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George Grote the historian. It also includes the valuable library of the late Professor Augustus De Morgan.

University Street, TOTTENHAM COURT ROAD and Gower Street. At No. 22 in this street died, March 8, 1833, John Thomas Smith, Keeper of Prints in the British Museum, whose services to London topography must be honourably mentioned in every account of the great City.

Upholders' Company. This Company was founded between 1460 and 1465, and a coat of arms was granted on December 11 of that year. A charter was given by Charles I. in 1626 to the Company under the title of the Master, Wardens and Commonalty of the Mystery or Art of the Upholders of the City of London. This Company ranks forty-ninth among the City Guilds. They have a livery but no hall.

Uxbridge House, BURLINGTON GARDENS, the corner of Old Burlington Street, was designed 1790-1792 by John Vardy, who was assisted in the front by Joseph Bonomi, A.R.A., on the site of Queensberry House (designed by G. Leoni,1 1726), the London residence of the Duke and Duchess of Queensberry, who befriended Gay. It was the town residence of the Earl of Uxbridge (Marquis of Anglesea), who was living here in 1815 immediately before the battle of Waterloo, where he commanded the British cavalry and lost his leg. He died here, April 29, 1854, in his eighty-sixth year. The house is now the Western Branch of the Bank of England, and has of course been greatly altered to adapt it to banking purposes, and offices have been added at the back and fronting Savile Row, but the principal rooms on the first floor retain their stately carved marble fireplaces and other decorative features.

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Vandon Street, WESTMINSTER. This was formerly Little George Street, and on a stone on the front of one of the houses is the inscription, "This is George Street, 1717.”

Vandun's Almshouses, PETTY FRANCE, afterwards YORK STREET, WESTMINSTER, so called after their founder, Cornelius Van Dun, a native of Breda, in Brabant, and a soldier under Henry VIII. at the siege of Tournay (d. 1577). His monument in the church of St. Margaret, Westminster (engraved by J. T. Smith), represents him in his dress as one of the yeomen of the guard to Queen Elizabeth. The almshouses which were for eight poor women have been abolished, and the "Vandon Charity" is otherwise appropriated.

Vaudeville Theatre, 404 STRAND, a small theatre, insignificant outside, but with a pretty and convenient interior, was erected in 1870, and is chiefly devoted to comedy and burlesque. It has been lately distinguished by the production of plays grounded on Fielding's novels.

1 There is an engraving of it by Picart, 1726.

Vauxhall, FAUKESHALL, or FOXHALL, a manor in Surrey, properly Fulke's Hall, and so called from Fulke de Breauté, the celebrated mercenary follower of King John.

Fulke de Breauté married Margaret, Earl Baldwin's mother, and thus obtained the wardship of her son; he appears to have built a hall, or mansion-house, in the manor of South Lambeth during his tenure of it; and from his time it was called indifferently Faukeshall, or South Lambeth, and is so termed in the tenth year of Edward I.-T. Hudson Turner, Archæol. Journal, No. xv. p. 275.

Edward II. granted the manor of Faukeshall to Roger Damorie. Upon his attainder, for taking part with the Barons against the King about two years afterwards, it was granted to Hugh le Despencer; who being executed in 1326, the manor appears to have been restored to the widow of Roger Damorie, who gave it to King Edward III. in exchange for some lands in Suffolk. It was afterwards granted to Edward the Black Prince, and by him given to the church of Canterbury, to which it still belongs; King Henry VIII. having given it to the Dean and Chapter on the suppression of the Monastery.-Lysons, vol. i. p. 231.

There is a view of the old manor-house in Wilkinson's Londina Illustrata. It was afterwards known as Copped or Copt Hall; and here Lady Arabella Stuart was confined, under the custody of Sir Thomas Parry.

