For Friends' Review. Corroboration of the Views of Friends from Outside the Society.

BY MARY E. BECK.

No. 5.

Intimately connected with the subject of Baptism is that of the Supper; and it may not be amiss to dwell for a few moments on the gross superstition which crept into the church regarding this latter rite as well as the former, that we may be prepared the better to appreciate the freedom of those who, not being held by a legal bondage to the letter, can rejoice in feeding spiritually at all times and places on that true Bread which nourisheth up the soul unto everlasting life. To such, a weekly or monthly celebration as a memorial of their Lord's expiatory death would seem indeed but a feeble substitute for that more constant communion with their risen Saviour by which alone their spiritual health is maintained.

Chrysostom, who lived in the fourth century, calls the Lord's Supper "a most awful sacrifice, at which the very angels shuddered." The viaticum, or holy wafer, was considered, as its name implies, to be a passport to heaven when put in the mouths of the dying; it was kept in the houses of the people, and attached to their persons like a charm. I

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CORRESPONDENCE.-Meeting Ind. Christian Asso.-Ancient Wines 222
POETRY.-How the Children Saved Naumburg.
SUMMARY OF NEWS..

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It was sometimes even buried with the corpse. To the rite of infant baptism was added, by a canon of one of the provincial councils, that of infant communion, which was enjoined to be given the unconscious child before it partook of any nourishment! Salvation was said to be impossible without a participation in these "tremendous mysteries." It was no marvel that there should have been a revolt amongst the spiritually minded even in early ages, against such fearful superstition. Berenger, who died in 1088, says: "The true, the imperishable body of Christ is eaten only by the true members of Christ, in a spiritual manner.”

Peter de Bruis, Abbot of Clugni, held with some others, that the sacrament was no longer to be administered. And he was in consequence, burnt at St. Giles, Languedoc. In the eleventh century, Robert, king of France, caused thirteen noblemen to be burnt at the stake on the same ground. Cyprian, who suffered martyrdom in 258, says: "The eating of Christ is our abiding in Him, and our drinking is, as it were, a certain incorporation in Him. None eateth of this Lamb but such as be true Israelites. He is the food of the mind, not of the stomach."

"

In the Ploughman's Complaint," a quaint book written in the fourteenth century, the writer says: "Lord, we believe that thy flesh is very meat and thy blood very drink, and He that eateth

this bread shall live without end. But, Lord, thy disciples said this is a hard word; but thou answeredst them, the Spirit it is that maketh you alive; the words that I have spoken to you are spirit and life. Lord, blessed mayst thou be, for in this word thou teaclest us that he that keepeth thy words and doth them, eateth thy flesh and drinketh thy blood and hath everlasting life in thee.” The Protestant idea of taking the Lord's Supper simply as a memorial feast is far removed from the grossness connected with it in the dark ages, yet it is still too apt to be considered of saving efficacy, and even to be made, as one well known evangelist remarked, an object of dependence coming between Christ and the soul. Whatever does this, must be a loss. The Society of Friends have by no means been alone in considering that our Lord did not intend to establish any outward rite as essential to His Church. Ecolampadius, the Swiss Reformer, said to a conference held in 1527, "Since we have the spiritual eating, what need of the bodily one?"

Schwenkfeld, a Silesian nobleman who lived in the time of Luther, and studied the Scriptures day and night, expresses his belief that it was not intended that the spiritual eating of the Lord's Supper should be tied to such outward eating and drinking; and he never partook of it himself or recommended it to his followers, though he left them to their liberty. His words are, "The eternal High Priest, Christ Jesus, invites the believing table guests unto holiness, and it is tied to no outward thing. As often as a man receives divine sweetnesss in Christ, so often he keeps the Lord's Supper with Christ. We shall also strive that we may keep it daily with Him." In the Spectator for August 1872, is the following statement in reply to Dr. Newman's "Christianity as a System:"

"The words in which the Eucharist is spoken of by St Luke and St. Paul in no respect introduce that meaning which the Church has put upon them. What can be stronger against the sanctity of particular places, nay, of any institution, rites or persons at all than our Lord's declaration that God is a Spirit, and that they who worship Him must worship Him in spirit and in truth? The tone of the New Testament is unsacramental; and the impression it leaves on the mind is not that of a priesthood and its attendant system."

