is the New Testament lexicography, even in its most important elements, rooted in this language. Such works as pistis, dikaiosune, elpis, ecclesia and others as technical terms have an historical basis in the pre-Christian literature, and a more thorough investigation of this could prove only profitable to the investigation of New Testament linguistics. Deutsch, in his article "Talmud," makes some important remarks on this subject. ITEMS. A SLAVE AUCTIONEER.-Mr. John Campbell, who believes that he is now the sole survivor of the American Slave-auctioneers, has just published his confessions, which, as might be expected, are singularly interesting. He became a Slave-auctioneer in 1835, and carried on the business for nearly twenty-six years, during which period he sold no fewer than fifteen thousand human beings. The largest sum he ever obtained for a single slave was 9000 dollars-that price being paid by a Tennessee bachelor for a beautiful quadroon girl at Louisville in 1853. Other girls, ranging in color from light chocolate to white, brought from 3000 dollars to 6000 dollars; and New Orleans, Louisiana, Charleston and Baltimore were at one time the best markets for such "goods." After 1858, however, the trade at Louisville and Baltimore, on account of the proximity of those cities to the North, rapidly declined, and no sales were effected there after the beginning of 1861. Many traces of the old slavedealing days still remain. Beneath most of the Southern hotels that were built before the war there are cellars in which the servants of travellers used to be locked up for the night. Mr. Campbell sold his last slave in May, 1861; he was going from St. Louis to New Orleans on board the Mississippi steamer Star of the South, and one of his fellow passengers (who was taking some negroes to a plantation in Arkansas) happened to lose all his ready money at poker. The man thereupon staked two of his male slaves, and lost them. They were at once put up at auction; but, owing to the bad times, sold for only 1600 dollars the two. It is worth noticing that in Mr. Campbell's opinion the most tyrannical slave-masters were the Northerners who had settled in the South. The true Southerners were, he says, almost uniformly kind and considerate in their treatment of their human chattels. -Western Times, 18th June, 1884. HONOR TO REAL GREATNESS.-Sir Harry Vincent said at the recent Anti-Slavery Jubilee: "I was very intimate with Mr. Wilberforce during the latter years of his life, and well remember his eloquent denunciation of slavery and his efforts for its abolition. I cannot forget what took place at his funeral. The members of the House of Commons, assembled in the House, were marshalled by Sir Robert Inglis and Sir Fowell Buxton. Some one took my arm, and we walked out two and two. I did not see who was my companion until, in the lobby, I looked round and saw that it was Sir Robert Peel. We crossed the road slowly to the door of the Abbey at Poet'scorner, and then all round the Abbey, pausing from time to time for ten minutes or a quarter of an hour. Sir Robert Peel said, 'This I consider the highest honor ever paid to any Englishman. At Pitt's and at Canning's funeral the House attended, but it was by a vote of the House. Now we are all here, every member, spontaneously(-cheers)-without any vote or resolution. It is a tribute, perhaps never exceeded, to virtue, religion, and successful effort in a great cause.' A PRAYER FOR PEACE. Give us peace in our time, O Lord, The preachers of Thy word And of widows, forlorn as they, Of the unreturning brave. For the sake of the perishing Realm Selected. SO TIRED! CHARLES MACKAY. So tired, so tired of the world, Its songs end in sadness, And false are its friendships and joys. So tired, so weary of sin, Galled by its bondage and chain; That Thou canst give pardon and peace. Dearly He bought thee, Long hath He sought thee,- EVANGELA. SUMMARY OF NEWS. FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.-Advices from Europe are to the 15th inst. GREAT BRITAIN.-An apparent attempt to blow up London Bridge was made on the 13th, about 5.40 P. M. The kind of explosive used, and the mode or place of applying it, were matter of doubt. The explosion appeared to be under the bridge, near the southern end, but whether a boat had been allowed to drift into the arch containing explosives with a burning fuse attached, or whether a packet of dynamite was thrown from the bridge or the shore, is not known. No damage was done to the bridge, but nearly all the windows were broken in houses along the river, especially on the northern side, for a distance of a quarter of a mile, and gaslights were extinguished by the concussion. Some persons who were on the bridge were thrown down; but only one was seriously injured. River traffic, happily, was suspended owing to darkness, otherwise serious results might have occurred. London Bridge is said to be "the greatest thoroughfare