The Earl of Worcester is buying Fauxhall from Mr. Trenchard, to bestow the use of that house upon Gaspar Calehof and his son as long as they shall live; for he intends to make it a college of artizans.-Hartlib to Boyle, May, 1654 (Weld's Royal Society, vol. i. p. 53).

At Vaux Hall, Sir Samuel Moreland built a fine Room, anno 1667; the inside all of Looking Glass, and Fountains very pleasant to behold, which is much visited by strangers; it stands in the middle of the Garden, . . . Foot square, high, covered with Cornish Slate; on the front whereof he placed a Punchanello, very well carved, which held a Dial; but the winds have demolished it.—Aubrey's Surrey, vol. i. p. 12.

Lysons says that Morland's house was converted into a distillery in 1725, and it was still used as a distillery when he wrote in 1790; but there is some uncertainty as to the exact site of the house. Tradition has associated the name of Guido Fawkes with Vauxhall, but it is certain that he never had any connection with the place. It appears, however, that a house or store by the waterside at Vauxhall was hired by Robert Kayes, who was hanged and quartered along with Fawkes, Rookwood and Winter in Old Palace Yard, January 31, 1606. This house, which stood on a part of the present Nine Elms Station of the South-Western Railway, "was casually burnt down to the ground by powder" in 1634.1

Ambrose Phillips, the poet, died at his lodgings, Vauxhall, June 18, 1749. When every movement of Wilkes was watched and reported upon to the Secretaries of State, he frequently went to "one Mr. Kerr's at Vauxhall, where Mr. Churchill lodges." 2

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Vauxhall Bridge, an iron bridge over the Thames at Vauxhall, communicating with Millbank on the left bank of the river. It was built from the designs of James Walker, C. E.; and was originally called

1 Sermon by Dr. Featley quoted by Lysons, vol. i. p. 233; and by Brayley, History of Surrey vol. iii. p. 348. 2 Grenville Papers, vol. ii. p. 156.

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Regent's Bridge, the first stone having been laid, May 9, 1811, by Lord
Dundas as proxy for the Prince Regent. The works were suspended
for a time, and on August 21, 1813, Prince Charles of Brunswick laid
the first stone of the abutments on the Surrey side. The bridge was
It consists of nine arches, each of 78 feet span,
opened June 4, 1816.
and cost about £300,000. In 1879 it was purchased by the Metro-
politan Board of Works for £255,230, and opened to the public toll
free.

Vauxhall Bridge Road extends from Vauxhall Bridge and
A portion of
Besborough Gardens, the western end of Victoria Street.
the site formerly occupied by the Neathouse Gardens was raised to a
level with Pimlico by the use of soil transported from St. Katherine's
On this made ground the upper part
when the docks were formed.
In 1865 several terraces and places were
of the road was built.
renamed, and 325 houses renumbered as Vauxhall Bridge Road.

Vauxhall Gardens, on the Surrey side of the Thames, and a short distance east of Vauxhall Bridge, over against Millbank, a place of public resort from the reign of Charles II. almost to the present time, and celebrated for its walks, lit with thousands of lamps; its musical and other performances; its suppers, including ham cut in wafery slices, and its fireworks. The Gardens were formed circ. 1661, and originally called "The New Spring Gardens," to distinguish them from the Old Spring Gardens at Charing Cross.

Not much unlike what His Majesty has already begun by the wall from Old Spring Gardens to St. James's in that Park, and is somewhat resembled in the New Spring Garden at Lambeth.-Evelyn's Fumifugium, 1661.

July 2, 1661.—I went to see the New Spring Garden at Lambeth, a pretty contrived plantation.—Evelyn.

Balthazar Monconys, in his Voyage d'Angleterre, 1633, describes the Jardins Printemps at Lambeth as having "lawns and gravel walks, dividing squares of 20 or 30 yards enclosed with hedges of gooseberry trees, within which were planted roses " and other flowers and shrubs.

