donations during the year were $36,834.21 more than in the preceding year. Two months ago a debt of $50,000 was threatening; but, by a generous response to the call of the Association, this has been brought down to $13,785.86, which, it was hoped, would be paid before the annual meeting at Salem, Mass., 10 mo. 21 and 23.

IN CHINA the people believe in degrading the gods when they neglect to answer their prayers, and in rewarding them when they promptly grant petitions. Here is a memorial which is said to have been forwarded to the Emperor recently by the great statesman, Li Hung Chang:

"In the District City of Chien-an, the Temple of the God of War and the Temple of the Tutelary Deity are known to be very responsive to prayers. Last June, when a severe drought threatened to destroy the young corn, prayers were offered at the temples by the officials and gentry, and a refreshing rain fell at once. In July, after ten days of heavy rain, the water from the mountains came down in torrents, and the Luan river rose to such a hight that the town was in imminent danger. Prayers were again offered, and the waters fell immediately. Again, toward the end of August, the inhabitants were terrified by the violence of rain, and once more clear weather was granted in answer to their prayers."

The memorial goes on to ask the Emperor to grant the petition of the inhabitants to permit a tablet to be erected in each of the two temples as a "recompense to the gods."

A REPORT of the late Episcopal Church Congress has the following item: The subject for Thursday morning was "The Confessional." Dr. J. H. Hopkins, of Pennsylvania, urged that as the physician and lawyer are taken into confidence, so the minister should be told privately of spiritual troubles. There should not, however, be forced confessions. Dr. G. C. Currie spoke on the other side. Father" Osborne, of Boston, wearing a silken cassock and corded belt, argued in favor of the institution. The Rev. Leighton Parks, of Boston, ridiculed it. The Rev. H. Carmichael, of Toronto, spoke in its defense. The Rev. D. W. Rhoades, of Ohio, denied the first writer's analogies. The Rev. Dr. Courtney, of Boston, declared that, with spiritual physicians to receive confessions, there would be an increase of spiritual invalids and hypochondriacs. The Rev. Mr. Mortimer said he rejoiced that belief in the confessional was growing. The Hon. H. R. Pearson, of Albany, with humorous remarks, advocated the confessional from a layman's standpoint. The Rev. Mr. Lightner, of Delaware, and the Rev. Mr. McVickar, of Philadelphia, declared the institution revolting.

EVENTS, in their continual and irretrievable transformations, do not carry all minds along with them; nor conquer all characters; they do not even care with equal facility for all interests. This must be understood and some allowance made for the protestations which are made in favor of the past.

When an epoch is finished its mould is broken, and it suffices to Providence that it can never be remade; but among the fragments scattered on the ground there are found some beautiful to look upon.-Carrel: History of the Counter-revolution in England under Charles II and James II.

RURAL.

FRUIT AND ITS MARKETS.-The first thought of fruit growers is to look after cheap land. The distance from market is left to railroad companies to settle. Of late years growers have been learning other lessons. It is the labor, and not the cost of land, which ruins a fruit grower; and land at high figures, where the expenses of labor and marketing are less, has been found the most profitable. Edwin Satterthwaite, about ten miles from the heart of Philadelphia, has found such a fruit location very profitable, and so have the Shearers, of Reading, Pa. This town has but 50,000 inhabitants, yet it consumes all the fruit from Shearer's 100 acre farm, besides much from numerous other growers. And one of the brothers has been encouraged to put in 365 acres in fruit near the town. The 100 acres of Christopher Shearer made sales of over $12,000 last year.—Gardeners' Monthly.

THE CURL IN THE PEACH.-We had supposed that this disease, which takes the form of blistered and succulent blotches on the leaves, with a white mildewy substance beneath, was everywhere, and generally familiar to peach cultivators. But specimens with inquiries as to the nature of these blisters come to us from different quarters, with the information that it was in those localities hitherto unknown. It is also very much worse in some We have parts of the country than in others. never seen it anywhere so destructive as in Canada, unless what we saw in California along the Stanislaus river was the effect of the curl, as we were told it was. Whole branches were dead, with the

dry leaves attached to them. In Pennsylvania only a few of the earlier leaves are attacked; these fall off, but the shoots continue and make the, new and healthy leaves necessary to health. The wood is weakened but not destroyed.

