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It was bought by William Beeston, a player, in 1652, and rebuilt and reopened by him in 1660. The Duke's company, under Davenant, played here till their new theatre in Lincoln's Inn Fields was ready to receive them. Salisbury Court Theatre was finally destroyed in the Great Fire, and not rebuilt. The Duke's Theatre in Dorset Gardens, opened November 9, 1671, stood facing the Thames, on a somewhat different site.

Salisbury House, in the STRAND, stood on the sites of Cecil Street and Salisbury Street, between Worcester House and Durham House, and was so called after Sir Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury, Lord High Treasurer to James I., by whom it was built, when only Sir Robert Cecil. Queen Elizabeth was present at the housewarming on December 6, 1602.1

December 7, 1602.-On Munday last the Queen dyned at Sir Robert Secil's newe house in the Strand. Shee was verry royally entertained, richely presented, and marvelous well contented; but at hir departure shee strayned her foot. His hall was well furnished with choise weapons, which her Majestie took speciall notice of. Sundry deuises; at hir entraunce, three women, a maid, a widdowe, and a wife, eache commending their owne states, but the virgin preferred; 2 an other, one attired in habit of a Turke desyrous to see hir Majestie, but as a straunger without hope of such grace, in regard of the retired manner of hir lord, complained; answere made, howe gracious hir Majestie in admitting to presence, and howe able to discourse in anie language; which the Turke admired, and, admitted, presents hir with a riche mantle, etc.-Manningham's Diary, p. 99.

The house was, however, far from finished at this time. Salisbury was busy building in 1608. On August 10, 1608, we find Thomas Wilson writing to Cecil on the "difference of cost between Canterbury stone [Kentish rag] and Caen stone for the works at Salisbury House," 3 and there are several subsequent letters on the subject; one (September 9) from Leonard Lawrence to Wilson informing him that he has taken down the inner part of the gate at Canterbury, which will yield 60 or 70 loads of stone fit for London, but he refrains from meddling with the outer part till he has further instructions, because "the townspeople keeps so much ado." He probably received instructions, as a few days later (September 25) he reports the demolition of the building at Canterbury and the shipment of the stones for London "for the Earl of Salisbury's use.' There seems to have been as much difficulty in procuring workmen as materials, and as summary modes of procedure in order to obtain them. Sir W. Bowyer writes to the Earl from Newcastle (August 28) that he "could not obtain workmen to get stones at Berwick till Dunbar ordered three or four to be spared from the works on the bridge and castle." 5 In September 1610 are entered the specifications of a plan by a Mr. Osborne for making a portico at the south end of the Earl of Salisbury's garden in the

1 Nichols's Progresses of Queen Elizabeth, vol. iii. p. 601; Collier's Annals, vol. i. p. 323. 2 This was "a pretty Dialogue of John Davies, Twixt a Maid, a Widow, and a Wife," written

for the occasion but not printed in his Works.
3 Cal. State Pap., 1603-1610, p. 451.
4 Ibid., vol. i. p. 456.

5 Ibid., p. 453.

Strand.1 Subsequently the house was divided into "Great Salisbury House" and "Little Salisbury House," and finally pulled down in 1695.

This house afterwards became two, the one being called 'Great Salisbury House, as being the residence of the Earl, and the other Little Salisbury House, which was used to be let out to persons of quality; being also a large house; and this was above 28 years ago contracted for [i.e. 1692] of the then Earl of Salisbury for a certain term of years to build on, and accordingly it was pulled down and made into a street, called Salisbury Street, which being too narrow, and withal the descent to the Thames too uneasy, it was not so well inhabited as was expected. Another part, viz. that next to Great Salisbury House and over the long Gallery, was converted into an Exchange, and called the Middle Exchange, which consisted of a very long and large room (with shops on both sides) which from the Strand run as far as the water-side, where was a handsome pair of stairs to go down to the waterside, to take boat at, but it had the ill-luck to have the nick-name given it of the "Whore's Nest;" whereby, with the ill-fate that attended it, few or no people took shops there, and those that did were soon weary and left them. Insomuch that it lay useless except three or four shops towards the Strand; and coming into the Earl's hands, this Exchange, with Great Salisbury House, and the houses fronting the street are pulled down, and now converted into a fair street called "Cecil Street," running down to the Thames, having very good houses fit for persons of repute, and will be better ordered than Salisbury Street was.-Strype, B. iv. p. 120.

In "Little Salisbury House" lived William Cavendish, third Earl of Devonshire, father of the first Duke of Devonshire, who played so important a part in the Revolution of 1688, and in his house Thomas Hobbes, the philosopher, had his chamber and home.

