23. How many are 54 and 6?— how many are 6 and 54? Then 6 from 60 leaves how many?-54 from 60 leaves how many?

24. How many are 68 and 4?-how many are 4 and 68? Then 4 from 72 leaves how many?-68 from 72 leaves how many?

25. How many are 79 and 8?- how many are 8 and 79? Then 8 from 87 leaves how many?-79 from 87 leaves how many?

26. How many are 87 and 5?-how many are 5 and 87? Then 5 from 92 leaves how many?-87 from 92 leaves how many?

SECTION 5.

MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES.

1. George and David went out to gather lilies; George got 56, and David 49. On the way home, George gave David S. How many had each boy then?

Solution. At first, George had 56; he gave away 8; 8 from 56 leaves 48......At first, David had 49; he received 8 more; 49 and 8 are 57.

2. A clerk went out to collect some money. Ile received 60 dollars from one man, 9 dollars from another, and 20 from another; and he paid a debt of 7 dollars. How many dollars had he to bring in?

Solution. 60 and 9 are 69, and 20 are 89;-this is the number of dollars he collected. He then paid 7 dollars. 7 from 89 leaves 82.

3. Harriet answered 23 questions in arithmetic, and Mary answered 7 more than Harriet. How many questions did they both answer?

4. Edward answered 36 questions in arithmetic, and Stephen answered 6 less than Edward. How many questions did they both answer?

5. A blacksmith who had 100 dollars, laid his money out as follows-For iron 66 dollars, for steel 30 dollars, and the remainder for coal. How many dollars did he pay for coal?

6. A carpenter paid 31 dollars for boards, 10 dollars for shingles, 6 dollars for nails, and 5 dollars for screws. How many dollars did he spend?

7. A trader gave 48 dollars for a chest of tea, and 3 dollars for getting it home,, For how much must he sell the tea, in order to gain 8 dollars?

8. If I have 70 dollars on hand, and pay out 4 dollars to one man, 20 to another, and 30 to another, how many dollars shall I have remaining?

9. A gentleman travelled 8 miles before breakfast, 30 more before dinner, and 40 more after dinner. How many miles did he travel during the day?

10. A merchant, who had 80 barrels of flour, sold to one man 52 barrels, to another 6 barrels, and to another 5 barrels. How many barrels had he left?

11. Oliver's penknife is worth 33 cents, and Edwin's is worth only 19 cents. Now if they exchange penknives, how many cents must Edwin give Oliver?

12. Arthur's penknife was worth 25 cents, and Walter's was worth only 18 cents: still, A. gave W. 6 cents to exchange. How much did A. lose?

13. On the Fourth of July, Robert had 50 cents given him. He spent 6 cents for fruit, 12 cents for confectionary, 20 cents for a picture of Gen. Washington, and gave away 5 cents. How many cents had he left?

14. Leonard has 32 cents, and Albert has 49. How many cents has Albert more than Leonard?

15. Francis being asked how old he was, answered, that in 14 years more, he should be 25 years old. How old was he, at the time he was asked?

16. If a cow be worth 22 dollars, and a calf 5 dollars, how much more is the cow worth than the calf?

17. A jockey gave 85 dollars for a horse, and sold him for 68 dollars. How much did he lose?

18. A trader gave 83 dollars for a hogshead of sugar, and sold it for 96 dollars. How much did he gain? 19. A farmer gave 24 dollars for a cart, and 12 dollars for a plough. How many dollars did both cost?

20. If a gold watch be worth 64 dollars, and a gold chain 18 dollars, how much are they both worth?

21. A man gave 13 dollars for the improvement of a piece of ground, paid 36 dollars for having it cultivated, and then sold the produce for 48 dollars. How many dollars did he lose?

22. A market-man bought some butter for 8 dollars, some cheese for 15 dollars, and some poultry for 12 dollars; and then sold the whole for 39 dollars. Did he gain or lose? and how much?

23. John bought a penknife for 25 cents; he exchanged it for a better one, paying 16 cents, and then sold the better one for 40 cents. Did he gain or lose?— and how much?

24. A gentleman gave 32 dollars for a piece of cloth, and 13 dollars for having it made into a suit of clothes How much did the suit cost?

25. A tailor gave 54 dollars for some cloth and trimmings; he made the whole into clothes, which he sold for 72 dollars. How much did he gain by the work?

