phia, $4537046.16; at Boston, $7203048.52; at Baltimore, $836437.99. How much more was collected at the port of New York than at the other three?

52. A man engaging in trade, found, at the end of five years, that he had increased his capital ten thousand three hundred and ten dollars, and that his whole capital amounted to fortyix thousand five hundred dollars. How much did he cominence with?

53. The minuend exceeds the remainder by 683021, and the remainder is 902563. What is the subtrahend?

54. The amount of tea consumed in the United States in the year 1846, was 16891020 pounds; the amount of coffee, 124336054 pounds. How many more pounds of coffee than of tea were consumed ?

55. What number is that to which, if you add 3726, the sum will be ten thousand?

56. From a stack of hay containing 9 T. 3 qr. 20 lb., I sold 4 T. 17 cwt. 22 lb. How much was then left?

57. A owes B £25; after paying him £5 94d., how much will he still owe him?

58. If the distance from New York to Liverpool be 3100 miles, what distance remains after a ship has sailed 800 mi. 5 fur 36 rd.?

59. Mr. Jones bought a farm for three thousand five hun dred dollars and fifty cents; he sold the same for three thou sand three hundred dollars and eighty-seven and a half cents how much did he lose by the bargain?

60. If a lot of goods is bought for $750, and sold for $925.87, what will be gained?

61. If I buy a bushel of wheat for $1.87; ten gallons of molasses for $2.50; five yards of cloth for $12.37: how much change must I receive back, if I give in payment two tendollar bills?

62. The population of the United States in the year 1850 was 23191876, of which 3204313 were slaves: what was the frec population?

63. England contains 50922 square miles; Scotland, 31324 square miles; Wales, 7398 square miles; the United States contain 2988892 square miles. How many more square miles does the United States contain than the whole of Great Britain?

64. A gentleman of fortune owning an estate of two hundred thousand dollars, bequeathed thirty thousand dollars to objects of charity; twenty-five thousand two hundred and fifty dollars to each of his three sons; twenty thousand five hundred and seventy-five dollars to his daughter; and the remainder to his widow. How much did the widow receive?

65. The population of New Orleans, in 1850, was 116375; in 1854 it was 139190: what was the increase in four years?

66. Having deposited $1500 in a bank, I drew out at one time, $475.12; at another time, $300; at another, $526,25: how much remained?

67. If the Declaration of Independence was made at precisely 12 o'clock, on the 4th day of July, 1776: how much time will have passed to the 4th day of March, 1857, at 30 minutes past 3 o'clock, P. M.?

68. If I borrow $1576 of a friend, and afterwards pay him $920.87: how much will I still owe him?

69. The first settlement made in the United States was at Jamestown, in Virginia, May 23, 1607: how many years, months, and days, from that time to the 4th of July, 1856.

"0. The sum of two numbers is 36804, and the greater is eighteen thousand nine hundred and twenty-seven: what is the less number?

71. The revenue of the United States in the year 1853 was $61337574; the expenditures, $54026818: how much did the revenue exceed the expenditures?

72. From a box of sugar, containing 19 cwt. 1 qr. 15 lb there was 14 cwt. 3 qr. 22 lb. taken: how much was left?

73. A ship-builder sold a vessel for $50376, which cost him $42978: how much did he gain?

74. A farmer sold his farm for six thousand three hundred and seventy-five dollars; after paying his debts, he has four thousand and fifteen dollars left: what was the amount of his debts?

75. Gunpowder was invented in the year 1330: how many years from that time to the year 1856?

76. What number increased by five thousand eight hundred and twenty-nine, will become 12103?

77. A speculator bought a quantity of flour for $2084.50; of bacon, for $760.87; of hops, for $1836.25. He sold the flour for $2375.60; the bacon, for $912.375; the hops, for $1750 : what did he gain or lose on the whole?

78. A farmer has two pastures, one containing 9 A. 3 R. 32 P.; the other, 12 A. 29 P. He has also two meadows, one containing 10 A. 2 R. ; the other, 15 A. 1 R. 20 P.: how much more meadow than pasture has he?

79. From a pile of wood containing 76 cords and 6 cord feet, was taken at one time 20 cords and 48 cubic feet; at another time, 14 cords 1 cord foot and 80 cubic feet: how much remained in the pile?

80. A gentleman purchased a house worth $9436; a carriage for $475.50; a span of horses for $840.40. He paid at one time, $5260; at another, $1275.37; at another, $936.42: how much remained unpaid?

81. If a ship and cargo are valued at $47568.487, and the cargo alone at $3406.50: what is the value of the ship without the cargo?

82. A note on interest, dated July 1st, 1853, was to be paid March 20th, 1856: how long was it on interest?

83. A gentleman dying left an estate of $50000; after paying his debts, which amounted to $5647.50, he desired that each of his two sons should receive $15000, and his widow the remainder: how much did the widow receive?

84 Bought a hogshead of wine, from which was drawn 32 gal. 1 qt. 1 pt.: how much remained in the cask?

85. The population of Chicago, in 1850, was 29963; in 1855 it was 80025: what was the increase in five years?

86. A land speculator, owning twenty-five thousand acres of land, sells at one time fifteen hundred acres; at another, four thousand seven hundred; at another, twenty-five hundred acres ; at another, seven hundred and fifty acres: what number of acres has he left?

87. The latitude of New Orleans is 29° 57' 30"; that of Boston, 42° 21' 23": what is the difference in the latitude of these two places?

88. A person bought a span of horses for three hundred dollars; a carriage for $410.50; a harness for $50.675; he sold the whole for six hundred dollars: did he gain or lose, and how much?

89. The population of Great Britain and its adjacent islands, in the year 1841, was 18664761; in 1851 it was 20936468: what was the increase of population in ten years?

90. From a piece of cloth containing 47 yards, a tailor cut 14 yd. 3 qr. 2 na.: how much was left?

91. A tradesman failing in business, was indebted to A £105 19s. 11d; to B, £127 10s. 94d.; to C, £34 18s. 10d.; to D. £500 19s.; to E, £700 14s. 6d. When this took place, he had in cash £50; in goods, £350 14s. 9d.; in household furni ture, £24 11s.; and his book accounts amounted to £94 14s. 8d If all these were given up to the creditors, how much would they lose?

MULTIPLICATION.

53. MULTIPLICATION is the operation of taking one number many times as there are units in another.

54. THE MULTIPLICAND is the number to be taken.

55. THE MULTIPLIER is the number denoting how many times the multiplicand is to be taken.

56. THE PRODUCT is the result of the operation.

57. A COMPOSITE NUMBER is one produced by multiplying two or more numbers together. Thus, 60 is a composite number, because 3 x 4 x 5 = 60.

58. A FACTOR is any one of the numbers which, multiplied together, produce a composite number. Thus, 3, 4, and 5 are factors of the composite number 60.

NOTE.-1. The product, after multiplication, is a composite number, and the multiplicand and multiplier are factors or producers of the product.

2. Multiplication is a short method of addition. For, if the multiplicand be written as many times as there are units in the multiplier, and the numbers added, the sum will be equal to the multiplicand taken as many times as there are units in the multiplier.

Change now the multiplier into the multiplicand: that is, multiply

4 by 6.