in the world." Four lines of vehicles are kept in continuous motion by the vigilant action of the police, and the sidewalks are equally thronged. It is stated that 50,000 persons cross the bridge daily to and from one railroad station alone. The captain and mate of the yacht Mignonette were sentenced to death, but the sentence has been commuted to six months' imprisonment without labor. The Skye crofters have publicly announced that they will pay no more rent until it has been reduced. They declare that they have been so impoverished by the long continuance of excessive rents that they cannot pay what is demanded. Officers who attempted to serve writs of ejection at Uig were driven away by the crofters, who pelted them with stones and mud. C. Bradlaugh, who appealed against the verdict of the jury which found him guilty of a misdemeanor in voting in the House of Commons as member for Northampton after having administered the oath to himself, has been refused a new trial. FRANCE. The Senate, on the 8th, passed by a vote of 136 to 24 the Senatorial Reform bill as it was drafted by the committee. The Chamber of Deputies, on the 9th, by a majority of 67 rejected the amendment providing for the election of Senators by universal suffrage and then adopted the bill without amendment. The passage of this bill is considered to amount to a vote of confidence in the Government. In the discussion by the Chamber of the Public Worship Estimate bill, the Vice-President of the Chamber demanded the suppression of the worship budget. A member denied the right of the Chamber to take such a step, which would be equivalent to a renunciation of the Concordat. The proposition was rejected. On another day the Chamber rejected motions to restore the stipends of the superior clergy, and to restore the credits for scholarships. The Senate, on the Ioth, voted the Tonquin credits with but one dissenting vote. The Paris journal Figaro asserts that King Norodom, of Cambodia, in India, having refused to sign a treaty placing his dominions under a French protectorate, the French Governor of Cochin China, attended by a body of armed marines, forced his way into the King's palace, entered his chamber and compelled him to sign the document. It is said the King has sent to President Grévy a protest against this proceeding. GERMANY. In the Reichstag, on the 15th, a motion to create a second directorship in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, though strongly urged by Prince Bismarck, who declared the present staff inadequate, was defeated by 143 votes to 114. In the Committee of the Congo Conference, the American delegate, Minister Kasson, presented a prop. osition that all territory defined in the first declaration of the Conference be treated as neutral, and that the Powers occupying it shall not make war on each other or on the natives. The French and Portuguese delegates oppose this proposition; the Germans are silent, and the English indifferent. AUSTRIA HUNGARY.-By a colliery explosion at Anuna Steyrdorf in the south of Hungary, 75 men were killed, all heads of families. The Lower House of the Parliament has voted to maintain the suspension of jury trials at Vienna and Kornenburg, and to continue the military tribunals at Cattaro. RUSSIA. The Minister of the Interior has ordered the expulsion of all Jews residing in Odessa, Kieff and other large cities with foreign passports, unless they possess also special Government permits of residence. Many Jewish business firms of those cities will proba. bly be obliged to go into liquidation. EGYPT. A dispath from Korti received in London on the 15th, said that a messenger who had arrived there, having left Khartoum eleven days before, reported Gen. Gordon well, and that he had recently defeated the rebels severely at Underman. It is reported that the Mahdi's lieutenant is advancing through the desert upon Dongola, and that the Mahdi has ordered his lieutenants in Darfur and Kordofan to send to him at Khartoum all available troops, munitions and stores. DOMESTIC.-The New Orleans Exhibition was formally opened on the 16th inst. in the presence of the State and city officials and a large number of invited guests. President Arthur not being able to leave Washington, sent an address by telegraph, and by electric connection set the machinery in motion. CONGRESS.