consists of a little good creamery butter and an admixture of oleomargarine oil and neutral lard. The latter is simply lard with all taste removed, which increases its cost only about a cent a pound; but the butterine thus made is hardly distinguish able by the best judges from a fine creamery butter, under which designation a great deal of it is now coming to market. The winter is the best season for palming off this adulteration, as it does not keep as hard as genuine butter in the warm weather. Scientific American.

VACCINATION OF PIGS IN FRANCE.-Pasteur gave last Autumn a report to the French Academy of Sciences of his late investigations upon this subject. He was aided in them by M. Thuillier; who has since died. Prof. Detmers of Chicago also discov. ered the "microbe" or minute organism which causes the rouget de porc; a disease sometimes making great havoc among swine.

Pasteur found that by diluting the virus of the disease, he could produce a malady by inoculation, which, while mild in character, prevents the animal from being again attacked on exposure.

He also ascertained that passing through the bodies of different animals modifies the virus in different, even opposite ways. When pigeons are inWhen pigeons are in: oculated with it, they die of "chicken cholera." When the blood of such a bird is again used to inoculate another, then so on repeatedly through several pigeons, the virus becomes more deadly than any obtained directly from the hog. On the other hand, when similarly passed through the bodies of rabbits, the virus becomes progressively weakened. The blood of a rabbit, so treated, when used for the inoculation of pigs, causes only a curable sickness; after recovery from which the animals are no longer liable to the " rouget" or swine plague.

large number attended from England, Scotland, Ireland and Germany.

The British Association, is the older of the two

bodies, having been started at York, England, in 1831. The American Association was organized in Philadelphia in 1848. The two include in membership nearly all the leading scientists of the English speaking nations; besides a large number of those who, without being specialists, are interested in science and in its advancement.

A striking fact in the history of both of these Associations is the rapid and large growth of subjects and departments for their labors. Holding their sessions for scientific discussion, thirty years or more ago, all together, it was soon found that at least two "Sections" were needed, to economize time. Now, in the American body, there are nine Sections; and almost or quite all of them might be very reasonably further divided. Thus is shown the immense development of scientific inquiry in our age; making it impossible for one person to keep up with the progress of knowledge upon more than one or two subjects; while all may obtain a general acquaintance with the most important dis

coveries and their results.

Another point of interest is, that a considerable number of women now take part in scientific observation and discussion. At some of the sectional meetings, as many women as men were present.

One prominent object of such gatherings is, the promotion of acquaintance and intercourse between. those who are especially engaged in scientific work.

PHILADELPHIA, NINTH MO. 20, 1884.

THE SCIENTIFIC CONVENTION which has just met at Philadelphia, was one of unusual interest and importance. For the first time, about a week before, the British Association met in Montreal; and, by invitation, a large number of its members visited Philadelphia and took part in the meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. More than twelve hundred men and women were registered as present at the meeting of the latter body; of whom 949 were members of the American Association, and 312 visitors from abroad. Amongst the latter was one from Japan; the Dean of the Department of Science in the University of Tokio. One at least was present from Spain; two or more represented an Italian Academy; one eminent statistician came from France; and a

made for the meeting just held. One of the most agreeable of several social reunions was enjoyed upon the beautiful grounds of Haverford College; which are probably better adapted for such a purpose than any other place near Philadelphia.

Not a very large proportion of the scientific men whose names are familiar in this country were present at this meeting; but, while some very eminent men attended, as Sir William Thomson, Robert S. Ball and others, no one could fail to see that those who came were persons of superior intellect and acquirement. At Montreal, as well as at Philadelphia, probably there has never before been assembled so remarkable a body of men and women, endowed with the wealth of mental resources of every attainable kind.

Yet the limits of human knowledge were made plain in all the work that was done, and in the ascertainment of what must now, if not always, be

left undone. This was very obvious in the able address of the retiring President, Professor C. A. Young, of Princeton College. His chief subject was that of the " Problems of Astronomy." Once considered the best example of an "exact science," Professor Young set forth the doubtfulness that has now come to affect our knowledge on many topics, along with improved methods of observation and research. As to the size of the earth, its rate of motion, and that of the moon, the position of the earth's axis, its internal constitution, the moon's temperature, several facts about the planets, and much concerning the sun (especially the origin of the solar heat and light), comets and meteors: on all these, inquiry appears, so to speak, only just to have begun. Yet magnificent results have been obtained already. President Young thus concludes his address:

"Indirectly, almost all scientific truth has real commercial value, because knowledge is power,' and because (I quote it not irreverently) 'the truth shall make you free,'-any truth, and to some extent; that is to say, the intelligent and intellectually cultivated will generally obtain a more comfortable livelihood, and do it more easily, than the stupid and the ignorant. Intelligence and brains are most powerful allies of strength and hands in the struggle for existence; and so, on purely economical grounds, all kinds of science are worthy of cultivation.