It happened about two or three days after his Majesty's [Charles II.'s] happy returne, that as he was passing in his coach through the Strand, Mr. Hobbes was standing at Little Salisbury House Gate (where his Lord [the E. of Devonshire] then lived); the King espied him, putt off his hat very kindly to him, and asked him how he did.-Aubrey's Life of Hobbes.

John Pell, the mathematician, records his meeting with Hobbes in the Strand, who "led me back to Salisbury House, where he brought me into his chamber and there showed me his construction of that Probleme, which he said he had solved, namely the Doubling of a Cube." 2 There is a good river-front view of the house in Wilkinson's Londina Illustrata, from a drawing by Hollar, in the Pepysian Library at Cambridge.

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Salisbury Square, FLEET STREET. [See Salisbury Court.]

Salisbury Street, STRAND, built circ. 1678, and so called from Salisbury House, the residence of Robert Cecil, first Earl of Salisbury of the Cecil family. [See Salisbury House.] The present street was rebuilt, James Paine, architect, 1783. Partridge the almanac maker lived in this street.

I have some thoughts of sending for him from the banks of Styx, and reinstating him in his own house, at the sign of the Globe in Salisbury Street.-Tatler, No. 118, January 10, 1709.

1 Cal. State Pap., 1603-1610, p. 632.

2 Pell, MS. Birch, Brit. Mus.

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The Salisbury estate, consisting of Salisbury and Cecil Streets, was sold by the present Marquis of Salisbury for £200,000, and preparations were made at the end of 1888 for the utilisation of the ground to the best advantage. A large hotel is being built at the end of the present street, which abuts upon the Embankment Gardens. It is proposed to build a club, theatre and chambers, with a courtyard in the centre. The entrance will be at Cecil Gate, where Cecil Street now is, and the exit at Salisbury Gate, where Salisbury Street now is.

Salmon's (Mrs.) Wax-Work, FLEET STREET, a famous wax-work exhibition on the south side of Fleet Street, between the Temple Gates. Mrs. Salmon was the Madame Tussaud of the last half of the 18th century.

Tall Polygars
Dwarf Zanzibars

Mahomed's Tomb, Killarney's Lake, the Fane of Ammon,
With all thy Kings and Queens, ingenious Mrs. Salmon!

Probationary Odes for the Laureateship, 1785.

Salopian (The), CHARING CROSS, a coffee-house and tavern described in 1804 by Sir Richard Phillips as "frequented by gentlemen of the army, etc.—good dinners, wines and lodgings." When Thomas Campbell, the poet, first came to London, Thomas Telford the engineer invited him to live with him at The Salopian, but the poet said that the noise of Charing Cross was enough to drive any man crazy, and he soon left it for South Molton Street.

Saltero's (Don). [See Don Saltero's.]

Salters' Hall, ST. SWITHIN'S LANE, west side, the Hall of the Master, Wardens, and Commonalty of the Art or Mistery of Salters, the ninth on the list of the Twelve Great Companies of the City of London. The Salters received a grant of livery from Richard II. in 1394, and letters patent from succeeding monarchs, but the Charter of Incorporation only dates from the first of Elizabeth, 1558. The first hall of the Company was in Bread Street, but they had removed to the present site some time before the Great Fire, which destroyed the hall and its contents, including the Company's books. The present hall, 1823, was designed by Henry Carr, architect, and opened May 23, 1827. It is semi-classical in style with a portico of the Ionic order, spacious and stately. The hall itself is 72 feet by 40 feet. Oxford Court, in which it is situated, was so called from John De Vere, the sixteenth Earl of Oxford of that name, who died in 1562, and was originally the site of the inn or hostel of the Priors of Tortington, in Sussex. Empson and Dudley, notorious as the unscrupulous instruments of Henry VII.'s avarice in the later and more unpopular years of his reign, lived in Walbrook, in "two fair houses," with doors leading into the garden of the Prior of Tortington (now Salters' Garden). "Here they met," says Stow, "and consulted of

"1

matters at their pleasures." Part of Salters' Hall was let in the reign of William III. to a Protestant congregation of the Presbyterian persuasion. Tom Brown alludes to the sermons here in a well-known passage :

A man that keeps steady to one party, though he happens to be in the wrong, is still an honest man. He that goes to a Cathedral in the morning, and Salters' Hall in the afternoon, is a rascal by his own confession.-Tom Brown's Laconics (Works, 8vo, 1709, vol. iv. p. 23)..

I Thumb'd o'er many factious Reams
Of canting Lies, and Poets Dreams,
All stuff'd as full of Low-Church Manners,
As e'er was Salters' Hall with Sinners.

Hudibras Redivivus, 4to, 1707.