June 20, 1665.-Thanksgiving Day for victory over the Dutch. . . . By water to Fox Hall [Vauxhall], and there walked an hour alone, observing the several humours of the citizens that were there this holyday, pulling off cherries, and God knows what.-Pepys.

May 28, 1667.-I by water to Foxhall and there walked in Spring Garden. A great deal of company, and the weather and garden pleasant, and it is very pleasant and cheap going thither, for a man may go to spend what he will, or nothing, all is But to hear the nightingale and other birds, and other fiddles and there a harp, and here a Jew's trump, and here laughing and there fine people walking is mighty divertising.-Pepys.

one.

May 30, 1668.-Over to Fox Hall, and there fell into the company of Harry Killigrew, a rogue newly come back out of France, but still in disgrace'at our Court, and young Newport and others, as very rogues as any in the town, who were ready And so to supper in an arbour: to take hold of every woman that come by them.

but Lord! their mad talk did make my heart ake.-Pepys.

Pepys moralises as he makes the entry in his Journal, "But Lord! what loose company was this, that I was in to-night, though full of wit;

and worth a man's being in for once, to know the nature of it, and their manner of talk and lives." And then he went again, the next day but one (the next day was "the Lord's Day," so he could not go then), to learn a little more of the nature of it.

June 1, 1668.-Alone to Fox Hall, and walked and saw young Newport and two more rogues of the town seize on two ladies, who walked with them an hour with their masks on (perhaps civil ladies); and there I left them.-Pepys.

July 27, 1668.-Over the water with my wife and Deb and Mercer to Spring Garden, and there eat and walked; and observe how rude some of the young gallants of the town are become, to go into people's arbors where there are not men, and almost force the women; which troubled me, to see the confidence of the vice of the age: and so we away by water with much pleasure home.-Pepys.

Hippolita. Not suffered to see a play in a twelvemonth!—

Prue. Nor go to Punchinello, nor Paradise!—

Hippolita. Nor to take a ramble to the Park nor Mulberry Garden !-

Prue. Nor to Totnam Court, nor Islington !—

Hippolita. Nor to eat a syllabub in New Spring Garden with cousin !—Wycherley, The Gentleman Dancing Master, 4to, 1673.

Cunningham. No, Madam, you conquer like the King of France.

for ever after are at rest.

Your subjects

Thisbe. You said as much to the flame-coloured Petticoat in New Spring Garden.—Sedley, Bellamira, 4to, 1687.

Mrs. Frail. A great piece of business to go to Covent Garden Square in a hackney-coach, and take a turn with one's friend! If I had gone to Knightsbridge, or to Chelsea, or to Spring Garden or to Barn Elms, with a man alone, something might have been said.-Congreve, Love for Love, 4to, 1695.

Lady Fancyful. 'Tis infallibly some intrigue that brings them to Spring Garden. -Vanbrugh, The Provoked Wife, 4to, 1697.

Wycherley has other references besides that we have quoted. Vanbrugh lays one of his liveliest scenes in the Spring Garden; Etherege, in his She Would if She Could; and other dramatists speak of Foxhall or Spring Gardens in passages indicating with sufficient plainness the character of the place.

The Great Spring Garden, commonly called the New Spring Garden at Fox Hall, with several acres of Land, and Houses, is to be sold. Inquire of Mrs. Eliz. Plant at Fox Hall near the Garden.-London Gazette, No. 3006, p. 1694.

The ladies that have an inclination to be private take delight in the close walks of Spring Gardens,-where both sexes meet, and mutually serve one another as guides to lose their way, and the windings and turnings in the little Wildernesses are so intricate, that the most experienced mothers have often lost themselves in looking for their daughters.-Tom Brown's Amusements, 8vo, 1700, p. 54.

May 17, 1711.-I was this evening with Lady Kerry and Miss Pratt at Vauxhall to hear the nightingales, but they are almost past singing.-Swift to Stella.