The disease is caused by the growth of a minute fungus parasite. Each species of fungus requires certain exact conditions of heat and moisture before it will germinate, and judging from the facts attested in these widely separated localities, we conclude that a comparatively low temperature is required by this one that produces the peach curl, and that when the weather gets very warm, or say to our eastern summer heat, this species will nót develop. A steadily warm temperature will therefore be the best protection against the curl.Gardeners' Monthly.

SHOEING. As all are aware, the hoof of the horse in its natural state is adapted to the grassy surface only; so, when we wish to bring the horse into use on our hard and stony roads, it becomes necessary to protect the hoof with shoes. I regret

that so large a share of our blacksmiths, who are permitted to do this work of shoeing, are so ignorant of the structure of the horse's foot. It is a great fault with nearly all shoers to cut and pare away the hoof with the idea of improving it. I consider their aim should be to let Ñature take its course as much as possible. I also consider it more proper to fit the shoe to the foot, not the foot to the shoe. There should not be any pressure between the bar and quarter commonly known as the seat of corns. The greater pressure should be around the outside of the hoof for half an inch. The frog should never be cut down or touched even, except for the purpose of cleaning, and should always come to the ground. For all ordinary purposes I would advise the use of the flat shoe. Of course, at some seasons of the year, it will be necessary to have calks; but the flat shoe I consider the best for all farm horses, as it leaves the foot in a more natural state, as the foot should always be allowed to come as near to the ground as possible. The shoe should be as big as the foot, so as to require no cutting down of the hoof. heels of the shoe should not project back beyond the hoof more than one eighth of an inch. The outward margin should just correspond with the shape of the hoof, except at the heel, where the shoe should be a little wider, from quarter to heel especially, on the outside. Many persons are not aware of the thinness of the hoof, which makes it necessary that the nail holes should be near the edge and quite well forward in the toe, so as to avoid driving the nails into the quick.-South and

West.

The

pel to the heathen, who are sunk in ignorance, sin and misery, is clear and imperative; and while the outward and ordinary means of salvation for those capable of being called by the Word are the ordinances of the Gospel, in accepting the Standards, it is not required to be held that any who die in infancy are lost, or that God may not extend His grace to any who are without the pale of ordinary means, as it may seem good in His sight."

On the general subject this writer remarks: "Changes in theology are of two kinds. They may be due to a decay of faith in the Holy Scripture as the record of Christian rebellion, or of belief in God and the possibility of revelation. Then infidelity and irreligion are in the ascendant. tian faith and progress in Christian knowledge. Or changes are attributable to the growth of ChrisThen traditional theological conceptions give way because they have fulfilled their mission. Having ministered for a period to the development and edification of the church, they yield their place to other conceptions, like the petals of the apple blosand minister to, as they presume, the onward march soms to the coming fruit. Such changes are healthy, of Christ's kingdom.

"Each one of these [new] creeds, whilst occupying a negative attitude toward unconditional election, signifies, not the relinquishment of Chris. tian revelation, not the surrender of any fact concerning the person, the life, and the redemptive work of our Lord Jesus Christ, nor yet any weakening of the firm hold which Christianity has had on the Anglo-Saxon heart and mind, but the imperishable power of Christianity, the immeasurable heavenly wealth of truth latent in Holy Scripture,

PHILADELPHIA, ELEVENTH MO. 1, 1884.

THE NEW THEOLOGY.—In a baccalaureate address, the present year, at the University of Wisconsin, President John Bascom gave his views at length on this subject. The great points, as stated by him, are these : I. "Identification of Reason with Revelation. 2. Identification of Morality with Religion. 3. Identification of the Government of God with History. 4. Identification of the Natural with the Supernatural."