The Duhobortzi or Malakans, a religious body living chiefly in the south of Russia, whose moral character is said to be most exemplary, say that they always communicate or hold spiritual and lifegiving communion with Christ; but the symbols of bread and wine they do not receive. Dean Stanley, in his "Christian Institutions" remarks that the very word Eucharist implies "a sacrifice of praise and thanksgiving." He tells us that in early times, "it was the common festive gathering of rich and poor in the same social meal, to which, as St. Paul enjoined, every one was to bring his portion. And further, with this practice, of which almost all traces have disappeared from all modern modes of administering the Lord's Supper, there

was united, from the earliest times, the practice of collecting alms and contributions for the poor, at the time when our Christian community and fellowship with each other is most impressed upon us. . . . It is clear that the sacrifice, the offering, is not made by the priest, not by the ministers, but by the congregation. They make these sacrifices from their own substance, and in those sacrifices, so far as they come from a willing or bounti ful heart, God is well pleased."

This is certainly very different from the modern idea of the administration of the Supper, and could we meet together and join in a simple meal, commemorating our Lord's death by acts of kindness to His brethren," it might indeed be a blessed fellowship! How sweet to remember that every outward act may be done "in remembrance" of Him. "Whether therefore, ye eat or drink, or whatsoever ye do, do all to the glory of God."

Selected for Friends' Review.

TESTIMONY OF A JEW TO CHRIST.

The following very remarkable passage is taken from an exposition of Isaiah liii. delivered before the Council of the Senate of the University of Cambridge, (England) in 1882, by Dr. SchillerSzinessy, who is perhaps the most learned Jewish scholar living. It is probable that very few Friends have seen the pamphlet from which our extract is copied; and we have therefore desired to draw their attention to the language employed by a Hebrew thinker towards Him whom Friends own as the Light that lighteneth every man that cometh into the world. We venture to think that when these sentences have been, pondered, they will add a new force to that deep saying of St. Paul in which he declares that "the receiving of them shall be life from the dead."

"And as for the Messiah, the usherer in of this Golden age: Well, the heathen had four ages of the world, and so have we who stand on God's revela tion. But, if they commenced with the Golden and finished with the Iron age, we on the contrary, commenced with the Iron and finish with the Golden age. We commenced with the age of Might and finish with the age of Right. We commenced with matter and we finish with the Spirit: we commenced with Satan and we finish with God. And as regards the Saviourship of Jesus, what have the Jews to say? I mean of course, the thinking, the enlightened Jews, the Jews who have a religion in their heart, the Jews whose religion does not consist in the mere negation of the religion of their neighbors: Do these Jews grudge Jesus of Nazareth his Saviourship? No! and a thousand times no! for how could they do so? Surely every enlightened and pious Jew must see and freely acknowledge that if Jesus is no Saviour of those who do not be lieve on him, he is a Saviour of those who do believe on him. For what were the Gentiles before the light of Christianity rose upon them? Chaste lips cannot repeat what their own great authors write of them and their immorality. No one can

read without a burning cheek what Seneca says of their married women, what Juvenal says of their men, what Tacitus says of their emperors, what our and your St. Paul, the Jew and the Christian, says of the moral degradation of the Roman converts previously to their conversion to moral and glorious Christianity. Of a truth! Jesus is a Saviour of the Gentile world, seeing that ye, Gentile Christians, are the seal of his Saviourship in God! May then Christianity yet bring many thousands and millions of men to Christian worship, to the worship of the God first recognized and taught by Israel to mankind. May Christianity make known to the unconverted heathen the Unknown God, the Creator of heaven and earth, Him who desireth His human creatures to be just and righteous and above all, holy, even as He Himself is just and righteous and holy.”

From The Christian.

THE CHOLERA IN NAPLES.

The following extracts are from a letter of Mme. Meuricoffie, Naples, sister of Mrs. Josephine Butler. She and her husband were on a visit to England, when, hearing how severe was the outbreak of cholera in Naples, they hastened back to be at the post of duty:

"It was sad in coming from Rome to dash with our little train of two carriages (containing only ourselves and some poor workmen) through the market garden tract of country between Cancella and Naples, and to see the thousands of great golden gourds, beautiful melons, and scarlet tomatoes lying rotting on the ground; and then to enter the nearly empty station. The station is in the sorely visited Mercati district, and I had forbidden anyone to meet us. But F. was there, accompanied by Mr. - who handed me down, with tears running down his cheeks. Oh, how sad the city looked! Accustomed to watch our coachman thread his way adroitly through the long Marinella, in the midst of a moving mass of trams, carriages, omnibuses, ox wagons, mule carts, and foot-passengers, as thick as in the Strand, in London, the change struck us much. It was a desert; a long, empty vista, except for two or three old omnibuses piled up to the top with coffins, going to the cholera pits at Poggi Reale. Up all those little crowded streets which un up from Marinella, where the poor live in high houses, several families in one room, opening upon a common stair, there were piles of coffins at the foot of the stairs, waiting for the dying. Signor M

went on Saturday to one of the warehouses, and while he was unlocking the door eight corpses were carried out of the next door; he felt sick, and returned to his house.

"The doctors have not time to report all the cases, because as soon as one sufferer is judged past hope they must leave him to hurry to another. The King's example has done much good. Many persons of influence and authority, who had hidden themselves away in the country, felt ashamed, and

came back to town to accompany him. I am glad King Humbert has shown himself so humane and brave. I always thought his face had power in it; it is not the countenance of an ordinary man. We met him in the night returning to Monza. At one station we saw a touching sight-a party of elderly Garibaldians, in their old red shirts and medals, coming down to devote themselves to waiting upon the sick. When we

The blind panic is over

turned into the court a crowd of poor men and their wives surrounded us, kissing our hands, with tears and smiles, and sighs of relief, and thanks to us for coming. It was such a reward. They are like children, or like animals who turn to their masters when frightened. S has established an economic kitchen in a poor quarter, where a certain number can dine wholesomely every day. There will be many orphans to be cared for. . . 'Thou wilt keep him in perfect peace whose mind is stayed on Thee.' Yes, perfect peace. If, now and then, amidst sickening sights and smells, a sudden chill comes over one, as if one had swallowed death, and one catches one's breath with a momentary apprehension, at once there comes the assurance that God is faithful. The sudden spasm of fear softly relaxes, and it is again perfect peace." In a letter, dated Naples, September 28, Mr. Stephen Burrows, harbor evangelist, writes:

I have heard of noble work being done by members of the evangelical churches here, administering all kinds of comforts to the sick and destitute. I was witness to the earnest efforts of the Wesleyan minister and the members of that church in alleviating human distress. The Red, White, and Green Cross Societies are doing willing work among the smitten ones.

"Several English ladies are active in their different spheres. Instead of fleeing from the fell destroyer, they have opened soup kitchens, orphanages, &c., and one lady employs 400 women in making underclothing for the poor people.

"I would plead with Christian people in England to provide Sailors' Rests in these plaguestricken ports. One Rest is opened at Naples, and help is needed to open one in every large port in the Italian peninsula, Sicily, and the Adriatic. Mr. S. J. Alexander, Ashfield, Leominster, has kindly consented to receive and administer the funds. Mr. Alexander is well acquainted with the ports here, and has a warm sympathy for our seamen. Captain Darbey, of Gosport, has a similar knowledge of what is required. A committee of English residents will direct the Rests in each port."

IF TEMPTATIONS were not urgent enough to require strong resolution and real self-denial to overcome them, what would they amount to as tests of principle? Character is not acquired without testing and labor. Let us not complain that temptations beset, but rather pray that when they come we may be prepared to meet them as Christians.- Western Christian Advocate.

RELIGIOUS INTELLIGENCE

THE GOSPEL IN GERMANY.-There is no reason for losing faith in the onward sweep of the Gospel. Dr. Christlieb would readily admit that it is advancing, even in Germany. The evidences of is advancing, even in Germany. The evidences of this are not difficult to find.

1. There has been a great improvement, in the past twenty years, in the theological tone of German Protestantism. Rationalism has been dislodged from most of the universities, and their influence is overwhelmingly for supernatural Christianity. Even Tubingen appears among the evangelical prophets. This is a fact of tremendous significance; for, if the great universities are educating the youth in a reverent belief, they are affecting more profoundly the future character of German Christianity than any other influence save the pulpit. The theological literature is also of the same type. Dorner, and Christlieb, and Meyer, and Delitzsch, and Hagenbach, and Luthardt, and Nitzsch, and Reuss, and Ulrici, and Weiss-these, and such. as these, are the teachers and writers most listened to and honored in Germany.

