Therefore nowe she [Queen Elizabeth Woodville] toke her younger sonne the Duke of Yorke and her doughters and went out of the Palays of Westminster into the Sanctuary, and there lodged in the Abbote's Place, and she and all her chyldren and compaignie were registred for sanctuary persons. Whereupon the Bishop [Rotheram, Archbishop of York and Lord Chancellor] called up all his servantes and toke with hym the great seale and came before day to the Quene, about whom he found much heavynesse, rumble, haste, businesse, conveighaunce, and carriage of hir stuffe into sanctuarye; every man was busye to cary, beare and conveigh stuffe, chestes, and fardelles, no man was unoccupied, and some caried more than they were commaunded to another place. The Queen sat alone belowe on the rushes all desolate and dismayde.-Sir Thomas More's Pitifull Life of King Edward V., p. 49; Hall's Union of the Two Noble and Illustre Famelies of Lancastre and Yorke, reprint, p. 350.

In

He

What is styled the Broad Sanctuary contains St. Margaret's Church, the Guild Hall and Sessions House, and the Westminster Hospital. the Broad Sanctuary Edmund Burke resided for many years. begins to date from it November 7, 1772. Sir John Hawkins died, May 21, 1789, at his house by the Broad Sanctuary, formerly the residence of Admiral Vernon. Here are the Westminster Guild Hall, erected in 1805 from the designs of Mr. S. P. Cockerell; Westminster Hospital, erected in 1832 from the designs of Mr. W. Inwood. The portion styled the Sanctuary extends from the open space in front of Westminster Hospital to Great Smith Street. Here are the Central Office of the National Society; and at the south end, facing Dean's Yard, the Memorial to Old Westminsters who died in the Crimean War, designed by Sir Gilbert Scott.

Sands End, CHELSEA. Probably named from the sandy nature of the soil here, although it has been suggested that the name is derived from the Sandys family.

All the grass that Rumney yields,

Or the sands in Chelsey fields,

Or the shops in silver Thames.

Ben Jonson's Song to Celia (The Forest, vi.)

At a house near the creek which divided Chelsea from Fulham Addison occasionally dwelt. In a letter to the youthful Lord Warwick dated May 20, 1708, he wrote in reference to a passage in Cicero's Treatise on Friendship, "If your Lordship understand the sweetness of these words, you may assure yourself you are no ordinary Latinist ; but if they have force enough to bring you to Sandy End I shall be very much pleased."

✓ Sans Souci Theatre, LEICESTER PLACE, LEICESTER SQUARE, a theatre of some distinction in the early part of the present century, built by Thomas Dibdin, the song writer, and opened February 16, 1793. It was first erected behind Dibdin's music shop, in the Strand (opposite Beaufort Buildings), and afterwards removed to Leicester Place. It is now the "Hotel de Paris et de l'Europe." The first theatre was planned, painted, and decorated by Dibdin himself. Edmund Kean, when little more than a child, distinguished himself here by readings and recitations.

VOL. III

Р

Saracen's Head, a celebrated tavern and coaching establishment, which stood on the north side of Snow Hill," without Newgate." It was removed in constructing the Holborn Viaduct. On the new Snow Hill, but some distance from the old inn, another "Saracen's Head Hotel" has been erected, but it is quite unlike its predecessor in appearance and character.

Next to this church [St. Sepulchre's] is a fair and large inn for receipt of travellers, and hath to sign the Saracen's head.—Stow, p. 143.

In the preparations for the reception of the Emperor Charles V. in 1522, is the entry, "The signe of the Sersyns hed: xxx beddes, a stable for xl horses." This shows the importance of the inn at that time. Two other inns have the same stable room, but none make up so many beds.

Methinks, quoth he, it fits like the Saracen's Head without Newgate.-Tarlton's Jests, 4to, 1611.

Do not undervalue an enemy by whom you have been worsted. When our countrymen came home from fighting with the Saracens, and were beaten by them, they pictured them with huge, big, terrible faces (as you still see the sign of the Saracen's Head is), when in truth they were like other men. But this they did to save their own credits.-Selden's Table Talk.

At the Saracen's Head, Tom pour'd in ale and wine,
Until his face did represent the sign.

Osborn's Works, 8vo, 1701, p. 538.

The sign, as long as it remained, was surly and Saracenic enough to remind one of a passage in Fennor's Counter's Commonwealth, where a serjeant of the compter is described with "a phisnomy much resembling the Saracen's head without Newgate, and a mouth as wide vaulted as that without Bishopsgate." 1 "1 Dickens has described the aspect of the Inn in its latter days.