26. If a man, having 50 dollars, should buy a barrel of sugar for 24 dollars, and a barrel of molasses for 13 dollars, how many dollars would he have left?

27. A scholar gave 55 cents for a geography, and 42 cents for an arithmetic. What did he give for both?

28. Ellen had 30 cents; her father gave 16 more, and her mother 10 more; she then bought a book for 45 cents How many cents had she remaining?

29. James had 38 cents, and his father gave him 14 more-William had 33 cents, and his father gave him 19 more. Which boy then had the most money?

30. Lucy has 75 cents, and she intends buying a book, that will cost 63 cents. How much money has she more than the book will cost?

31. A grocer purchased some oranges for 18 dollars, some lemons for 8 dollars, some raisins for 4 dollars, and some figs for 6 dollars; and then sold the whole for 44 dollars. Did he gain or lose? and how much?

32. A company marched 82 miles in three days. It marched 25 miles the first day, 36 miles the second day, and the remainder of the distance the third day. How many miles did it march the third day?

CHAP. IV.

MULTIPLICATION.

Note to Teachers. In the second and third sections of this chapter, the learners are required to find the products of factors as high as 10 and 20. There are few scholars, who will easily commit these products to memory; and it will, therefore, be necessary to adopt a mental process, by which they may readily be found. The following example will show the process.

Question. How many are 8 times 16? Solution. 16 is made up of 10 and 6. Eight times ten are eighty; eight times six are forty-eight. 80 and 48 are 128.

SECTION 1.

1. On the Fourth of July, George and Richard went to the Celebration, and whenever George spent 1 cent, Richard spent 7. In the course of the day, George spent 6 cents. How many did Richard spend?

Solution. Richard must have spent six times seven cents. 6 times 7 are 42.

2. If 4 yards of cloth are required to make 1 cloak, how many yards are required to make 5 cloaks?

3. If I boat will carry 5 men across the river, how many men will 3 boats of the same size carry ?

4. If a man can earn 8 dollars in one week, how many dollars can he earn in 3 weeks?

5. If a traveller ride 6 miles in one hour, how many miles can he ride in 9 hours?

6. In a garden, there are 5 rows of plum trees; 8 trees in each row. How many trees are there in the garden? 7. In a field there are 8 rows of apple trees; 5 trees in each row. How many trees are there in the field?

8. There were 7 boys, who gave a poor man, 4 cents apiece. How many cents did the man receive?

9. How many merit-marks will Susan get in 6 days, provided she gets 4 every day?

10. How many errors will Jane make in S days, provided she makes 3 errors every day?

11. If the price of 1 quart of nuts be 7 cents, for how many cents can you buy 7 quarts?

12. If you should read 9 pages every day, how many pages would you read in 8 days?

13. How many dollars must I pay for 9 yards of cloth, that is worth 6 dollars a yard?

14. How many dollars must I pay for 9 barrels of flour, when the price is 7 dollars a barrel?

15. If 4 bushels of wheat are required for 1 barrel of flour, how many bushels are required for 8 barrels ?

16. What is the cost of 7 reams of letter paper, that is sold at 6 dollars per ream?

17. How much will a market-man get for 10 melons, if he sell them at 9 cents apiece?

18. If a man can earn 9 dollars in one month, how many dollars can he earn in 6 months?

SECTION 2.

1. John and Henry together, caught 13 fishes every morning; and it always happened, that John caught 10 of them, and Henry 3. Now how many did each boy catch in 6 mornings?—Then how many did they both catch in 6 mornings?

2. 10 and what number make 13? How many are 6 times 10? 6 times 3? How many are 60 and 18?— Then 6 times 13 are how many?

3. If the diamond in a ring cost 10 dollars, and the ring 4 dollars, what does the diamond-ring cost? What would 5 diamonds cost? What would 5 rings cost?Then what would 5 diamond-rings cost?

4. 10 and what number make 14? How many are 5 times 10? 5 times 4? How many are 50 and 20?— Then 5 times 14 are how many?

5. A Northern hunter received a bounty of 10 dollars from the state, and 5 from the county, for killing a wolf: how much did he receive from both? How much would he receive from the state for killing 7 wolves? How much from the county for killing 7-Then how much from state and county both for killing 7?.

6. 10 and what number make 15? How many are 7 times 10? 7 times 5? How many are 70 and 35 ?— Then 7 times 15 are how many?

7. A man hired a horse and gig, to pay 10 cents a mile for the horse, and 6 cents a mile for the gig.

How