieving the shortage of trained nurses.

1493. Waters, Charles E. The educational status of nursing in 1918. Trained nurse and hospital review, 65: 109-12, August 1920.

A statistical study with graph showing the distribution of pupils in 1,680 nurse-training schools. 1494. Watkins, J. A. The training of industrial physicians. Journal of the American medical association, 74: 1643-45, June 12, 1920.

Says the facilities for receiving practical instruction in industrial medicine are inadequate in the United States. Emphasizes the importance of such teaching.

CIVIC EDUCATION.

1495. Dunn, Arthur W. Community civics and rural life. Boston, New York [etc.] D. C. Heath & co. [1920] xii, 507p. illus. 12°. (Rural education series, ed. by H. W. Foght)

The first purpose of this book is to meet the needs of rural pupils and teachers; the second is to make as obvious as possible the elements which, in the author's judgment, characterize" community civics" and give it vitality.

1496. Ellwood, Charles A. Education for citizenship in a democracy. American journal of sociology, 26: 73-81, July 1920.

Discusses the need of a national system of education in a democratic nation. Says that education for citizenship is a national concern and can not be left with safety wholly to local interests. Advocates the Smith-Towner bill.

1497. Leighton, Etta V. Our little citizens. A civics program for 1920-21. Primary education, 28: 342-43, 391, 393, June 1920.

The last number in a series of articles on Our little citizens which has been continued monthly for two years in Primary education.

A civic program for grades I to VI.

1498. Street, Frederick A. Putting over a civic education program. National Catholic war council bulletin, 1: 10-11, 30, August 1920. illus.

Social assets in community Americanization work. The Catholic church and its work with non-English-speaking immigrants.

1499. Aronovici, Carol.

AMERICANIZATION.

Americanization: its meaning and function. American

journal of sociology, 25: 695-730, May 1920.

Discusses among other phases of the subject language teaching; the teaching of English; citizenship, etc.

1500. Baughman, Ruby. The activities of a department of immigrant education. Journal of the New York state teachers' association, 7: 169-77, June 1920.

The supervisor of immigrant education in Los Angeles, Cal., tells of the work of elementary adult education in that city.

1501. Gathany, J. Madison. Political culture the educational basis of Americanization. Outlook, 125: 420, 425-26, June 30, 1920.

Political culture not only includes knowledge with regard to the workings of our government, but an appreciation of the origin and spirit of cur institutions.

1502. Russell, William F. Education in the United States; with an appendix on how the Russian immigrants can make use of the American educational system. New York, Russian section, Foreign language information service, American national red cross, 1920. 110p. 8°.

Added t.-p. and text of book in Russian. Foreword of endorsement by P. P. Claxton, U. S. Commissioner of education.

1503. Woodward, Elizabeth Ash. Americanization work of the kindergarten. Kindergarten and first grade, 5: 221–24, June 1920.

The citizenship of the foreign-born mother and the kindergartner's part in helping her to make her first step toward active citizenship.

EDUCATION OF SOLDIERS.

1504. Mann, Charles R. Education in the United States army. Educational review, 60: 1-6, June 1920.

Describes the "applicatory" method of instructing recruits who have had less than an eighth-grade schooling. The essential elements of this method are a series of defnite, concrete jobs or projects which the soldier must work cut and accomplish mainly by his own effort, and the definition of the standards of achievement which he must attain teicre the jcb is completed.

TRAINING OF DISABLED SOLDIERS.

1505. Faries, John Culbert. Three years of work for handicapped men. A report of the activities of the Institute for crippled and disabled men. New York city, Pub. at the Institute, 1920. 95p. 16°.

1506. Roberts, Ralph S. The use of psychological and trade tests in a scheme for the vocational training of disabled men. Journal of educational psychology, 11: 101-108, February 1920.

EDUCATION OF WOMEN.

1507. Courtney, Mrs. W. L. Oxford and women. North American review, 212: 200-9, August 1920.

1508. Wembridge, Eleanor R. The professional education of women and the family problem. Social hygiene, 6: 181–96, April 1920.

NEGRO EDUCATION.

1509. Davis, J. E. A Virginia asset: the Virginia industrial school for colored girls. Southern workman, 49: 357-64, August 1920.

EDUCATION OF DEAF.

1510. Benedict, A. L. The extent of the vocabulary. Volta review, 22: 494–500, August 1920.

Discusses handicaps suffered by children of defective hearing in acquiring a vocabulary. 1511. McLean, Marjorie. The development of speech-reading power. Volta review, 22: 485-94, August 1920.

1512. Scripture, E. W. Tracings from speech records. Volta review, 22: 480-85, August 1920.

Second of a series of articles on the "Mechanism of speech." Illustrated. Tracings made by phonographic records.

EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN.

1513. Doeblin, M. I. Juvenile delinquency. School and society, 11: 725-32, 757-60, June 19, 26, 1920.

1514. Edson, Andrew W. The education of mentally and physically handicapped children. Ungraded, 5: 121–25, March-April 1920.

Shows how New York takes care of its handicapped children.

1515. Hollingworth, Leta S. The psychology of subnormal children. New York, The Macmillan company, 1920. xix, 288p. 12°. (Brief course series in education, ed. by Paul Monroe)

A volume designed for the training of teachers of special classes for children who are ubnormal in intelligence, in the psychology and education of such children.

1516. Nelles, Fred C. The twenty-four hour school. Journal of delinquency, 5:117– 27, July 1920.

Provisions for a 24-hour school in California.

1517. Pearson, P. H. German schools for gifted pupils. School life, 5: 5-6, August 1, 1920.

The discovery and the development of exceptional ability among school pupils is one of the means by which the Germans are now seeking to rehabilitate their country, and to replace the intellectual men who have lost their lives.

1518. The twenty-four hour school.

Survey, 44: 617-18, August 16, 1920.

Describes the efforts to turn the industrial school for delinquents, at Whittier, Calif., into "a new type of training station located at the crossways between the home and the court.'

1519. Wallin, J. E. W. The concept of the feeble-minded, especially the moron. Training school bulletin, 17: 41-54, May 1920.

Delivered, in substance, before Section H, of the American association for the advancement of science, December 29, 1919.

EDUCATION EXTENSION.

1520. Bennett, Charles A. The Boston continuation school. Manual training magazine, 21: 329-33, June 1920.

1521. Bernard, L. L. Education by correspondence. School and society, 12: 31-38, July 10, 1920.

Speaks of the difficulties that have to be overcome in correspondence study. Summing up, the writer says "Correspondence study is at best but a makeshift, a substitute for class instruction; but it is a necessary substitute for many people and its value to the individual and the community in such cases undoubtedly justifies it. Its greatest present need is further standardization in procedure and administration."