principle of which was that a film of bitumen on a The image thus produced was reversed as regards light and shade, and to Fox Talbot is due the idea of taking copies from this "negative" correct, as regards light and shade, by placing under it and exposing to light paper coated with some sensitive silver compound. The next step was the production of a negative or positive picture on glass. Albumen was the first substance used to contain the sensitive salts, but to Le Gray and Scott Archer is due the discovery of the use of collodion, a solution of gun cotton in a mixture of ether and alcohol, as a suitable vehicle. A few years ago gelatine was used as a vehicle, and so wonderfully well was it found to answer its purpose that now the gelatine process has almost supplanted its predecessors. About the same time as the discovery of the daguerreotype process, the discovery was made that bichromate of potash altered in composition under the action of light. After some investigation it was found that various organic substances, such as gum, gelatine, &c., became insoluble when exposed to light in contact with it. This fact is a basis of a multitude of processes designed mostly to produce positive copies from negatives made by the processes mentioned. The original discovery of Niépce has also formed the basis of a number of processes, by means of which plates suitable for printing from in copper-plate or in typographical presses are produced.-Monthly Record. DO NOT Speculate and reason about prayer, but pray, and rest your case with God. He who moves you to pray has surely an answer provided in His own good way. Do not doubt Him, do not tion, do not hesitate, but pour out your heart in prayer. ITEMS. WAH SIN LEE, a Chinaman who has saved over $15,000 in the laundry business, has applied for ad mission to Cornell University. He says that he has been converted to Christianity, and that he intends to go out as a missionary to China. RUSSIAN RULE.-Some two years ago, as the London Spectator relates, an enterprising Frenchman, who had lived most of his life in Russia, opened a book store in Karkoff on a permit from the local authorities. He soon had a flourishing trade, and published some works for the professors of the Karkoff University. He was careful never to deal in contraband literature, nor give the police any grounds of suspicion. But the fact that he was doing a good business seemed to the authorities a sufficient indication that he was selling for bidden books; and they took him into custody, and made diligent search among his stock for evidence, but found none. He was kept in prison, however, twenty-five days before an examination was granted him, notwithstanding the protests of the Faculty of the University. The hearing was the merest farce, the only scrap of evidence being his acknowledgment that a certain man, presumably one suspected of Nihilism, had bought books of him. A few days later he was sent to St. Petersburgh, where he lay in jail seven months, without examination, upon no charge what ever, so far as he knew. A note to the French Consul secured, at last, a hearing before the Chief of Police. After a few questions by the latter, the prisoner asked why he had been so long confined. He had, he declared, broken no law, sold no contraband books, and taken part in no secret society. The words of the Chief, in reply, were these: "That I know quite well. You have done nothing openly illegal, I admit; but that only shows how very prudent you are, and, therefore, all the more dangerIt is true, also, that we have found no forbidden ous. literature in your possession. All the same, we know quite well that it is possible so to arrange an assortment even of authorized books as to spread subversive ideas quite as effectually as if they were revolutionary pamphlets printed at Geneva." The Consul demanded that the prisoner be immediately put on trial or released, and he was allowed to go free, on condition of leaving the country at once. He was sent to Karkoff under strong guard, and given only twenty-four hours to dispose of his stock. The result was he had to leave it in the hands of an agent, who sold it at one fourth of its cost. This is the policy and the kind of justice that prevail in Russia. THE Prince and Princess of Wales have been busy of late showing their interest in the poorer part of our population. Last Friday they visited Bethnal-green Museum, on the occasion of a soirée given by the Com. mittee of the Beaumont Trust to the working people of the East-end. The Prince, in addressing some thousands of auditors, evoked hearty and deserved applause when he said: "For some time past my thoughts, and the thoughts of others, have been given to ameliorate the condition of the laborious working classes of the Metropolis. If as members of the Royal Commission we can succeed in ameliorating their condition, and that of their dwellings, it will be a labor of love."- The Christian. THE launching of a new ship for the Cunard company at Glasgow brought out some finteresting comques-parisons showing the development and improvement of the merchant marine within a few years. Fortyfive years ago the Britannia was considered a remark able ship. She was 207 feet long, and her tonnage 1155. The new vessel, the Etruria, is 520 feet long, and her tonnage nearly 8000. The Britannia had engines of 850 horse-power; the horse-power of Etruria is 14,000! The Britannia carried 220 tons of cargo and 120 passengers; the Etruria is built to carry 5000 tons of cargo and 1500 passengers. The Britannia carried 500 tons of coal and her speed was 81⁄2 knots per hour. The Etruria is to carry 2500 tons and is expected to make 19 knots per hour. Five years ago the Arizona made the passage in the then extraordinarily fast time of seven days and seven hours. The builder of the Etruria is sure that she will do it in twenty-four hours' less time, and he thinks that in another five years, ships will be built to make the passage in one day less than that.