—The Senate has passed bills providing for the admission of Dakota as a State; for the sale of the Cherokee Reservation in Arkansas; amending the bill prohibiting the delivery of registered letters and the payment of money orders to lottery companies, by extending its provisions to all lotteries, not merely "fraudulent " ones; and the House joint resolution continuing the work of the Census Bureau. The House passed the Military Academy Appropriation bill and a bill to establish a Department of Agriculture. THE Friends' Review. A RELIGIOUS, LITERARY AND MISCELLANEOUS JOURNAL. Abstract from the Exercises of the Women's Yearly Meeting, Indiana, 1884. We have been deeply impressed by the great responsibility resting upon us, and realize that we should be women rich in faith and full of the Holy Ghost, ready to serve the Lord day and night, not neglecting to seek an acquaintance with Jesus; that in the training of our dear children we should be careful to give to older and younger the proper food, that they should grow up with a broad character for honesty, truthfulness, and integrity, good ground upon which to receive the seed of the gospel. Neither singing, nor preaching nor silence alone is worship, but worship is performed when our souls touch God. Draw near to Him and He will draw near to us. We should place a high value on silent worship; because something is not being done in our meetings is no reason why we should think the meeting is not blessed. Sometimes when we have a good sermon preached it seems as if the best thing to follow is a period of silence that the Spirit may preach it over again. A holy silence before the Lord is as truly worship as more active service, and that is the best preparation for active labor of the Lord's servants. We should all strive to know what the Lord would have us to do. It is not for those alone who sit upon the upper seats to be called to deliver a message, but the gospel may be preached by those who Health Items...... POETRY.-Thanksgiving-Prayer for the Absent Sailor........... 335 SUMMARY OF NEWS.. .... ... 335 sit in the back part of the meeting house. We have no stereotyped way of holding our meetings for worship; sanctified good common sense is the best guide. We should be engrafted into Christ the Living Head. Women have a public as well as a private duty to perform. The Lord lays his hand upon us for service in a public way as clearly now as in days of old. There are misssons we can undertake which men cannot perform, and we should not be found asking to be excused. Then in private life we have grand opportunities of doing good to the young by instilling into their minds a love of truth and righteousness. Mothers should be careful to secure the confidence and affection of all their children, respond to their questions, listen with interest to what they have to tell, and make our homes equally attractive and pleasant for both boys and girls. The minds of children are so easily influenced that great care should be taken to direct them in their reading. Sisters can do much towards forming the character of their brothers. In order that all shall work effectually, we should seek to be endued with power from on high, and when called to work for the Lord first settle as to our own definite work, and then do not let a feeling of doubt come into our minds as to that being our work. Such doubt is a delusion of the devil. Whether it be to preach or to write, be consecrated to the work; let God be in the work, in this is united (1 Tim. iii. 16), in the great work of creating, redeeming and perpetually upholding and sustaining all things. the power. D. L. Moody once heard an evangelist say he would like to see what the Lord would do with a man that was entirely consecrated to Him, and he resolved he would be that man, with what They also believe the Bible account of the creresult the world knows. The Lord showed Moses ation, fall and redemption of man to be a plain in the Mount the pattern of the Tabernacle, giving historical fact; that he was created upright, in the direction as to the minutest things, but here the Divine image, and clothed with those superior Lord's work ended and Moses' began; he did not faculties that constituted him an accountable being, sit down and expect the Lord to put all the mate- and in this condition a law was given to him well rials into his hands, but he stirred himself to come calculated to test his fealty to his Creator, obedience up to the work to do it, and as he made use of the to which secured his continued felicity, and to its most natural means for carrying on the work, the violation was attached the penalty of death; that Lord supernaturally blessed the effort. We.should through the seduction of an enemy, man violated `remember the injunction of our blessed Redeemer that law and rendered himself obnoxious to the to "Watch." Be careful to dedicate our children penalty, and that such was the benevolence of the to the Lord; they are only lent blessings, and we Great Creator toward deceived and ruined man, should realize our duty to God by bringing every that His love conceived, His wisdom arranged, and one of them to Him. He will hold us accountable His power executed, a glorious scheme, adequate to for the words we utter before them. We are scatmeet all the requirements of that penalty-that tering seeds that will lead them to Christ or drag scheme which began to be developed early after them down to eternal death. We should collect the fall, had a primary reference to the Messiah them, read the Bible to