"But I should be ashamed to rest on this lower ground: the highest value of scientific truth is not economic, but different and more noble; and, to a certain and great degree, its truest worth is more as an object of pursuit than of possession. The 'practical life the eating and the drinking, the clothing and the sheltering-comes first, of course, and is the necessary foundation of anything higher;

but it is not the whole or the best or the most of life. Apart from all spiritual and religious considerations, which lie one side of our relations in this association, there can be no need, before this audience, to plead the higher rank of the intellectual, æsthetic, and moral life above the material, or to argue that the pabulum of the mind is worth as much as food for the body. Now, I am sure I can safely assert, that, in the investigation and discovery of the secrets and mysteries of the heavens, the human intellect finds most invigorating exercise, and most nourishing and growth making aliment. What other scientific facts and conceptions are more effective in producing a modest, sober, truthful, and ennobling estimate of man's just place in nature, both of his puny insignificance, regarded as a physical object, and his towering spirit, in some sense comprehending the universe itself, and so akin to the divine?

"A nation oppressed by poverty, and near to starving, needs first, most certainly, the trades and Occupations that will feed and clothe it. When

bodily comfort has been achieved, then higher needs and wants appear; and then science, for truth's own sake, comes to be loved and honored along with poetry and art, leading men into a larger, higher, and nobler life."

In all the proceedings of this large body, we are aware of very little expression or suggestion being made, intended to throw disparagement upon those truths which, while outside of the sphere of physical science, are valued beyond all other knowledge by religious men. One of the most interesting of all the meetings incidental to the scientific convention, was the voluntary "prayer meeting" on First-day afternoon, Ninth mo. 7th, at the Hall of the Young Men's Christian Association. Such meetings have, for a few years, accompanied the annual meetings of the British Association. Six years ago, they were begun in connection with the conventions of the American body, at Minneapolis. At the meeting last year, the President of the Association, Professor C. A. Young, gave open testimony of his allegiance to his Redeemer. This year, the meeting had for its moderator a professor from Alabama, and among those who took an earnest part were two from Great Britain, one from Minneapolis, and others from various places remote from each other. Prominent among these was W. Carruthers, VicePresident of the Linnean Society of London; one of the ablest scientists attending the convention.

Far

Well was it confessed by these truly enlightened men, that there is a woe in the human heart that science cannot cure." Untaught men once imagined the earth itself to be the centre around which all existing things revolved, and man alone to have importance in the universe. Science made the discovery that, instead, our world, with others, moves around a much greater central sun. beyond all this knowledge, however, as one speaker said, is that divinely given, of the theocentric or Christocentric truth of all history and of all science, of things past, present and to come. Whatever has, through the gift of intelligence to man, been revealed as science to the wise and prudent, happy are they who through grace, are made to become as babes, to learn at the foot of the cross those things which belong to the kingdom of God. "The fullest allegiance to Christ is not incompatible with the closest acquaintance with the secrets of nature."

WE DESIRE TO ACKNOWLEDGE the receipt of a letter from a Friend advanced in years and experience, residing in Grafton, Ontario, who confirms by facts within his own knowledge the testimony of Friends in regard to individual and special guid

Such a practical interpretation of the maxim "noblesse oblige" is becoming in the monarch of a great nation, which calls itself Christian, none the less because it refuses to recognize the temporal sovereignty of Rome. Let it not be forgotten, also, that the same cable despatch which mentions this benevolent action of the King of Italy, tells of two hundred untitled volunteers having offered themselves for service at the cholera hospitals at Naples. These records give a sense of relief and compensation for the dreadful list of murders, suicides and other crimes which fill columns every day in our newspapers. How the sensitive poet Cowper would have suffered under these; as it was before the time of telegraphic despatches that he wrote,

WITH MUCH SORROW, we learn that our dear Friend, J. Bevan Braithwaite, has met with a serious injury, by an accident occurring while being taken in a carriage from Bloomfield to Kingston, Canada. The following account of the event is given in a letter from John T. Dorland to the Christian Worker:

"The horse took fright and shied off a bridge, several feet high, throwing them into a dry ditch, and severely injuring both J. B. B. and his host, A. Taylor, who was driving him. Fortunately they were near a doctor's residence, into which they

were carried and cared for. It was found that our dear friend's right forearm had suffered a compound fracture, and he had several bruises around the head.