An article of somewhat later date, by Dr. E. V. Gerhardt, in a weekly periodical, alludes to several changes made within a few years in the statements of doctrine by leading denominational authorities; deviating from the spirit as well as from the letter of the Westminster Confession. One of his quotations is the following:

"That, while none are saved except through the mediation of Christ, and by the grace of His Holy Spirit, who worketh when and where and how it pleaseth Him, while the duty of sending the Gos

conception and rational reflection, and the superior strength of the Christian life over the mode of apprehension and the theological system of any particular time, though the mode of apprehension be valid and the theological system be rich and powerful, thus vindicating the rights of spiritual freedom in presence of sacred and venerabe traditions."

This is, no doubt, a faithful representation of the prevailing tendency of thought belonging to what is called the New Theolgy. On the whole, it is a movement for the better, rather than for the worse. Yet it has its dangers. We find the chief one of these set forth in the language of Dr. Bascom's first particular, as mentioned above; namely, “The

Identification of Reason with Revelation." Probably this was not exactly what Dr. Bascom meant; but if so, the words were not happily chosen.

Reason is not, and cannot be, identical with

Revelation. It is to human reason or understanding, that divine revelation is made. There is also a fitness in Robert Barclay's expression, "Right Reason;" meaning by that, absolute wisdom, the prerogative of Him who is "Truth," as He is also "Light" and "Love." But to assume that Reason

is identical with Revelation carries the thought, fruitful of many destructive heresies, that in man's mind resides the power, of itself, to fathom all mysteries concerning God, the soul and immortality.

Here, in this confounding of human reason, which receives from God's perfect wisdom some rays of revelation, with that Wisdom itself, is the ground of the error which has misled so many in the Society of Friends. Thus the Light of Christ, which, as George Fox followed Scripture in teaching, shines into every man's soul, convincing the world "of sin, of righteousness, and of judgment," and leading each faithful disciple "into all truth," this Light, coming from without us and shining into our souls, has come to be spoken of by some as though it were an attribute of the inner man; as though the Inward Word" dwelt only in, and belonged to, the human mind or soul.

Again, reaction from this has led, among some of our members recently, to a misunderstanding of what was taught by our Early Friends; and to a rejection, even, by a few, of the clear and important Scriptural doctrine, that He who, as Jesus of Nazareth, was the Word "made flesh," dwelling among men, is the "Light which lighteth every man, coming into the world." Thus every error is almost sure to do double harm: first by its own direct effects, and then by begetting an opposite error through antagonism and reaction.

After all, theology is only the endeavor of men to systematize, according to their own understanding, their inferences from revelation and reason together, concerning the truth about God, the soul and the life to come. Its fallibility and variations belong to the human element, so largely engaged in the construction of all theological systems. It is very encouraging to find, in recent religious thought, a growing disposition towards independence of human traditional authority in such matters. If, only, at the same time, reverence for Divine authority be maintained and, as it should be, increased, it will be well. The three witnesses are, and will be, while time lasts, all indispensable: the illuminating Spirit, the record of the Bible, and the consenting Church. No man should dare to claim the teaching of the Spirit on behalf of anything that conflicts with the written word of Scripture; and, in discerning the guidance of the Spirit, and interpreting the written word, the consensus of associated believers in the Church is always very im

portant.

After these comments, we may now cite the re

cent utterance in verse, upon this theme, of John G. Whittier, in the Andover Review; under the heading, "Adjustment:"

"

The tree of Faith its bare, dry boughs must shed
That nearer Heaven the living ones may climb;
The false must fail, though from our shores of time
The old lament be heard: Great Pan is dead!"
That wail is Error's from his high place hurled,
This sharp recoil is Evil undertrod,
Our time's unrest, an angel sent of God
Troubling with life the waters of the world.
Even as they list the winds of the Spirit blow
To turn or break our century rusted vanes;
Sands shift and waste, the rock alone remains
Where led of Heaven the strong tides come and go,
And storm clouds rent by thunderbolt and wind
Leave, free of mist, the permanent stars behind.
Therefore I trust, although to outward sense

Both true and false seem threatened: I will hold
With newer light my reverence for the old,
And calmly wait the births of Providence.
No gain is lost: the clear-eyed saints look down
Untroubled on the wreck of schemes and creeds;
Love yet remains, its rosary of good deeds
Counting in task-field and o'erpeopled town:
Truth has charm'd life; the Inward Word survives,
And, day by day, its revelation brings;
Faith, hope, and charity, whatsoever things
Which cannot be shaken, stand. Still holy lives
Reveal the Christ of whom the letter told,

And the new Gospel verifies the old.