May 24, 1714.-We went by water to Fox Hall and the Spring Garden. I was surprised with so many pleasant walks, etc., so near London.-Thoresby's Diary, vol. ii. p. 215.

I immediately recollected that it was my good friend Sir Roger's voice, and that I had promised to go with him on the water to Spring Garden, in case it proved a good evening. We were now arrived at Spring Garden, which is exquisitely pleasant at this time of the year. When I considered the fragrancy of the walks and bowers, with the choirs of birds that sung upon the trees, and the loose tribe of people that walked under their shades, I could not but look on the place as a kind of Mahometan Paradise. Sir Roger told me it put him in mind of a little coppice

by his house in the country, which his chaplain used to call an Aviary of Nightingales. He here fetched a deep sigh, and was falling into a fit of musing, when a Mask who came behind him, gave him a gentle tap on the shoulder, and asked him if he would drink a bottle of Mead with her? But the Knight being startled at so unexpected a familiarity, and displeased to be interrupted in his thoughts of the widow, told her "she was a wanton baggage," and bid her go about her business. We concluded our walk with a glass of Burton ale and a slice of hung beef.- The Spectator, No. 383.

We hear very little of New Spring Gardens between 1712 and the great period of their reopening, under the management of Jonathan Tyers, on June 7, 1732, with an entertainment called Ridotto al fresco, at which the Prince of Wales was present, two-thirds of the company appearing in masks, dominoes, or lawyers' gowns. Admission tickets were charged a guinea each. Tyers was unceasing in his endeavours to enlarge the beauty and attractions of the grounds. Hogarth executed several pictures for the rooms, and Tyers presented him with a gold admission medal for himself and friends, bearing the inscription, In perpetuam Beneficii Memoriam. Roubiliac's first work in England was a statue of Handel made for Vauxhall Gardens. Roubiliac is said to have owed his introduction to his first patron, Sir Edward Walpole, to an advertisement he put forth of his having found, on his way home from Vauxhall, a pocket-book containing a considerable number of banknotes, and some papers, apparently of consequence to the owner; their owner was Sir Edward Walpole. The price of admission was Is. up to the summer of 1792, when it was raised to 2s. Subsequently it was raised to 4s., but in 1850 it was 1s. again. Vocal music was introduced for the first time by Mr. Tyers in 1745. Fireworks were not exhibited till 1798, and even then not constantly displayed.

The coaches being come to the water-side, they all alighted, and getting into one boat, proceeded to Vauxhall. The extreme beauty and elegance of this place is well known to almost every one of my readers; and happy is it for me that it is so; since to give an adequate idea of it would exceed my power of description.—Fielding, Amelia, B. ix. chap. ix.

Tom Tyers was the son of Mr. Jonathan Tyers, the founder of that excellent place of public amusement, Vauxhall Gardens, which must ever be an estate to its proprietor, as it is peculiarly adapted to the taste of the English nation; there being a mixture of curious show, gay exhibition, musick, vocal and instrumental, not too refined for the general ear,—for all which only a shilling is paid,—and though last not least, good eating and drinking for those who choose to purchase that regale.— Boswell, by Croker, p. 599.

Friday, April 21, 1749, was performed at Vauxhall Gardens the rehearsal of the music for the fireworks, by a band of 100 musicians, to an audience of above 12,000 persons (tickets 2s. 6d.) So great a resort occasioned such a stoppage on London Bridge [then the only bridge over the Thames below Kingston], that no carriage could pass for three hours. The footmen were so numerous as to obstruct the passage, so that a scuffle happened, in which some gentlemen were wounded.Gent. Mag., 1749, vol. xix. p. 185.

June 23, 1750.-I had a card from Lady Caroline Petersham to go with her to Vauxhall. I went accordingly to her house and found her and the little Ashe, or the Pollard Ashe as they call her; they had just finished their last layer of red, and looked as handsome as crimson could make them. We marched to our barge, with a boat of French horns attending and little Ashe singing. We paraded

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