CARY.-Eliza Pierce, daughter of John and Lydia Cary, at Fairmount, Indiana, Eleventh mo. 21st, 1883, aged 22 years.

She was converted five years before her death, and manifested many of the Christian graces in the varied circumstances in which she was placed. Her sickness was of short duration, yet giving evidence that she was watching. She told her mother that all was well with her, asking those near by to sing,

"I want to be an angel and with the angels stand." doubtless joined the angelic band in anthems of praise She quietly passed away, and, receiving her crown,

to Him who had redeemed her.

IVINS. On the 15th of Eighth mo.. 1884, at the residence of her brother-in-law, Joseph E. Barton, in Camden county, N. J, Elizabeth D. Ivins, wife of Wm. C. Ivins, of Trenton, N. J., in the 56th year of her age; a member of Trenton Particular and Chesterfield Monthly Meeting of Friends.

She was a loving and faithful wife, a kind and discreet mother, a good neighbor, and, in all respects, a worthy, Christian woman. And therefore her sorrow. ing friends and relatives have the sweet consolation of believing that, through the mercy of God in Christ Jesus our Lord, she has been permitted to enter into that "rest which remains for the people of God," after the trials and afflictions of this life are over, and that now she is one of the blessed inmates of that "house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens," where all unite in singing the song of Moses and the Lamb, saying, "Great and marvellous are Thy works, Lord God Almighty,-just and true are all Thy ways, Thou King of saints.'

HOSKINS.-At his residence near Westfield, Ind., Moses S. Hoskins; a member of Westfield Monthly Meeting, in the 59th year of his age.

He was remarkable for his kind, genial, affable manner. Large-hearted and generous, he was ever ready to aid any enterprise for the promotion of the public good. The poor found in him a sympathizing friend, and a ready helper. To his motherless children he was a tender and indulgent father. He joined the Society of Friends in early life; and though for many years an invalid and prevented from an active participation in the affairs of the church, he still adhered to the principles and faith of the Society. From the beginning of his last brief illness he seemed impressed with the belief that it might be his last; and during the progress of disease often spoke of the peace and joy which were his portion. No doubt or distrust appeared to dim the brightness of his hope or mar his rest of soul. He was enabled trustfully to commit his children to the tender mercy of their Heavenly Father in the assured confidence that He would care

13

for them Calmly, triumphantly he passed away on the evening of the 25th of Fourth mo., 1884, and entered as we reverently trust into his everlasting rest.

Christian Worker please copy.

BROWN.—On the 22d of First mo., 1884, William Brown, in the 81st year of his age.

His children and the community in which he lived have lost a kind and loving father, and the church has lost one of her faithful, though silent burdenbearers. He was clear in the truth, gentle and tender in the love of Christ, and his life was the result of many a struggle and conflict and victory over self and sin, and discipline in a heavenly school.

His sufferings were many, being an invalid for more than forty years, yet he was a lesson of child-like trust to many who were more lightly afflicted.

He was lovingly attached to the principles of Friends, diligent in his attendance at meetings, and although a greater portion of the time having to ride twelve miles to attend, his seat was seldom if ever vacant when his health would admit.

He often remarked during his last illness that his sickness was unto death and prayed for strength to endure his sufferings until his Heavenly Father saw fit to release him. His prayer was abundantly answered; for, after having lain for hours as quietly as an infant sleeping, he passed away without even a sigh.

His dying words are a comfort to his children, and they feel that he has crossed over the river to meet his loved companion, their mother, who in less than one short year had gone over before him and a solemn grief, yet not without hope, reigns over the dear old home and ever will, until one by one they too pass

over and enter into the haven of eternal rest.

How helpful to all within his influence and to the cause dearest to his heart, his beautiful life and his precious memory will continue to be.

Both this Friend and his wife were beloved elders and members of Cedar Grove Preparative and Rich Square Monthly Meeting of Friends, N. C.

OHIO YEARLY MEETING.

(Concluded from page 92.)

Second-day morning, Ninth mo, ist.-Men and women met in joint session.

A minute was read for David J. Douglas. and a cordial welcome extended to him.

The report of the Committee on Temperance was now read by its secretary.