2. The Churches are exhibiting a vital Christianity. There is abundant testimony to show, if the fact of the character of the universities and theological literature were not conclusive, that the pulpit is preaching a purer Gospel to-day than for purer Gospel to-day than for generations past; and certainly the great scheme of home and foreign missions, growing as it is in favor, in income, and in results, is a positive indication that the Churches are awakening to the calls of duty. Rationalism does not call out enthusiasm and liberality and sacrifice for such purposes.

3. There is an improvment in church attendance, at least, in some districts. Dr. Christlieb took, in Berlin and in Hamburg, two extreme cases. Hamburg has long been notorious for its neglect of wɔrship; and the Catholic churches have been quite as bare as the Protestant. Berlin has exceptionally meager church accommodations, but is it not better, instead of worse, in this respect than it used to be? Within a year we have seen credible testimony that there is more church-going in the capital now than ever before, and that new churches and new parishes are demanded and are being supplied. So, also, the statistics of church attendance in Leipzig show a very gratifying improvement.

These are weighty facts, and if they are put into the scale with those given by Dr Christlieb on the other side, it will be found, we think, that they greatly preponderate. We believe, and we are confident that Dr. Christlieb would not deny, that there is more vital Christianity in Germany to-day than there has been since the rise of Rationalism. -Exchange.

THE friends of the foreign mission cause in Europe are just now on the qui vive as to the operations and outcome of a new movement that is as unique as it is significant. It is a fact beyond dispute, that the great and good work of spreading the Gospel news among the nations of the world has been exclusively performed by the conservative

An

and confessional elements of Christianity, and that those who claim to represent the liberal views, of various shades, in matters of religion, have been, if not directly in opposition to mission work, yet apathetic and indifferent to its interests. The liberal sections of the German Church, especially a number of prominent members of the Protestantenverein, seem to have felt the sting of this accusation, and have taken the iuitiatory step toward the prosecution of mission work from their standpoint. appeal to this effect was, some months ago, published, and the result is an "Allgemeine Evangelisch-Protestantischer Missionsverein," in which a number of professors of Jena and Heidelberg, the two most liberal theological faculties of Germany, are the chief workers. The new society over against the distinctly scriptural and confessional basis of other societies, is based upon the broadest foundation of general Evangelical Protestant convictions." It in no wise desires to be considered an opposition to the existing mission societies. On the contrary in its appeal it acknowledges the duty devolving upon all Christianity of engaging in mission work, and recognizes with the highest regard and gratitude, the great blessing which the mission work so far has achieved." The new society shows all the vigor of youth.. Conferences have been held, especially in Thuringia, branch societies have been organized, and unofficially a connection with the Bramo Somaj, of India, has been sought. The organ of these reformatory East Indians welcomes the new movement, but adds: We fear that the clinging to the Christian name will prove to be an element of weakness, as was the case with Parker, of America, and the Unitarians of England." For the present no missionaries are to be sent out; but the effort will be made, through scientific work, to appeal to the educated classes in the Gentile world, upon whom the missions of to-day have had little or no influence.-Independent.

No clearly defined line separates the three great religious sects of China. Each in turn has borrowed of the others, while at the present time it may be doubted whether there are to be found any pure Confucianists, pure Buddhists, or pure Taoists. Confucianism has provided the moral basis and Buddhism and Taoism have supplied the supernatural elements wanting in that system.-Gospel In All Lands.

A GIRL'S Training School is much needed at the Syrian Mission at Ramallah near Jerusalem. Eli Jones desires to raise $6,000 from American Friends for that work.

ONLY ONE DAY AT A TIME.-A certain lady had met with a very serious accident, which required a very painful surgical operation and many months' confinement to her bed. When the physician had finished his work and was about taking his leave, the patient asked, "Doctor, how long shall I have to lie here helpless?"

"O, only one day at a time," was the cheery answer, and the poor sufferer was not only com

forted for the moment, but many times during the succeding dreary weeks did the thought, "Only one day at a time," come back with its quieting influence.

I think it was Sydney Smith who recommended taking "short views" as a good safeguard against needless worry: and One, far wiser than he, said -Take, therefore, no thought for the morrow, for the morrow shall take thought for the things of itself. Sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof. -Presbyterian.

Abridged from The Haverfordian.

