rise to the surface, that they may breathe the air. Without that these monarchs of the deep could not exist in the dense element in which they live, and move, and have their being. And something like what is imposed on them by a physical necessity, the Christian has to do by a spiritual one. It is by ever and anon ascending up to God, by rising through prayer into a loftier, purer region for supplies of divine grace, that he maintains his spiritual life. Prevent these animals from rising to the surface, and they die for want of breath; prevent man from rising to God, and he dies for want of prayer. Let me breathe, says a man, gasping, or else I die. Let me pray, says the Christian, or else I die.-Christian.

THE FRIENDS' REVIEW.

PHILADELPHIA, FIRST MO. 3, 1885.

IT IS NOT WELL to pass without contemplation the event recorded in the daily journals, of the opening of the Exposition at New Orleans by President Arthur at, or from, Washington; his address on the occasion being not only uttered in the presence of a number of dignitaries at the seat of government, but directly repeated in New Orleans by telegraph; and his touch upon a "button" giving the thrill of command, which set in movement various machinery of stupendous power. Wonderful indeed is the work of skill by which the centre and extremes of our continent, nay, of all the continents of the globe, are brought into almost momentary communication. Who will not long for the day when, through a mightier and holier power, spiritual communion and fellowship also shall transcend the bounds of space, and make all men, of our own and other nations and continents, one in Christ!

IN THE USE OF WORDS there is always a possibility of misunderstanding; which is increased by the lapse of time, and, often, also, by argumentation. Robert Barclay used a few new terms in his Apology, suggested by its purpose as a defensive work, contending against the errors of theological leaders of his time. Some of those expressions, while, as he employed them, entirely compatible with Scripture, are also capable of being wrested into a different meaning. Thus they have been doubly misused in our own day; on the one hand by those who would enlist his authority on behalf of a doctrine of natural light by which men may be saved, apart from the work of Christ without us; and on the other hand, by some who would disparage

Barclay by making it appear that he and the other Early Friends did not hold to the evangelical truth tion of their own. of the Bible, but put in its place a heretical inven

Our conviction is clear on two points: first, that Robert Barclay's belief and intent of expression were soundly in accordance with Scripture; and secondly, that such of his language in controversy as has even an appearance of adding any peculiarity of terms to those given in the Bible, upon subjects of special mystery, is not desirable for present exposition of divine truth. At the same time it is right to observe, that those who deny the clear and open meaning of the testimony of Scripture (John i. 9) that our Lord Jesus Christ "lighteth every man, coming into the world," convincing the world of sin, of righteousness and of judgment (John xvi. 8), and abiding in those who believe on Him: whosoever deny this in its full sense, can have no valid claim to take or to retain the name of Friends.

Another example of what seems to us a source of confusion in the use of terms, is the employment

of the word instantaneous in connection with sanctification by the Holy Spirit. Immediate and instantaneous are, in common language, capable of very nearly the same meaning. It is true, and a very important truth, that the work of Christ by the Spirit is immediate—that is, direct ; needing no human, priestly or other instrumentality in its

action on the heart and soul. That the whole work of the Holy Spirit in sanctification is to be summed up in a single act of one instant, we regard as an injurious error; not taught anywhere in Scripture, and very far removed from the belief of Early Friends. What gives a plausibility to this teaching seems to us to be its approach to the truth above referred to, of the immediateness of the work of Divine grace in the soul of the individual penitent believer, who yields to the visitations of the Holy Spirit, bringing him to the cross of Christ for redemption.

One other undesirable (because inaccurate) expression, recently met with, may be here noted: speaking of the "veiled person of the Holy Spirit," as contrasted with the "unveiled face of Jesus," seen in the Scriptures. We know that God, in Jesus Christ, while He was visibly on the earth,

was manifest in the flesh" (I Tim. iii. 16). But, after His ascension, Paul wrote, "even though we have known Christ after the flesh, yet now we know him so (R. V.) no more." (II Tim. v. 16). To make this point more clear, we must cite another passage at length: II Corinthians iii. 15—18, R. V.

"But unto this day, whenever Moses is read, a veil lieth upon their heart. But whensoever it shall turn to the Lord, the veil is taken away. Now the Lord is the Spirit: and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty. But we all, with unveiled face reflecting as a mirror the glory of the Lord, are transformed into the same image from glory to glory, even as from the Lord the Spirit." Once in the flesh, always by His Spirit, God has chosen to manifest Himself. He whose fullness dwelt in Jesus bodily, has also inspired the record of revelation in the Bible. Only by His own interpretation, through the Spirit, can this record be understood availingly; enabling any man to call Jesus his Lord and Redeemer.

The immediate unveiling of Christ by the Spirit, and His instrumental revelation through the Scriptures, occur, under our present dispensation, together. "What God hath joined together, let no

man put asunder."

OUR CORRESPONDENT, who writes concerning Mayor White, of Birmingham, England, suggests difficulty which has occurred to many thoughtful minds. It is not an unnatural question, how can a Friend, convinced of the incompatibility of war, on any scale, with the Gospel, be the chief executive officer of a city or community, in which this principle of peace is not, at least prevailingly, accepted ?