I. P. Hole spoke in explanation of the report. David Tatum followed in remarks on the main ques tion, pressing the point of prohibition in regard to party politics. In the Northern States the general public sentiment as to temperance was with the Republican party, and in the South it was with the Democratic party. Thus the question of temperance is about equally divided between the great parties. J. Baker followed in favor of supporting a third party. Enos Brosius spoke in favor of a third party as the best means of securing prohibition. Emma Jones, of Adrian-The question to-day is between the home and the saloon. If there be sin in a high place, we should get the sin removed. The world is not blind, but will see our inconsistencies.

J. A. Grinnell thought he could see a way out of the dilemma. We have 325,000 prohibition votes in Ohio. We want an opportunity of voting directly on the question of prohibition Sarah Hathaway favored prohibition by voting for St. John. Susan Pickerell spoke, urging the men to vote right on the question as the women were praying.

D. B. Updegraff said he deprecated the enormity of this curse, but feared we are reckoning without our host when we think to stop this traffic through the ballot. Our citizenship is in heaven, and I have no hope of redemption from the political parties Charlotte D. Holmes thought those who voted for the two great parties ought to have another dip. Wm. NicholsonThe Saviour said, "Ye are the light of the world." The church should see for the world, and should show the world where we stand. Let us show our colors. Seth Reese-The Lord is in this work. Our salvation does not depend on any political party, but we may do a little to check the flame. Huldah Reese read from the 146th Psalm. Is it right for us to pray for success in this cause, and you our brothers fail to vote for its support? Hannah Tatum spoke in favor of support of a third party effort. O. S. Olds thought it unwise to talk of party politics in our meetings.

Time for discussion expired, and the report was adopted.

Hymn Sing Glory, Hallelujah, our God is marching on.

The Home Missionary Board now presented its report. It proved not very definite or specific, as there was a difference of view taken of the duties of the Committee.

C. W. Pritchard spoke at some length defining the duties of such a committee, and encouraging such work. Isaac Stratton told of difficulties to be met and overcome, that some plain and definite plan of action should be set forth. E. J. Scott united with the expression of C. W. Pritchard and others, and encouraged the committee in its work.

David J. Douglas said: We understand that the Holy Ghost was given in order to make men missionaries. Take the book of Acts and study how those men who were baptized with the Holy Ghost went forth to teach and preach. We should be active in our work, keep on and see what can be done. Follow after Jesus, and look not too much for the sympathy of others. You cannot retain the Holy Ghost except in holy activities for Christ. Let this Yearly Meeting be a committee of home missionaries.

Esther B. Tuttle repeated what had been said that the early Friends received their support from their work. We ought to have pastors and the pastors ought to be supported by those amongst whom the work was done. We ought to move faster on this line.

The Committee on Education reported their work. Of 788 children of school age, 74 were in Friends' schools.

Professor W. W. White spoke in favor of general education. The Yearly Meeting ought to encourage the school at Damascus. Education at school disciplines the mind and fits the student for the duties of life both secular and religious.

Emma Clark spoke of the general subject of education. We need to cultivate our minds for the Master's work. We need to have our faculties trained in the best possible way to fit us for life in every way and make us effective in the Lord's work.

I. P. Hole remarked that the school at Damascus was not waning; endorsed the sentiments of previous speakers in reference to the advantage of education. We need a larger amount of zeal in the matter of edu. cation.

John P. Penington: We must educate the whole man. What is put into the first of life is put into the whole of life. Teachers wield a power they are not aware of. Let it be used in the encouragement of spiritual life.

Report on Scripture-Schools was read, giving an interesting account of labor performed. There are 34

schools, with 2373 scholars enrolled, and an average attendance of 1535. of whom 849 are adults. A number of speakers favored earnest effort in this particular.

At meeting for worship, held Second-day evening, D. J. Douglas read from the 8th chapter of Acts, "And they were all filled with the Holy Ghost." Christ exhorted us to resemble our Father in heaven. Be ye perfect as your Father in heaven. We say that we must be cleansed from sin or we will be damned. It seems harsh, but nothing impure can enter heaven. We must be a conditioned people for a conditioned place. These men were children of God; yet they were to receive something they had not, and when they were all filled with the Holy Ghost they were fitted for service. When we receive the Holy Ghost we receive God in our souls. God in us to wili and work in His own good pleasure. We are not conscious of what we are losing when we are living without His baptism. It makes us sure footed and we are ready to act speedily for our Father. A little girl was converted at Sabbath-school. She told her father about it. He put her away and told her not to say anything about it. She went to her room, and her father draw ing near heard her praying and told her she must quit it or he would send her from his home. Next morning he asked her what was her decision. She said she would tell him after awhile, and having spent a time in prayer she told her father he had been a good papa to her and she loved him, but she loved Jesus better, and though she had no place to go to she thought Jesus would take care of her, and left her father's house. Her father soon followed her, and before long found her in prayer for him. He went to her and asked her to

pray for him, which she did and he was converted, and going home with his child and calling his wife they prayed together, and the wife was converted. Thus God blessed the faithfulness of his child. Do you know what it is to be baptized with the Holy Ghost? Do you know what it is to consecrate all to God? This experience cannot be had without a full giving up all to God.