them and bring the truth and gospel times, and which at sundry times and home to their minds, and let the child be able to in divers manners was referred to by Old Testament praise God for its mother's prayers. The Lord writers, sometimes in language somewhat obscure, never entrusted a duty that he did not give us such as the seed of the woman, the seed of Abraham, strength to perform. If we want ripe fruit in the the Shiloh which was to come, the Stone of Israel, autumn we must sow our seed in the springtime. the Child born, the Son given, the mighty God, We should be faithful in our own homes and in the everlasting Father, the Prince of Peace. It the attendance of all our meetings, and a rich seems clear that the Omniscient eye at once perblessing will attend us; nothing is gained by ab- ceived that the same sense of guilt that caused our senting ourselves from our places of worship; we primeval parents after their fall to fear to meet should be loyal to our own church. We should their Creator, would disqualify their descendants not bring an offering which costs us nothing. If from having direct access to Him as in the days of the Lord should call us in the harvest time would their innocency; and, compassionating their weakwe be ready? May we have consecrated boldness ness, He adapted His requirements to their altered to serve the Master. God will give us the reward condition, and gave them teachers, instructors and in Eternity if not here. Now unto Him that loves leaders, chosen from among themselves, who, us, and washes us from our sins in his own Blood, clothed with His power, filled with His wisdom, and hath made us kings and priests unto God and and sustained by His grace, became the media His Father, to Him be glory and dominion for through which He continued His general instruction ever and ever. to man. Prominent among these was Moses, the great law-giver, through whom was given a moral and religious system, no doubt wisely adapted to a transition or state of pupilage, largely made up of outward rites, ceremonies and offerings, important among which were the offerings for sin. As these could not make the observers or comers thereunto perfect, they would appear totally unmeaning, only as they are understood to typify or prefigure the one great universal offering for sin, made by the Lord Jesus Christ when, in the fullness of time, He offered up His own life upon the cross, once for all-a free offering for the sins of the whole world, that God might be just and the justifier of him who believeth in Jesus, even the Just for the unjust, that He might bring erring man back to God. We understand the teaching of Scripture to be that in reference to the salvation of the soul, out of Christ God is not known; that all the blessings of the gospel flow to man through the Lord Jesus Christ. Hence, when we speak of the sufferings and death of Christ as an atonement for sin, or of the blood of Christ as a cleanser from sin, or of His grace as an imparter of power, or Amen. For Friend's Review. AN ESSAY ON THE PRINCIPLES OF Under existing circumstances, when few are willing to accept a mere traditional faith, each anxious to examine for himself the foundation upon which he stands, and even when there is much speculation upon abstruse phases of theological belief, it seems peculiarly fitting to promulgate a synopsis of our Christian principles in some important particulars, that it may be seen that those principles harmonize not only with the universally acknowledged standard-the Holy Scriptures-but are such as have been held by the Society of Friends from the beginning. Friends believe in one omnipotent, omnipresent and omniscient Supreme Being, unbounded in love, incomprehensible in wisdom, and unlimited in power; that this great Being is represented to us in Scripture in the three-fold character of Father, Son and Holy Ghost, God over all, mysteriously the faith that comes by Him, by which means alone we are enabled to grasp all the blessings of the gospel of peace, or when we refer to Him as our Great Exemplar, or to His representative, the Comforter, the Spirit of Truth, that comes in His name, that convicts of sin, and in greater fullness dwells with the believer-we mean to comprehend under the phrases used all the blessings which flow to man-to all the believers in Jesus, through the miraculous conception and birth, holy life, meritorious death and triumphant resurrection and ascension to the right hand of God of the Lord Jesus Christ, the only Mediator between sinful man and a sinless God. It is doubtless also a cardinal truth, "If any man hath not the Spirit of Christ, he is none of His." As man in his unregenerate state is reckoned to be dead in sin, hence it is only as he is visited by the good Spirit that he can be so far quickened into life as to be able to hear the voice of the Son of God calling unto him in the language of paternal affection, "Where art thou?" It is only