-Daily Paper. UNIVERSALISM, in its theoretical grounds, all runs back to the ethical position that happiness is the great good and suffering the great evil in the universe. As soon as holiness is made to be the great good and sin the great evil, the basis of Universalism is undermined; because where there is sin there must be punishment, for the maintenance of the divine holiness. No one can believe in redemption unto endless beatitude, unless he believes in a state of condemnation, which must be eternal were it not for that redemption.-H. Boynton Smith. Trust God's wisdom thee to guide, For Friends' Review. How can we dare, we who so lowly live, O wistful heart! Thy trembling question is, While War, and Wreck, and Pestilence and Flame, Who conquered Death for us, without Jerusalem. Philada, Tenth mo. 1st, 1884. ONE DAY OUT OF SEVEN. Birds cannot always sing; H. Silence at times they ask to nurse spent feeling; To see some new, bright thing, Ere a fresh burst of song, fresh joy revealing. Flowers cannot always blow; Some Sabbath rest they need of silent winter; Ere from its sheath below Shoots up a small, green blade, brown earth to splinter. SHE HAD NEVER SEEN A TREE. They took the little London girl from out the city street To where the grass was growing green, the birds were singing sweet; And everything along the road so filled her with surprise, The look of wonder fixed itself within her violet eyes The breezes ran to welcome her; they kissed her on each cheek, And tried in every way they could their ecstasy to speak, curls, Inviting her to romp with them and tumbling up her Expecting she would laugh or scold like other little girls. But she didn't-no, she didn't; for this crippled little child Had lived within a dingy court where sunshine never smiled, And for weary, weary days and months the little one had lain Confined within a narrow room, and on a couch of pain. The out-door world was strange to her-the broad expanse of sky, The soft, green grass, the pretty flowers, the stream that trickled by ; SUMMARY OF NEWS. FOREIGN Intelligence.—Advices from Europe are to the 14th inst. GREAT BRITAIN.-A draft of a bill for the redistribution of seats in Parliament has been prepared by a committee of three of the Ministry, which will be sub mitted for consideration to the Cabinet Council to be held on the 21st. The general provisions of the bill have been communicated to the Conservative leaders, the Earl of Salisbury and Sir Stafford Northcote. It was said last week that the prospect of a compromise between the two parties upon the Franchise bill was improving. Numerous public demonstrations in favor of the bill took place on the 11th in various parts of England. Herbert Gladstone, son of the Premier, and M. P. for Leeds, said in one of the meetings that nothing would induce the Government to introduce the Redistribution bill into Parliament without the amplest guarantee that the House of Lords would pass the Franchise bill first, which would be satisfactory. It was reported on the 12th that consultations among the Conservative leaders had resulted in their deciding to reject the Redistribution bill, to maintain their opposition to the Franchise bill, and try to force a dissolution of Parliament. It is reported that the result of a conference between the Chancellor of the Exchequer and Premier Gladstone on the 9th was the decision not to prolong the period for the conversion of the English consols, which would expire on the 17th inst, as the scheme is said to have failed, bankers and insurance companies refusing to convert their funds. Only a number of small investors have exchanged 3 per cents for 21⁄2 per cents, The British Commodore on the Australian station has been instructed to proceed to New Guinea and proclaim a British protectorate over the southern coast of that island east of the meridian of 410 E. The protectorate will include the islands adjacent to that region. Settlement within the protectorate will not be permitted at present. This action has been hastened by the reports sent to the British Colonial Office of the great increase of the slave trade upon the coast. Several labor vessels from Queensland have been seizing natives, and in one instance the crews of some trading vessels shot 38 natives. A British gunboat has captured a slave schooner and sent the crew to Cooktown for trial. The British Government has sent an ultimatum to that of the Transvaal, South Africa, reciting the repeated violations of treaties and the acts of violence beyond their own boundaries committed by the Boers of the Transvaal; demanding satisfaction for these acts, the repression of such in future, and observance of the latest treaty. IRELAND.-A number of labor delegates met at Cork on the 12th and inaugurated the South of Ireland Labor League, devoted exclusively to the interests of laborers, and independent of the Irish National League. The members are pledged to support only candidates favoring the Franchise bill, and also to abstain from outrages. They showed hostility towards the Parnell party and farmers. BELGIUM.-The African Association has sent out a new expedition which is to go to Zanzibar, and thence across Africa to the Upper Congo. The aim is to es tablish trade routes from the Congo to the east coast. The expedition is expected to be absent two years. FRANCE. The Government has imposed a poll tax of one shilling upon every person who lands at Calais or Boulogne. The money is to be used to defray the expense of improving the harbors on the northern coast. The Chambers re-opened on the 14th. The Minister of Marine asked a credit of 10,800,000 francs for the expenses of the Tonquin expedition for the remainder of this year. GERMANY.