WE HAVE BEEN SURPRISED by the suggestion, communicated this week by a much valued friend, that our recent course has given some appearance of this becoming a political paper. Far as this is from the purpose or wish of any of those connected with Friends' Review, it may be, that earnestness of feeling concerning what has appeared to us a somewhat new issue in public affairs, involving important moral principles, may have carried us too far, for our proper scope, in the direction of personal advocacy. If so, it is sincerely regretted; and our endeavor will be made hereafter to avoid such a deviation. The Friends' Review is a "religious, literary and miscellaneous journal;" but, under the last of these descriptive terms, politics, in the ordinary sense, are not included.

IN OUR REPORT of Indiana Yearly Meeting, an error occurred in mentioning the name of John Y. Hoover's companion, and the meeting from which they came. It should have been said, "John Y. and Mary J. Hoover, from Iowa Yearly Meeting."

AN ITEM taken from one of our exchanges, and printed in No. 10 of the present volume, about Sir Thomas Clark, of Grafton, Ontario, to be "surely John MacDonald, of Canada, is said by our friend without foundation in fact." T. Clark, having known Sir J. MacDonald from his youth, thinks

that he must have been forty years old at the time of his marriage. It would have been, however, nothing to the discredit of even so eminent a man to have begun life in humble circumstances. Many of the greatest men, in various spheres, have done so, especially in this country.

DIED.

TERRELL.-At his late residence, near Wooller, Ontario, Canada, surrounded by his family, on the morning of Ninth mo. 27th, Simon Terrell, in the 69th year of his age; a member and Elder of Cold Creek Monthly Meeting.

In further noticing the life of this dear Friend, there is no desire to eulogize the creature, but rather to magnify the power of that grace that made him what he was. Though naturally diffident and retiring in his manners, yet in the circle in which he moved he was ever to the front, foremost in every good word and work. In the church his seat was never vacant except from necessity, and his solemn deportment indicated that he fully comprehended the solemnity of the engagement. In the Sabbath-school, -humanly speaking-he was the life and source of its existence. The real affection for children so visible in his every act seemed to exercise a magnetic power and drew them within the sphere of his inAuence. His superintending of the school, co-extensive with its existence, rendered his administration a complete success. The loss to the poor, the aged and the infirm will be almost irreparable, as he was ever alive to the effort to ameliorate their condition. The universal esteem in which he was held was manifest by the large attendance at his funeral. The meeting was a solemn one, and largely conducted in the same spirit in which for many years he had lived. The belief was expressed that many prayers had gone up from that assembly, that the mantle of divine love, which so preeminently clothed the spirit of the departed father might largely rest upon all his children. Deceased had the satisfaction of seeing all, or nearly of his children, four sons and one daughter, cheerfully enlist under the banner of King Emmanuel, thus gratifying the fondest hopes of him who we doubt not was found at the solemn call with his lamp trimmed and light burning ready to enter in to the marriage supper of the Lamb.

PAIGE.-At Weare, N. H., Tenth month 5th, 1884, Abby, daughter of John and the late Mary B. Paige, in the 48th year of her age; a member of Weare Monthly Meeting.

Her life of rare devotion and constancy closed peacefully, and we believe that through the abounding mercy upon which she relied, her end is glorious.

EARLHAM COLLEGE MISSIONARY SOCIETY.

As a result of the earnest efforts of Esther B. Tuttle and other interested Friends, a called meeting of the students was held on Ninth mo. 29th, for the purpose of considering the propriety of organizing an Earlham College Foreign Missionary Society.