Salters' Hall Chapel, adjoining the hall, continued to be one of the chief dissenting chapels in the City down to our own day. It was removed to make room for the present Salters' Hall. Lilly, the astrologer, was a freeman of this Company. Observe.-Full-length portrait of Adrian Charpentier, painter of the clever and only good portrait of Roubiliac, the sculptor; equestrian portrait of the Duke of Wellington; and Alderman Gibbons in his Mayoral robes, by H. T. Wells, R.A.

Salutation Tavern, No. 17 NEWGATE STREET (south side), in the reign of Anne was much resorted to for social gatherings. Somewhat later the leading booksellers and printers met here. Bowyer prints a rhyming invitation to a booksellers' supper, January 19, 1736, sent by the stewards Cave and Bowyer :

SIR

SATURDAY, January 17, 1735.

You're desired on Monday next to meet
At Salutation Tavern Newgate Street,

Supper will be on table just at eight,

One of St. John's,2 and 'other of St. John's Gate.3

Along with the invitation Bowyer prints a poetical answer by Richardson the novelist, beginning:

For me I'm much concerned I cannot meet

At Salutation Tavern, Newgate Street.1

A "late landlord preserved a tradition of the house to the effect that Sir Christopher Wren used to smoke his pipe there whilst St. Paul's was in course of rebuilding." 5

Here, in a little smoky room, Coleridge and Lamb used to meet to enjoy Welsh-rabbits and egg-hot, and discuss poetry and philosophy, both moral and political, over pipes and orinoco. And here it was that Southey discovered Coleridge in one of his gloomiest fits of melancholy, and endeavoured to rouse him to active exertion.

Some of the Sonnets which shall be carelessly turned over by the general reader,

1 Stow, p. 84.

2 Bowyer.

3 Cave.

4 Bowyer, Anecdotes, p. 160.

5 A. Andrews in Notes and Queries, 2d S., vol. vi. p. 137.

6 Talfourd, Life and Letters of Charles Lamb,

pt. i. passim.

may happily awaken in you remembrances which I should be sorry should be ever totally extinct-the memory

Of summer days and of delightful years,

even so far back as those old suppers at our old Salutation Inn,-when life was fresh and topics exhaustless-and you first kindled in me, if not the power, yet the love of poetry and beauty and kindliness

What words have I heard

Spoke at the Mermaid.

Charles Lamb's Dedication of his Works to Coleridge.

Salvador House, BISHOPSGATE STREET. Here, in the office of Mr. James Edmeston, architect (d. 1867), Gilbert Scott, when a youth of sixteen, was placed, April 1827, to learn the profession of architect, and remained there till April 1831.1

Sambrook Court, 24 BASINGHALL STREET, so called after Sir Jeremy Sambrook, whose house was here.2 Here practised and died, November 1, 1815, John Coakley Lettsom, M.D.3

Sam's Coffee-house, in EXCHANGE ALLEY; ditto in LUDGATE STREET. See, in the State Poems (8vo, 1697, p. 258), "A Satyr upon the French King; writ after the Peace was concluded at Reswick, anno 1697, by a Non-Swearing Parson, and said to be drop'd out of his Pocket at Sam's Coffee House." See also State Poems, 8vo, 1703, p. 182. Sam's was one of the City houses chosen for receiving subscriptions for the wild projects put forward during the rage for speculation resulting from the publication of the South Sea Scheme: a sample or two will show their character.

January 8, 1720.—This day at Sam's Coffee House, behind the Royal Exchange, at 3 in the afternoon, a book will be opened for entering into a joint co-partnership on a thing that will turn to the advantage of the concerned.

Same day.-£2,000,000 for purchasing and improving Fens in Lincolnshire— Sam's.-Weekly Papers, 1719-1720.

While you at Sam's like a grave doctor sate

Teaching the minor clergy how to prate.-The Observatory.

There are now two large Mulberry Trees growing in a little yard about sixteen foot square at Sam's Coffee House in Ludgate Street.-The City Gardener, by Thomas Fairchild, 8vo, 1722, p. 53.

Sanctuary, WESTMINSTER, a privileged precinct, under the protection of the abbot and monks of Westminster, and adjoining Westminster Abbey on the west and north side. The privileges survived the Reformation, and the bulk of the houses which composed the precinct were not taken down till 1750. In this Sanctuary Edward V. was "born in sorrow, and baptized like a poor man's child;" and here Skelton, the rude-railing satirist, found shelter from the revengeful hand of Cardinal Wolsey.

Sir Thomas More's account of the taking of sanctuary by the widow of Edward IV. is very picturesque.

1 Personal and Professional Recollections

of Sir Gilbert Scott, pp. 55, 68.

2 North's Lives, vol. iii. p. 101.

3 Pettigrew's Life of J. C. Lettsom, 1817. 4 See the oath on admission in Lansdowne MS., No. 24, Art. 84.

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