No. 2. Bitwene the toune and the ramperts of the cittadle their is a fyne open spaice, planted with a variaty of trees, and ornamented with resservoires and fowntaines; and in the subberbs are menny nuly bilt and hansom terrasses. The city its self is ill layed out: its streats are narow and steap, and its squaires small and iregguler: but the houses are gennarelly good, and it is kept rimarkebly clene. The pubblic bildings are quite unwurthey of so considdereble a city. Their are sevaral chirches, but none of them dimand pertyculer noatice. The cathederel is destinguished from the rest onely by beeing larger and uglyer. A singuler looking porche, and a towar at three angles of the naive, are the principle exturnal feetures of this eddefice. Ajacent to it is the schole of medecin, ockepying what was formarly the bisshops pallece, an exstensiv manshion, with sevarel fyne appartmants. This schole, fownded by the Arrabs when they were drove from Spayne, injoys a well diserved selebbraty as one of the best conduckted estabbleshments in the kindom; and is the soul rimaining rellick of the wonce rinouned universaty. It has a fyne amphy theater; an exammenation-hall, in which is an anteaque bust of the fownder of meddicle siance; a counsel-hall with pourtretts of proffessors from the erlyest pearyod, a library of therty-fyve thousend vollums, includeing menney edditions. of the fifteenth sentuary, and numarus vallueble mannuskrepts in diffarant Uropian and Ashiattic langwedges; an exstensiv annatomicle mewseam, and sevaral spacious labborretories. The genaral hospetle has acomodation for upwards of six hunderd patiants, and there is also a large and well regulaited loonattic asilam. No. 3. The smawl farmes, betwean five and ten akers, which abbounde in menny parts of Beljeum, have much resemblense to the smawl holdings in Ireland; but wheil the Iresh cultevvatur exsists in a state of missurrebel privashun of the commun conveneanses of civveleized life, the Beljean pessant farmer injoys, comparritivly, a grate degree of cumfurt. His cottaje is bilt substancielly, with an uppar floar for sleping, and is kept in good repare; it has olways a smawl cellerage for the dairey, a stoar-room for the grane, an oven, a shead for pottatos, a roomey cattel-stall, and a loft for powltrey. The firniture is deasent, the bedding ampley suffishant, and an air of cumfurt and proppryety purvaids the whole estabbleshmant. The cows is supplyed with straw to ly upon; the premmisses is kept ecstreamley neet, with a constent hobservense of the most rigged eakonnemy, industery, and reggulairety. No membur of the fammely is evvar scene ragged or sluvvenley, but all are deasently cloathd, tho it be with the coursest metteariels. The men younivverselly wurk in linnen canvass froks, and both wimmen and men ware wooddan shoes. Ry bred and milk princeply constetuwt there diat. Mashd pottatos and uniuns, with occasiunnaly sleises of bakon, are the usuel artikals for dinnur. The grate superiorety of the Beljean over the Iresh pessant farmer is owing not to anney adventejes of soyle or cleimat, but to a better sistim of cultevashun, and espeshally to estableshed habbets of sobbriaty, fourthought, and cakonnemy. No. 4. Olliver Crumwel, who in this extrordenerry manner razed himself to the soopream sovaranty of Ingland, Schotland, and Ireland, was a man of wunderfull tallants, and not natturelly of a sevear or rivenjefull desposition. He made the kindoms which he rooled formedeble to forign powars, and peraps no govarment was evar moare rispected abroad than that of the Lord Protecktor. At hoame he had a verry difucult taske to purform, in ordar to manteign his userped orthorrety. He was obbliged on sevaral ocasions to convoake some kynde of sennate or parlemant consisting of is owne creetures, who mite appere to devide with him the powar and risponsabillity, and thus saive him the odeum of govvurning by his soul orthorrety. But such was the spirret of the Inglish nation that whenevar Crumwel convoaked a parlemant, though it was compoased in grate meisure of his owne partezans, and though the rimaynder were steudyusly silected for their ignaranse and insigneffecanse, they bigan imedyatly to propose meisures which intarfeared with his asumtion of absalute powar. In adition to this, the varyous facktions into wich the contrey was devided all aggreed in haiting the userper, and were freaquantley ingaiged in conspirricies agenst him, which ware concieved and carryed on not only by Cavveliers and Presbitearians, but by Republecans, and even by soildyers of his owne armey. Agenst all these ennemies, however, Crumwell difended himself with consumate sagasety. No. 5. Butt awl thees glowrees and subbstanchal advanttadges were butt the gylding off the chanes of servittude. The Peenal Code made its appeerance early in the yere, and of the crymes which it ennumerrated, no less then hafe where stait ofences, so minnuteley subbdivieded and speceifyed, as in affect to render ameenable to punnishment evry won obnokshus in the smawlest deggree to goverment. By a decree issued in the springe of the saim yere, aite stait prissons were established in Franse, and were sune filled with a strainge and inkongrous asemblaige. Thoes in the Northe was cheifly occuppied by Demmocrats, thoes in the Southe by eclessiasticks whoe had being innvolved in the fawl of the Pope; butt nummbers were imeured for no other recson thann having aksidentelly exsited the gellocy of the Emperour or his minnisters. An orrder, sined by Napolian or his Minnister of Pollice, was a suffishent warrent, not onely in Franse, but throwout Jermeny and Ittaly, for the arrest of enny individuel, whoe was parraided throw the townes loded with chanes leike a mallifacter, and then consined to the gluemy oblivvion of the stait prissons. The eunniversallety of the imperiel sweigh aded feerfuly to its terors; exept in Rusha, Turky, or Brittain, Urop aforded no aseylam for the viktim of tiranic pursicuteon. A