A report of an informal meeting previously held was given, and a committee appointed to draft a constitution and by-laws, and nominate officers, and report to next meeting. Eli Jones, the eminent missionary of Maine, then spoke for a short time, and gave an account of his life work; closing with an appeal to young men and women to consecrate themselves to mission work.

Mahalah Jay, Editorial Secretary of the W. F. M. S., of Indiana Yearly Meeting, warmly commended and welcomed the Society.

Esther B. Tuttle expressed a great interest in and

hope of success for the movement, and looked forward

to the time when there should be a department in both the Library and Museum of Earlham devoted to the interests of Foreign Missions.

Joseph Moore, ex-President of Earlham College, assured us of a deep interest in the new departure, and promised specimens for the Mission Museum.

At the second meeting, held Tenth mo. 2d, a constitution and by-laws were proposed and adopted. The preamble says:

Believing that it would promote the welfare of the church, and that the growing interest in mission work demands more attention amongst us as students, we are agreed in forming an association which shall have for its object the spread of the gospel in foreign lands, especially through a direct endeavor to promote mis. sionary intelligence and zeal in this institution, and to seek by prayer and personal effort to hasten the day when young men and women shall go out from among the students of Earlham College as missionaries to foreign lands."

Articles No. 1 and 2, of the constitution, state the relations of the organization: The name of this Society shall be Earlham College Foreign Missionary Society.

"This shall be an independent organization, with power to apply its funds to the securing of the ends for which it is formed; but it shall be in close affiliation with Foreign Missionary Societies of Friends in America."

By request of the President, 31 persons declared their intention to become members; and we are sure of at least 20 more who will join.

Persons who are, or have been directly connected with this College, may become members. Any person may become an honorary member by action of the Society.

Committees were appointed to arrange for mission departments in the Library and Museum, and solicit and receive donations for each purpose.

KANSAS YEARLY MEETING.

The meeting opened on the 9th day of Tenth month, 1884, with the Meeting of Ministers, Elders, and Overseers, at 2 o'clock P. M.

A large number of Ministers were present (whose names will appear in the report of the Yearly Meeting for business,) all of whom were welcomed amongst us, into fields white unto harvest, with an inadequate number of laborers to occupy them, and to the full exercise of their calling amongst us.

The meeting commenced with prayer and thanksgiving by several voices, and the song, "Brightly beams our Father's mercy," &c.

E. C. Siler, of Western Yearly Meeting, delivered a pertinent address to this body, after which vocal prayer was poured forth from many full souls. We have rarely listened to more earnest prayers for blessings upon the meeting this year, and for the salvation of lost souls.

The burden of E. C. Siler's sermon was sanctification of believers-the baptism of the Holy Ghostthe enduement "with power from on high."

Another Friend delivered a short sermon, calling attention to the statement of Christ," If we ask for anything according to the will of God, in faith, we have what we ask for."

The subject of paying the expenses of traveling servants, whether Ministers or Representatives, who are too poor to pay their expenses, was canvassed freely, and the meeting very well united that they should have them paid by the church; those who send Representatives to do business for them, should pay their way. Ministers who travel from other Yearly Meetings into ours, are encouraged to visit the smaller, and remote meetings, and individual Friends; and "there comes up the difficulty, that Quaker Ministers are generally poor and have no money to pay their way; and if they go as invited, must have their way paid for them, and they be otherwise helped. But where are the means? Let us think of this and see to it, that all are helped according to their needs."

After this discussion, the song, "The Great Physician now is near," was sung. (And here we will remark that songs of praise and thanksgiving were interspersed all through the meetings of all kinds, and when one is referred to hereafter, it will be because peculiarly appropriate for the occasion.)

Noah McLean spoke on, "The real condition of the Ministry." "Two sides there are: 1st, the Ministry side; 2d, the Church side."