so far as a ray of light emanating from Him who is the source of all spiritual light penetrates the darkness of the sinner's heart, showing him his lost condition, and pointing him to Calvary, to the Saviour lifted up for him, as the only remedy for sin, accompanied as it ever is with a measure of saving grace (Eph. 2: 8), energizing the will and imparting power by which he is enabled to lay hold of that life-giving hope and fruitful faith. Only so can any please God or gain and retain a position as a fruit-bearing branch of the Vine of life. T E The Gospel is preeminently the dispensation of the Spirit, according to Paul, Peter and the others of the Master's chosen witnesses. The disciples were taught to wait for the special baptism of the Spirit, called indifferently the promise of the Father, the Comforter, the Spirit of Truth. His office is to quicken those who are dead in trespasses and sins, to strive with them that they may be induced to open the door of the heart to His gentle Smocks; to lead them to accept the truth as it is in Jesus; to baptize such into one body, cause them to drink into one Spirit; to be the perpetual teacher of all, and only safe leader of all God's children; to give them the constant seal of His divine approbation, the earnest of their inheritance, a foretaste of the purchased possession; to teach to observe all things commanded; to lead into all truth; to testify of Christ; to be a Comforter indeed, and abide with all His believing children for ever. And let us never forget that the teachings of the Spirit to the individual, and its teachings as revealed in Holy Scripture, rightly understood, will ever agree, and that for all these precious promises, these consoling hopes, we are indebted to that revelation of His will, the Holy Scriptures, which God in His great goodness has given to man for his instruction in the ways of truth and righteousTess, written that we might believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and believing, we might have life through His name. As it is clearly evi dent where these are not engaged, that the true Light does indeed shine in darkness, and all its divine lessons are not fully comprehended. Socrates and others fully illustrate this truth, as while a divine light gave them a glimmering knowledge of a Supreme Being, and of the immortality of the soul, yet the best condition of these was an undesirable one, as while on the one hand it seemed to give them a sense of responsibility to a Supreme Power, it failed to teach them, as would appear, the sinfulness of idolatry, and its utter hatefulness in the divine sight. Hence the privileges that we enjoy-privileges which prophets and wise men of old only could behold afar off-living as we do in the last days, under the vertical rays of the Sun of righteousness, increase our responsibility toward others less favored, to let our light at all times shine with true Christian lustre, constantly exhibiting that charity that thinketh no evil; thus manifesting our gratitude that our lives have fallen to us in pleasant places-we have a goodly heritage. And may the Great Giver of every good and perfect gift clothe all our minds with a spirit of heartfelt gratitude for all the unmerited mercies vouchsafed to the children of men, and enable us to give to His great and ever worthy name all the praise. Grafton, Ontario. THOMAS CLARK. JOHN COAKLEY LETTSOM, THE QUAKER DOCTOR. In the cluster of the Virgin Islands in the West Indies, Tortola is the largest. Edward Lettsom was the owner of three of the smaller islands, and mostly resided on Little Vandyke, where he cultivated cotton. The Society of Friends, of which he was a member, had not then testified against slavery, and he owned about fifty slaves. On that island John Coakley Lettsom and a twin brother were born in 1744. They were the only survivors of seven pairs of twins (all boys) of Edward Lettsom and his wife. At six years of age John was sent to England to be educated, and placed at the school of a Friend who was a celebrated teacher. Gilbert Thompson encouraged active out-door exercise among his scholars; they acquired great fleetness in running, and excelled in swimming. Every boy was allowed to keep a bird, and the cages were hung in the parlor and dining room, and their combined notes and melody filled the house. Such was the good health enjoyed at this school, that during forty years but one death occurred, and that was Springett Penn, son of William Penn, who was consumptive when he entered. When Lettsom was seventeen years old, Samuel Fothergill, who was his guardian, placed him as an apprentice with Abraham Sutcliff, a surgeon and apothecary at Settle in Yorkshire. Thirty years afterwards he wrote to a friend: "I went to Settle, an apprentice, a fatherless lad. I rode from the house of Samuel Fothergill at Warrington alone; and my guardian, when he parted with me, impressed upon my mind his last words: Please |