-The Government has issued official invitations to the Powers to a Conference to be held in Berlin, to secure freedom of commerce to all nations in the Congo country, in Africa. The Governments of Spain, Portugal, Belgium, and Holland have accepted the invitation, and will be represented by their respective Ambassadors at Berlin. Great Britain has also accepted, provided that the business of the Conference shall be confined to questions concerning commerce and shall not include the French disputes respecting territory in West Africa. Holland, Portugal and Italy have also adhered to this condition. The Conference is to meet on the 6th prox. The invitations state that the basis of the proposals to be submitted, so far as France and Germany are concerned, has been settled between those Powers. Prince Bismarck has prepared a project to be presented to the Reichstag, for the purchase by the Empire of all the railways now owned by the different constituent Governments, and for centralizing the administration in Berlin. Bavaria, Wurtemberg and Saxony are said to oppose this scheme. ITALY. A cyclone which occurred at Catania, in Sicily, on the 8th, devastated the whole region, and destroyed about 3000 dwellings. Twenty-seven persons were killed and 400 injured. Another hurricane on the 12th killed 30 persons. RUSSIA. The University of Kiev has been closed by the authorities and will not re-open until the beginning of next year; and 168 of the students have been arrested for alleged connection with the Nihilists. HOLLAND.-King William and the Duke of Nassau, his nearest male heir, have entered into an arrangement by which the King recognizes the Duke's right to the succession of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, which now forms part of the kingdom of Holland, and the Duke recognizes that of the Princess Wilhelmina, the King's daughter, to the throne of Holland. CHINA. Admiral Lespes, with part of the French fleet, attacked Tamsuie, on the island of Formosa, but the landing party was repulsed. CANADA. An explosion, probably of dynamite, occurred on the 11th at the new Parliament building in Quebec, which was just being roofed. The workmen being at dinner, escaped injury, but the walls are said to have been so cracked that part of them must be taken down and rebuilt. The motive for the outrage is unknown. DOMESTIC. Elections in Ohio for Congressmen and minor State officers, and in West Virginia for State officers and Legislature, took place on the 14th inst. The result was but partially known when this was written, but the Ohio returns showed a large vote, with Republican gains, indicating a probable plurality of 15,000 or more. In West Virginia, the Democratic ticket was probably elected. The Electrical Exhibition in this city closed at 11% P. M. on the 11th. It is believed to have been success ful pecuniarily, besides affording much instruction and pleasure to the numerous visitors. The building erected for it will be retained, and probably used in future for similar exhibitions. THE Friends' Review. A RELIGIOUS, LITERARY AND MISCELLANEOUS JOURNAL. If we took up the position that in the person of our Lord Jesus Christ there was no incarnation of the Godhead, and that in the work of His life and death there was no atonement for sin, we should be obliged to take up also the position that Christianity has gained her triumphs under false pretences. Among curiosities of literature, very exceedingly curious would be the history of an apostle of some nation who had led them from dumb idols to serve the living God, by preaching that the person of Christ was that of a creature that His life was merely a mission, and His death merely a martyrdom. The records of a heathen community converted by such preaching are not to be found. But, on the other hand, it is easy to find records, ancient and modern, of triumphs won by Christianity, through her missionaries dwelling on the wondrous love of God to man, as displayed in the person of Immanuel, in the person of God with us, of God manifest in the flesh, of Him who was at one and the same time the Mighty From an Address before the Evangelical Alliance, Copenhagen, 1884. CORRESPONDENCE.-Direct Guidance in Service-A Golden Wedding-Friends in Constantinople... Strictly Hygienic......................................................... .Phenological Journal 189 189 Voices of the Bells........ POETRY-Sunlight-To Me a Sinner-Meadow Talk.. .......... 191 SUMMARY OF NEWS.. ..... 192 God, and to us "a child born," at one and the same time the "Everlasting Father," and to us "a Son given," at one and the same time "Wonderful Counsellor, Prince of Peace," and yet the bearer of the iniquity of us all-iniquity laid upon Him by the Lord, and borne by Him that He might present His soul an offering for sin, in order that we, 66 by His stripes," might be healed." While men who believed that story told it-told it with the fire of faith and of the Holy Ghost-in ancient times as well as in our own days, the hearts of gentle women opened, and those of stern warriors were melted. Kings that wore the Roman purple, kings that swayed the club of the cannibal, priests who waited at the altars of Diana, at those of Serapis, at those of Vishnu, at those of the nameless gods of the South Seas, unaccountably became changed in spirit. And the men to whom grateful nations point backwards as their prime benefactors were men who would rather have spent their lives in breaking stones than in preaching a Christ who was no God, or a Cross which was no altar of sac rifice for sin. If the triumphs whereby churches were originally planted are traceable to the preaching of a Divine Jesus and of a redeeming death, so also are those internal triumphs of life over decay, by which churches having a name to live, but really dead, were again quickened with the powers of