"Ministers do two men's, and two women's work, and they are expected to do it, by the congregations of the Church, without any help from any others. They are expected to preach whether they are in a condition of body to do so or not. And often they go to meeting tired, from toiling to procure the necessary things to support the family; and to get the means for paying their own expenses while traveling in the service of their Master in preaching the Gospel."

Many brothers and sisters gave expression in favor of insisting upon the church at large taking part in the Ministry, by paying in money to help carry on the work by those who are gifted, and called upon of the Lord to go and preach.

Joseph L. Bean, of Iowa, remarked that this was the most singular meeting of the Representative body of our Society he had ever attended, because of the subject that had been before us. He asked if the ministers should be more devoted Christians than the membership generally? And answered NO! If all are consecrated wholly, money will always be forthcoming when needed; and as more money is furnished, more work is done. He quoted the text concerning the gathering of manna by the Hebrews in the wilderness, that whether one shall gather much, or another little, none had anything over; hence equality amongst God s people is according to His will

Mary Rodgers: "We are His witnesses," &c. We should make our consecration practical, and our profession of holiness practical also.

The meeting then adjourned to a future day.

Saviour," &c., was sung at this time with great appropriateness.

This was followed by testimonies from thirty-nine to what the Lord had done for them in the salvation of their souls; but some of them claimed to have experienced the baptism of the Holy Ghost, and thanked God, for His keeping power, in keeping them from sinning.

Tenth mo. 10th.-There was a meeting this morning beginning at 8 o'clock, as, by the arrangement last year, meetings for worship are to be held morning and evening during the continuance of the Yearly Meeting.

E. C. Siler read Psalm li. and commented somewhat on it. This was followed by prayer by E. C. S., N. McLean and others.

N. McLean spoke from the words "I will teach transgressors thy way" as found in the Psalm read as the opening lesson. "This is a positive statement."

A Friend prayed that the baptism of the Holy Ghost might be conferred upon the gathering, as well as that sinners might be converted, also thanked God for the presentation of the subject of sanctification in this life.

Wm. Farquhar "desired that God may become to us an abiding guest, and not a visitor only."

E C. S. said "the judgment must be convinced before we can accept the truth." He read from Malachi the words 'Behold I send my messenger," &c. "The Lord whom ye seek," ("here are seekers") shall suddenly come to his temple, and his temple must be holy. Behold he shall come," &c.; he read the remainder of the chapter, and commented on it. Prayer followed by J. L. Bean.

Thomas Miller, of Ohio, then spoke from the words "Behold I stand at the door and knock." "Come unto Me." Who spoke this? He has all power, unIt speakable power; He is ready now to give rest. is now ready at hand for us, as soon as we are ready to take it. Barclay Hampton, of Iowa, said we cannot get anything out of a man that is not in him; that it is the will of God that we all be wholly sanctified, to do His will. Sam'! Lloyd offered prayer and thanksgiving.

Testimony to the goodness of our Heavenly Father was given by several, and Z. Powell spoke from the text, "Behold, I stand at the door," &c., and illustrated by common custom among us here in America of opening the door to any one who knocks at it, even though it be an enemy,-one with evil designs,—we open unhesitatingly, even though it be at our peril. And yet how few of us open the door of the heart when the Spirit knocks for admittance into the heart, that He may do us good?"

After a number had given testimony, interspersed with songs of praise, the meeting closed.

The first meeting for business was opened by singing the Coronation" song, "All hail the power of Jesus' name," and prayer by a number. After some prelim. inary business, such as appointing committees for service during the sittings of the Yearly Meeting, certificates from other Yearly Meetings were read for the following ministers, all of whom, together with some others, whose minutes had been mislaid for the time, were welcomed and invited to feel themselves at home amongst us, and to exercise their several gifts as their Master directed: From New England Yearly MeetEli Jones and his companion, Caleb Jones, and Mary H. Morrell; all of Maine. From New York Yearly Meeting, Robert B. Howland. From Ohio Yearly Meeting, Noah C. McLean, Lydia M. Stanley, Loretta Pim and husband, Adam Pim, as companion, Lydia M. Jenkins, Phebe Hoyle and companion, Ann