desspotisem was thus afectuelly manetaned, unparraleled for rigger and severrity in moddern tymes; not a wispur of disscontent or ressistence was herd; and awl clases vyed in addulashon of the rewlor whoe was vissibly draneing the hart's blud of the kuntery. No. 6. We have had allreddy sufishient occassion, dureing the coarse of this histery, to menshon the disspencing pouer of imprissonment, of eksacting lones and bennevolences, of pressing and quortering solediers, of alterring the kustums, of errecting monnopollies. Thees branchs of pouer, if not dirreckly oposit to the principals of all free guverment, must, at least, be aknolledged to be dainjerous to fredom in a monnarkikal constittution, where an eeturnel jellocy must be presserved agenst the suveran, and no disskreshonary pouers must evver be intrusted to him, by witch the proppertie or pursonel libbarty of enny subjecte can be effected. The kings of Ingland howevver had allmost konstantly exersised thees pouers; and if on enny occassion the Prinss had being oblidged to submitt to lause ennacted agenst them, he had evver, in practise, illewded theese lause, and reterned to the saim arbittrery adminnistraition. Dureing allmost three sentcherries before the accession of James, the reegal orthorety, in awl thees pertikelers, had never onse been kalled in questshun. Wee mai allso obssurve that the principals in generel, witch prevvaled during that aije, was so feverable to monnerkie, that thay bestoed on it an orthorety allmost abbsolute and unlimmited, sacredd and indefeesable. The meatings of Parlyment was so pricareous; there cessions so short, cumpaired to the vaccations; that wen men's eyes were terned upwerds in serch of suveran pouer, the Prinss aloan was apped to streik them as the onely purmenent madjestrate, envested with the hole madjesty and orthorety of the stait. The grate complaissence two of Parlyments, dureing so long a pierreod had ecstreemly diggraded and obskewered those assemblys: and as awl instences of oposition to perogative must have been draun from a remoat aije, they had the less orthorety even with thoes who ware akwainted with them. READING ADDRESSES. The following extract from a Memorandum sent to Examiners in the country will show the method pursued in examining Post Office candidates in "Reading the addresses of letters" : "The Examiner* is requested to ascertain carefully whether the candidate can read handwriting with facility, by requiring him to read the addresses of a variety of letters, such as may happen to be in the office at the time; and to forward a report on the subject. Twenty letters in various handwritings should be given, and the number of addresses read correctly and without hesitation should be noted on the report." * i.e., the Postmaster. SUBJECTS FOR ENGLISH COMPOSITION. [N.B.-The time allowed was generally 2 hours, in some cases 3 hours. No candidate was required to write on more than one subject. On each paper the following notices were given : In this exercise attention should be paid to handwriting, spelling punctuation, grammar, and style. The composition should fill not less than two folio pages.] No. 1. A description of any kind of game which you have been in the habit of playing or seeing played. or A consideration of the chief points which constitute excellence in a novel. No. 2. I. The Cow, and its usefulness to man. II. A letter to a friend in India, giving an account of what has passed in England during the last few months. No. 3. I. Write a short description of any remarkable place which you have seen, or of which you have heard or read. II. On Coal, and its uses. No. 4. I. Write a short description of any celebrated battle. No. 5. I. The objects, perils, and results of Arctic expeditions. No. 6. I. On the anticipated visit of the Prince of Wales to Canada. II. A letter to a friend in England, inviting him to come and travel with you in Ireland. (Set to candidates in Ireland.) No. 7. I. Write a letter to a friend, giving a description of any school you ever were at, and of the life you led there. II. Write a short account of the life and character of Queen Elizabeth or of Napoleon Buonaparte. No. 8. I. Whom do you think the three greatest men who have lived during the last hundred years? Sketch the life and character of each of the three you name, so as to justify the selection. II. On Photography. No. 9. I. An essay on Handwriting: noticing (1) the chief points of excellence in handwriting; (2) the most common defects; (3) the value of good handwriting in various positions of life, &c., &c. II. A letter to a friend inviting him to travel with you through any part of England, Scotland, or Ireland. No. 10. I. Supposing that a friend, having two months' holiday, has written to ask your advice as to the best means of spending it; write a letter in reply. II. On the disturbances in Syria. No. 11. I. On Cotton: Its culture, manufacture, and uses; its social, commercial, and political importance. II. The advantages to be derived from the study of foreign languages. No. 12. I. On Cotton: Its culture, manufacture, and uses; its social, commercial, and political importance. II. Describe, as clearly as you can, any battle by land or sea. No. 13. I. Give on account of the proceedings of any trial which you ever read of, or at which you were present. II. Write a letter as to a friend, describing the buildings in the neighbourhood of the office of the Civil Service Commission, the purposes they are applied to, and anything that appears to you. of interest in connexion with them. No. 14. I. On the recent military successes in China. II. On "Civilization;" explaining what is meant by the term, and comparing any two countries, one of which is civilized and the other barbarous. I. On the Navy of England. No. 15. [You may either compare it with that of any other country, or treat the subject in any way you prefer.] II. Compare the English national character with that of any other nation. |