Third-day morning, Ninth mo. 2d -Met in joint session. Before entering on the general business of the Yearly Meeting, the women were engaged for a time in perfecting the organization of a Women's Foreign Missionary Association; the men sitting by and listening interestedly. Bishop W. Taylor was acceptably with us, and spoke encouragingly to the sisters in the formation of their organization.

D. J. Douglas spoke in favor of the foreign mission work, as did Huldah Reese, Sarah E. Jenkins and others.

Report of Committee on Foreign Missions of Yearly Meeting was now read, giving account of mission work in Mexico under care of W. A. Walls, and of its abandonment, W. A. Walls having engaged in work under the supervision of Indiana Yearly Meeting.

The work accomplished under care of Committee was approved, and they were encouraged to embrace any definite opening which may offer for the renewal of our efforts in support of foreign mission work.

Bishop Taylor spoke somewhat of his work in securing missionaries. We go upon this broad admitted fact that God has provided for the support of His children; we must go into business on a basis essential to success. Our Saviour sent lambs to catch wolves, and intended the wolves to support the lambs; and they went, because He sent them, and when they came back they were so jubilant over the result of their mission that they forgot the financial report altogether until the Saviour called it out by asking "Lacked ye anything?" and they said, "Nothing." Some twelve years ago, we tried the self-supporting mission in

India, and now there are about fifty missionaries, supported almost entirely from Asiatic resources. I found in Roman Catholic countries that they were more easily reached through the school-houses. We select missionary teachers, carrying out the Pauline tent principle, going on their own account God has placed in every man's heart the instinct of hospitality. We let the people know we have nothing of this world's goods, but try to instil into their minds the thought that we have the pearl of great price to offer them. The conversion of the world is involved in the selfsupporting ministry. Our funds are the transit and building fund. We go on the idea that the laborer is worthy of his hire; they that preach the gospel shall live of the gospel; thou shalt not muzzle the ox that treadeth out the corn. Let him that is taught in the word communicate unto him that teacheth in all good things. Thus it is right for the scholars to support their teachers.

The Report of the Indian Committee was presented, with the printed Report of the Executive Committee of the associated Yearly Meetings; which was satisfactory.

Professor C. G. Fairchild, of Oberlin, spoke briefly in reference to the anti-slavery effort in its incipiency, wishing to collect all anti-slavery manuscripts of that period.

The Report of the Pastoral Committee was presented.

Fourth-day morning, 3d.-Meeting for public wor ship. William Taylor was present and spoke. He was followed by C. W. Pritchard and several others in ministry.

Afternoon Session.-Report of Committee on Peace was read. There is an apparent indifference amongst Friends on this subject, and but a small demand for publications put forth by the association, Some hoped the work might be more effective in the priations for this cause might be suspended. It was future than in the past. Others thought the approcommittee was encouraged to use their efforts to make decided to make an appropriation of $150, and the the work as effective as possible.

The report of the Trustees of the Boarding-school Fund was read, showing about $4.900 on hand. It was concluded to divide this amount equally between Raisin Valley Seminary and Damascus Academy, provided that Adrian and Damascus Quarterly Meetings each shall raise an additional amount equal to half of the Fund, during the ensuing year.

Fifth-day Morning, 4th, met in joint session. Returning minutes of Friends in attendance from other Yearly Meetings were read, which called forth a full expression of unity and sympathy with them as well as responses from them and thanks for the kindness shown them while in attendance of Ohio Yearly Meeting; and all united in praising the Lord for His goodness and blessing to us at this time.

At this point the women withdrew in order that each meeting might conclude its business in separate ses

sion.

The Representatives proposed the name of Joseph Hill as Correspondent for the Yearly Meeting in place of Jonathan Binns deceased; address, Mount Pleas ant, Jefferson county, Ohio; and Ezra French in place of William Cattell deceased; address, Damascus, Ohio.

Epistles to other Yearly Meetings were now read. In the several essays presented the position of the Yearly Meeting on the various points in church work was set forth. Amendments were suggested, and the Epistles were directed to be transcribed and forwarded