an inward life. It would be, indeed, hard to find the records of the case wherein a dying church was warmed again by the ministry of men who set before her a created being as her Lord, and an unjust punishment as the sum of his passion. Calvin has said that " no church can live without many resurrections.' Whether we take the cases of particular churches and nations in which a marked revival of spiritual life has arisen to check a long progressive decay, and to initiate new eras of power, or whether we take cases in which a whole range of nations and churches has felt the return of vitality, it is always true that the men through whose minis. try Christianity has risen again as if from her own embers have been men whose hearts were full of the glory of Christ, as being One with the Father, as being the fulness of His glory and the express image of His person, as "upholding all things by the word of His power," and yet as having by Himself, yea, by the one sacrifice of Himself, purged our sins (Heb. i. 3). Of all those who during the Middle Ages, with greater or less power, combated death and became instruments of restoring life, where was there one whose gospel was without an incarnate Godwithout a propitiating sacrifice for sin? When the breath of the Reformation breathed, who among the mighty of that restoration proclaimed a Christ who was not God, a crucifixion which was not His offering up of Himself for our redemption, or a Holy Ghost who was nothing more than an attribute or an influence, and was not the living Spirit of the Father and the Son? And when in modern times, men have gone forth to tell here the Greenlanders, there the Red Indians, yonder the Hindus, and elsewhere the Africans and Polynesians—of the blessings brought to mankind in the Gospel, were they men who would have gone so far or who would have gone any distance at all, to preach a Saviour who was less than Divine? Were they not always men to whom the Alpha and Omega of their own creed, as of the New Testament, was the union of Deity with manhood in the person of Christ? Address of North Carolina Women's Yearly Meeting to its Members, Dear Sisters: Precious has been our coming together at this time. It has been a season of renewal of strength and of feasting together at the Lord's table. As the London General Epistle was read, much was brought before us, especially adapted to our needs at this time; causing our hearts to rejoice at the love of God manifested in giving us the assurance of His protecting care; that we, individually, are the objects of His special regard, and that He causes circumstances which seem dark and filled with peculiar trial, to work for our good; resulting in the highest degree in blessing to us. "God is love," and from that exhaustless fountain we are constantly sustained. We feel it becomes our duty to present the Gospel as a whole, without bringing any one point into prominence to the exclusion of others. Much regret was felt and expressed, that there are any coming short in the exercise of that charity which thinketh no evil. But we praise the Lord that the great remedy for all deficiencies is found in the fountain opened in the house of David and to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, for sin and for uncleanness, and a filling of the Spirit. The mind will be active in those pursuits which ennoble the character and elevate the thoughts, or, the reverse. It is needful then that our youth be familiar with the work of the church, and become thoroughly interested in the same. In considering the answers to the Queries, we have greatly desired the peace and prosperity of our people, and would recom mend service for the Master as a means to this end. The reports of committees having charge of the different departments of church work, have been unusually satisfactory; yet we feel that one of the great needs of the present is, that the dear sisters of our Yearly Meeting enter with more willing heart and earnest hand the vineyard of the Lord. The Lord has set before us an open door; how blessed it will be for us if we enter. We have been urged to look up and behold the fields white already to the harvest. Say not four months, and then cometh the harvest, for the work is now ready for the sickle. There is the mission work right at our own doors. There are colored people who are growing up in ignorance and sin within the limits of each Monthly Meeting. May we be humble at the feet of the Master and seek to know what is our responsibility in this matter. We cannot be idle and prosper in best things. Exercise is good for the health, and none the less is Christian work good for our spiritual well-being. We have been told that we must break the alabaster box and anoint our Lord. The degraded and suffering condition of the people of Jamaica has been brought before us and we have been encour. aged to inquire what we can do for the amelioration of their sufferings and to raise them from their present low condition. The importance of Foreign Mission work has been pressed upon us and we have been urged to be willing to give of that wherewith the Lord has blessed us, even denying ourselves that we may send the Gospel to those who sit in heathen darkness, and not lose the blessing to those who give of their means; and we trust the time is not far distant when we can unite with the sisters of other Yearly Meetings in organized efforts in this cause. ABIGAIL N. MENDENHALL, Clerk. An Extract. SHEPHERDING. We not unfrequently hear the remark, "We need more preaching elders." People like to be preached to not at, and I doubt if that is what we want; but we do need more voluntary, unpaid, dedicated service in the care of the flock. We, not unfrequently, hear in our meeting on Ministry and Oversight expressions similar to this: "Elders should be helpers in the ministry, they will often |