Near to the jail, and by consequence near to Smithfield . . . and on that particular part of Snow Hill, where omnibus horses going eastward seriously think of falling down on purpose, and where horses in hackney cabriolets going westward not unfrequently fall by accident, is the coachyard of the Saracen's Head Inn; its portal guarded by two Saracen's heads and shoulders . . . frowning upon you from each side of the gateway. The Inn itself garnished with another Saracen's head, frowns upon you from the top of the yard. When you walk up this yard you will see the booking-office on your left, and the tower of St. Sepulchre's Church darting abruptly up into the sky on your right, and a gallery of bedrooms upon both sides. Just before you you will observe a long window with the words "Coffee Room " legibly painted above it.-Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby, 1839, chap. iv.

Another well known inn of this name was outside Aldgate.

Nearer Aldgate is the Saracen's Head Inn, which is very large and of a considerable trade.-Strype, B. ii. p. 82.

Sardinia Street, LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS. Duke Street was renamed Sardinia Street in 1878, and the new name was given to it from the chapel formerly belonging to the Sardinian minister situated in the street [see Duke Street].

1 Fennor's Counter's Commonwealth, 4to, 1617, p. 3.

Savile House, on the north side of LEICESTER SQUARE, immediately adjoining Leicester House, and so called after the Savile family, was the residence of Sir George Savile, the friend of Burke. Frederick, Prince of Wales, when living in Leicester House hired Savile House for his children. Savile's Bill for the Relief of the Roman Catholics was one of the stimulants to the Gordon Riots of June 1780, and his house was one of the first attacked by the mob, "carried by storm and given up to pillage," but the building was saved. The railings torn from it were the chief weapons and instruments of the rioters.1 Burke, though his own house was threatened, went to the assistance of his friend.

For four nights I kept watch at Lord Rockingham's or Sir George Savile's whose houses were garrisoned by a strong body of soldiers, together with numbers of true friends of the first rank who were willing to share the danger. Savile House, Rockingham House, Devonshire House, to be turned into garrisons !- Burke to Shackleton (Corresp. vol. ii. p. 355).

When Leicester Square ceased to be a fashionable place of residence, Savile House, rebuilt from the design of Mr. S. Page, was let for exhibitions and entertainments. Here for a long series of years was held Miss Linwood's exhibition of pictures in needlework. In its last years panoramas and poses plastiques were the leading attractions. The house was burnt down to the basement, February 28, 1865, and the site, after remaining empty for many years, was utilised about 1880 for a panorama, and subsequently reformed into the Empire Theatre.

Savile Row, BURLINGTON GARDENS to BOYLE STREET, was so called after the heiress of the Saviles, Dorothy, only daughter and heir of the celebrated George Savile, Marquis of Halifax, and wife of Richard Boyle, Earl of Burlington, the amateur architect.

A new Pile of buildings is going to be carry'd on near Swallow Street by a Plan drawn by the Right Hon. the Earl of Burlington, and which is to be called Savile Street. The Daily Post, March 12, 1733.

Eminent Inhabitants.—Henrietta Hobart, Countess of Suffolk, and mistress of George II.

The Right Honorable the Countess of Suffolk has purchased a large house of Mr. Gray the builder, in Savile Street, Burlington Gardens for £3000.-Daily Courant, February 21, 1735.

Walpole, describing a fire in Vigo Street, April 28, 1761, says: "I went to my Lady Suffolk in Savile Row, and passed the whole night till 3 in the morning, between her little hot bedchamber and the spot, up to my ankles in water without taking cold."2 Bryan Fairfax, "at the south end, in an excellent well-built brick house, held by lease under the Earl of Burlington," as appears from an advertisement of the sale of his pictures inserted in the Public Advertiser of April 5, 1756. Walpole speaks of it in 1761 as "that pretty house of Fairfax's, now General Waldegrave's." It must have been close to the south-east 2 vol. iii. p. 398.

1 Walpole to Rev. W. Cole, June 15, 1780.

corner. In 1781 William Pitt, with his brother Lord Chatham. Writing to Wilberforce for Anderson's Dictionary of Commerce, he says, "If you can find it and spare it, and will trust me with it, pray send it to Savile Street."1 Joseph Hill, the attached friend and correspondent of William Cowper, lived at No. II. In 1797 Henry Crabb Robinson went to him as a clerk at a guinea a week. "He had no general law practice, but was steward to several noblemen."2 Richard Brinsley Sheridan died in the front bedroom of No. 17, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. In a short note to Mr. Rogers, dated Savile Row, May 15, 1816, six weeks before his death, he says: "They are going to put the carpets out of window and break into Mrs. S.'s room and take me; for God's sake let me see you." A present of £150 from Mr. Rogers arrived in time. He had previously lived in No. 14. The Right Hon. George Tierney, a leading member of Parliament in his day, but now chiefly remembered by his duel with Mr. Pitt, fought on Putney Heath at 3 P.M. on Sunday, May 27, 1798. Mr. Tierney died at his house, No. 11 in this Row, January 25, 1830. At No. 20 lived Robert (Bobus) Smith, the brother of the Rev. Sydney Smith. No. 16 was the residence of Sir Benjamin Brodie. No. 12 was for many years the town residence of George Grote, the historian of Greece, and here he died, June 19, 1871.