Many Friends, we believe, would be obliged, however otherwise competent, to decline such an office. Yet we can easily see how one who knew well, and was well known by, the people over whom he was thus called to exercise authority, might find it to be right for him to accept it, as an opportunity of great usefulness. Cities, as such, in our times, do not go to war. In a large sense, that question is not likely to come up, in a municipal administration. Our correspondent's doubt is in regard to the possible occurrence of riots. On this subject two things are important. A Quaker administration, well sustained by its associate authorities, will be most favorable to popular contentment, tranquility and good order. Riots, under such a government, are very unlikely to occur. outbreaks do take place, however, the best prec. edents of late experience are against the use of military force for their suppression. Early and energetic action of unarmed police (that is, carrying no deadly weapons) has been found to be preventive of serious disturbances, and also most effective in ending them.

If

We do not say that no bodily force is ever allowable in the prevention of crime or disorder by authorized police. Friends have never gone to that extreme. George Fox gave the authorities of Barbadoes "warning against pirates." William Penn had his police in Philadelphia; and, by them, river pirates on the Delaware were pursued "by hue and cry." But what was typified by Paul as the "sword of the magistrate" has (or should have, everywhere) given way, under the prevalence of the ideas of the Gospel, to an emblem and instrument of office which controls or compels without destroying life; which enables order to be maintained, while those who strive against it are yet left to be farther influenced by Christian dealing. With a trust, therefore, that guidance and help will be granted to meet so grave and high a responsibility, we may consider it quite possible for a Friend, of mature mind and large experience, like William White, to accept the office of chief magistrate of a large city. Office-seeking, on the other hand, would seem to be inconsistent with the feelings and habits of any devout Christian man.

FRIENDS' MISSIONARY ADVOCATE is the title of a new periodical, whose number for First month, 1885, is now before us. It is issued by Friends' Publishing Association, Chicago; with Esther B. Tuttle as Editor, and a number of Correspondents, representing Women's Foreign Missionary Societiesamong Friends in different Yearly Meetings. The cause which it advocates is one of great importance. We sympathize with the craving expressed in its article of salutation, for the prayers of its patrons, "that the pen of editor and contributors may always be guided by divine wisdom and impelled by the love of the Lord Jesus Christ."

MARRIED.

JONES--HOXIE.-At Friends' Meeting-house, South China, Maine, Twelfth mo. 24th, 1884, William A. Jones, and Elizabeth K, Hoxie.

At the same meeting, John L. Jones, of Brunswick, Maine, and Alice M. Jones, of South China, Maine.

DIED.

WAY.-Near Fishertown, Bedford county, Penna., on the 29th of Eleventh mo., James Way, in the 60th year of his age; an esteemed member of Dunning's Creek Monthly Meeting. His end was peace.

DE VOLL.-On the 4th of Seventh mo. last, at the home of her son William, in Queensbury, Warren county, N. Y., Catharine De Voll, in the 78th year of her age; an esteemed Elder of Moreau Monthly Meeting.

In the removal of this dear Friend from the church militant to the church triumphant, we sustain a loss to

which we are the more reconciled, it being her eternal gain. Firm in the faith, unshaken amid all the trials of life, and until her faculties were weakened by disease, a bright and joyous illustration of what the love of Christ will do for those who give their hearts to Him in the morning of their days.

While firmly attached to the doctrines and testimonies of the church of her choice, yet she cheerfully and lovingly gave the right hand of fellowship to all who loved the Lord Jesus, and joyfully adapted herself to every evidence of increased life and zeal in the church for the advancement of the cause of her "blessed Redeemer" and the salvation of souls.

The young, as well as those of more advanced experience, ever found in her a warm and loving counsellor and sympathizing friend. Her devotion was evinced by her faithful attendance of meetings, even until unable to reach her seat without assistance. Her voice was often heard in public testimony to the goodness and mercy of God and to the faithfulness of her blessed Saviour. Her example and influence were rewarded by her seeing all her six children brought to Christ and four of them ministers of the Gospel. Her husband and three daughters preceded her, where they are doubless among the ransomed and redeemed in glory.

MORRIS. On the 8th of Twelfth mo., 1884, Mary Ann Cope Morris, widow of Stephen P. Morris, aged nearly 82 years.

MENDENHALL.-Ninth month 6th, 1884. Sallie Mendenhall, wife of Benjamin Mendenhall, and daughter of William and Mary Beeson, a member of White Lick Monthly Meeting, Indiana.

She was a quiet and unobtrusive Christian, beloved by a large circle of friends. She died in the full hope of a glorious immortality. Her sickness was attended with great suffering, which she bore with Christian fortitude.

CHASE.-Twelfth mo. 6th, 1884, at the residence of her son-in-law, Enoch D. Strang, Raisin, Michigan, Sarah Chase, in the 86th year of her age; a member and Elder of Adrian Monthly Meeting.