THE HAVERFORD LAWN PARTY. One week before the opening of the Autumn term, our beautiful college park was the scene of the pleasantest of the festivities which were enjoyed, through the liberality of the Philadelphians, by the foreign and American scientists attending the meeting of the American Association. The college authorities had desired to offer some mark of respect to these distinguished visitors, and acceded with great pleasure to the request of the ladies' committee that our grounds should be used for this grand reception.

From 5 o'clock in the afternoon till 9 o'clock, the grounds and buildings were thronged by a most interesting company of gentlemen and ladies from the British isles and Canada, various countries on the continent of Europe, Japan, and the United States. Many of the guests spoke with pleasure of the informality of the occasion, and the entire ease and freedom which they felt; and all pronounced the green turf and verdant shade, the pure country air, and the comfortable temperature, a most welcome change from the stifling city, where they had been confined during a week of the most oppressive heat which our climate ever inflicts upon us. The beauty of our grounds won universal commendation. "How like the park of an English nobleman!" said a dignitary of the Church of England to Bishop Stevens, as they approached the college. That the students were happy to whom the enjoyment of these scenes is always open, was a frequent remark. The rooms in Barclay Hall were 'praised for their cosy convenience, pleasant outlook, and tasteful furnishing; the library and alumni hall (from which the benches had been taken and disposed about the grounds) was a favorite resort; and a large number of distinguished scientists visited, with great interest, the observatories and the laboratory.

As dark approached the grounds were illuminated with electric and calcium lights. The effect was particularly beautiful from a distance.

Many of the most prominent ladies and gentlemen of the city and region were present, including a number of eminent graduates and friends of the college. The following is a very imperfect list of some of the visitors who came from a greater distance; Sir James and Lady Douglass, of Scotland; Sir Frederick Bramwell, of London; Anna Maria Fox, sister of Caroline Fox, of Penjerrick,

--the greatest centre of attraction during the whole evening; Captain Bedford Pim; Prof. John C. Adams, of Cambridge, the joint discoverer with Leverrier of the planet Neptune; Dr. Robert S Hall, Royal Astronomer of Ireland; Prof. Vernon Harcourt, the accomplished professor of chemistry at Christ Church, Oxford, William Penn's College; Dr. Edward B. Tylor, the distinguished anthropologist; Prof. Dewar; several Cambridge dons, among whom one; Prof. Lascelles, was of towering stature; Prof. Sylvanus P. Thompson, of Bristol College; Father Perry, director of the observatory at Stonyhurst; Prof. Fitzgerald, of Dublin; Sir Erastus Ommaney, F.R.S.; Prof., Henrici and Prof. Carruthers, of London; the Bishop of Huron; Canon Carver, Capt. Belford, Dr. Sterry Hunt, Sir G. Vernon Harcourt and Lady Harcourt, Prof. Valentini, of Germany, and several French and Hungarian professors; Mr. Kakighi, of Japan; etc. It would be entirely beyond our limits to give a list of the prominent Americans present, representing all our leading universities and colleges; but it may not be invidious to mention Prof. Asa Gray, of Cambridge, and his accomplished wife.

RURAL.

THE TEA PLANT IN AMERICA.-There have been singular mistakes made from the first in regard to tea culture in the South. Some twenty-five years ago the government thought it would like to know whether the Chinese tea would grow in the South, and they sent an agent to China to get seeds. At that very time, hundreds of tea trees were growing in the South, producing seeds, and nurserymen were raising plants for their trade both from these seeds and from cuttings. Any nurseryman could have told the government that the tea plant would grow very well in the South, and on a year's notice could have furnished, under contract, as many plants as desired for distribution. But the seed came, plants were raised, and distributed everywhere, and that was about the last of it.

During the last few years, the government again tried its hand. Again it did not appeal to nurserymen or tree growers of experiènce, and again we have the result in the announcement that it "can't be done."

Tea has

Now, this is all nonsense. The tea plant has been grown successfully, and is still growing successfully in many parts of the South. been made from the leaves as good and as cheap as the Chinese ever made. Let the government give but a bounty-protection, if you like to call itfor a few years for private enterprise, and we will guarantee the success of the Chinese tea plant as a tea product in America. We do not need hundreds of acres for experiments.-Gardeners' Monthly.

THE COW IS QUEEN.-A few years ago many people stood ready to claim that cotton was king. Statistics are abundant by which this claim can be, in part, substantiated, but very few people seem desirous of claiming that King Cotton ever did