Saviour's (St.) Church, for the DEAF and DUMB, 272 Oxford Street (the corner of Queen Street), was erected in 1871 from the designs of Mr. (now Sir) A. W. Blomfield, R.A. The church, which is of red brick, Early English in style, a Maltese cross in plan and octagonal above, will accommodate a congregation of 250. The sermon is preached directly by signs, or orally, and interpreted by the sign language. Connected with the church are lecture and reading rooms, where not only lectures are delivered and evening classes taught, but a debating Society is carried on by the "deaf-mutes." The whole is a part of the organisation of the Royal Association in Aid of the Deaf and Dumb, an institution which is doing excellent work among this class of persons.

Saviour's (St.) SOUTHWARK, the church of the Augustinian Priory of St. Mary Overy, and first erected into a parish church by Act of Parliament, 32 Henry VIII. (1540-1541), when the two parishes of St. Margaret and St. Mary Magdalen in Southwark were united, and the church of the Priory of St. Mary Overy made the parish church, and called by the name of St. Saviour's. The priory church of St. Mary Overy was built by Bishop Giffard of Winchester and others about 1106, when the Augustinian Priory was established (or reorganised) by the two Norman knights, William Pont de l'Arche and William Dawncey. One hundred years after much of the borough including the church and part of London Bridge was burnt. It was rebuilt in 1208. 1208 [10th of King John]. And Seynt Marie Overeye was that yere begonne.-Chronicle of London (Nicolas, p. 7).

1 Rose, vol. i. p. 31.

2 H. C. Robinson, vol. i. p. 38.

The church had not been entirely destroyed by the fire, for a beautiful doorway and other traces of Giffard's work were discovered shortly before the demolition of the nave in 1838, and bits of earlier work which have been found at various times, indicate the existence of a church of the Saxon period. In 1238 Peter de Rupibus, then Bishop of Winchester, built the chapel afterwards set apart and used as the parish church. To stimulate the speedier completion of the building the Archbishop of York granted in 1273 an indulgence of eighty days to all who might contribute to the fabric. At the beginning of the 15th century Cardinal Beaufort, son of John of Gaunt, and Bishop of Winchester, spent large sums upon the church in repairs and alterations. His arms and Cardinal's hat are still to be seen carved on a pillar in the south transept. On February 2, 1424-1425, the marriage of James I. of Scotland and Johanna Beaufort was celebrated in this church with the customary pomp. The marriage feast was kept in the Bishop of Winchester's palace close to the church. In 1469 the stone roof of the nave fell and was replaced by the wooden roof, which lasted till the present century. Some of the bosses, curiously carved and with remains of the original colouring still upon them, are preserved in the Lady Chapel. The date of the roof is fixed by the rebus of Henry de Burton, who was Prior of St. Mary Overie in 1469.1 The original form was Overies, and the derivation of the word is given by Somner and quoted by Bosworth. A.S. ofer (genitive, ofres; dative, ofre) means a bank or shore, therefore the meaning of the name is St. Mary of the Bank, or on the Bankside. Overies is probably the genitive ofres, and the s was dropped under the erroneous supposition of its being a plural, like Chinee from Chinese.

In October 1539 the priory was suppressed, the canons were put out and their place taken by secular priests, and the property passed to Sir Anthony Brown, whose son became Viscount Montague. In 1540 the priory was made a parish church-the little church of "Marie Mawdley" (really a chapel attached to the chapel on the south side of the choir) that of St. Margaret's (in the middle of the High Street) being united with it. Some elaborate dealings protracted to the time of James I. took place between the parish and the court, in which the parish was very unfairly treated. The rectory and church buildings now became the property of the parishioners, and have remained so ever since. Alterations have been made by Acts of Parliament in 1868 and 1883, and the right of popular election of the chaplain has ceased.

The three days' "Examinacions of the Constante Martir of God, M. John Bradfourde, before the Lorde Chancellour, B. of Winchester, the B. of London, and other Commissioners," were held in this church

in January 1555. Bradford was one of the most illustrious of the Marian martyrs, and no efforts were spared to convert him. After each day's examination he was taken to the "revestry" of this church

1 Quarterly Review, vol. clxx. p. 397.