In the early settlement of Friends in Michigan, she with her first husband, Jacob Hoag, left their former home, Elba, State of New York, and entered upon the duties of a pioneer life in the town where she died. Amid the cares devolving upon them incident to a new country with a young family growing around them, she gave evidence that she was seeking first the kingdom of God and the righteousness thereof; trusting in God's promise. As a wife and mother she seemed concerned that her whole family should give their hearts to the Lord Jesus Christ. When she had to part with her husband and eldest daughter, the Lord was her helper, enabling her to bow in resignaition to His will.

In her second marriage to Nathan Chase, she for a few years had the privilege of his help in presenting herself at the house appointed for worship to join in adoration and praise.

For twenty-five years she has experienced the trials of a widow's life, but gave abundant evidence that God's grace was sufficient; her voice being heard in prayer, but more frequently in praise. For some years an invalid dependent on her children, God fulfilled His promise, making her bed in sickness, and strengthening her on the bed of languishing until He was pleased to say, "it is enough, come up higher."

Christian Worker please copy. HILL-Sarah Jane Hill, daughter of James and Miriam Mendenhall, was born in Guilford county, N. C., in 1807. Was married to Micajah Hill in 1832.

Moved with her husband and nine children to Carthage, Ind., in 1862, where she resided until her death, Eleventh mo. 29th, 1884, aged nearly 77 years.

She was an earnest, devoted Christian from early life. A minister of the gospel for about 44 years. Her labors were principally confined within the limits of North Carolina Yearly Meeting, among Friends and others; having traveled by private conveyance and visited all the meetings and families of Friends in North Carolina and Tennessee, the greater part of them several times. She also visited the most of the meetings and a large number of families composing Indiana Yearly Meeting. She was always ready to sympathize with those who were under trial or affliction, speaking words of comfort or cheer to those about her. She was specially anxious that young ministers should be encouraged to press forward in the exercise of their gifts, fearing not man, but trusting in the Lord, who, as she always assured them, would make a way for them and bring them out victorious.

She was an invalid for a number of years, not able to attend public worship but one time for about five years; but always enquiring after the meetings and seemed as much interested in the work of the gospel and prosperity of the church as if she had been out in the midst of the work. During this time she was often cheered by visits from those who came bearing testimony to the blessing her labors had been to their souls.

She was taken sick three weeks before her death and suffered exceedingly all the time, until about three hours at the last, when she seemed perfectly easy, and calmly and sweetly fell asleep in Jesus.

The faithful wife and mother is no more. But now instead of all that suffering we have seen her endure with such Christian fortitude, we think of her as before the throne of God, the Lamb which is in the midst of the throne feeding her, and leading her to living fountains of waters, having wiped away all tears from her eyes, and given her the crown which the Lord the righteous Judge had laid up for her. She was a member of Carthage Monthly Meeting.

THE war against clerical attire is being carried into Church of England ranks as well as those of the Nonconformists. The Rev. E. Husband, incumbent of St. Michael's, Folkestone, in a recent sermon expressed his wish that the clergy were more at one with the people than they are, and his belief that one of the hindrances to ministerial influfluence is the adoption of a clerical garb and tone, as though it were the cowl that makes the monk." He admitted that there are some whose only credential for the office of the ministry was their clothes. A new era would soon dawn in reference to Gospel work among the poor if ministers generally abandoned officialism and made themselves the friends as well as teachers of the poor.-The [London] Christian.

"Ir is no use," exclaims John Stuart Mill, "to say that the Christ of the Gospel is not historical, and that we know not how much of what is admirable has been superadded by the tradition of his followers. Who amongst them was capable of inventing the sayings ascribed to Jesus, or imagining the life and character that have been revealed in the Gospel?"

THE INTERNATIONAL LESSON.

LESSON II.

FIRST QUARTER.

First month 11th, 1885. PAUL AT MILETUS. Acts xx. 17-27. GOLDEN TEXT.-"Repentance toward God, and faith towards our Lord, Jesus Christ." Acts xx. 21.

This lesson is in immediate continuation of the last. Paul was at Miletus, about thirty miles south of Ephesus.

17. Called (to him R. V.) the elders of the church. Elders, or, in Greek, the Presbyters; the two words meaning exactly the same thing. The singular "church implies that there were several elders in the church at Ephesus. This verse, in connection with verse 28, is interesting and important as showing that in the Apostolic age the terms "elder" or "presbyter," and overseer or bishop were absolutely synonymous; Luke calls them elders in verse 17, while Paul calls them overseers in verse 28.

18. He said unto them. The address which Paul made on this occasion is perhaps the most interesting which is recorded for us in the Acts. It is full of Christian love, sympathy, advice, warning, and exhortation. It is personal, and yet, while in no way making light of his own work, he does not dwell on it unduly. It is the embodiment of what every evangelist and minister should feel.

heart, a new view of God, a turning around; true faith in Christ as the Saviour from sin, and through whom it is possible to walk "in newness of life." Mark i. 15; Luke xxiv. 47; II Cor. v. 20, 21; I Tim. ii. 5.

22.

Bound in the spirit. It seems more in accord with the general context to consider these words simply as implying a strong sense of duty, not that Paul was constrained by the Holy Spirit.” Compare next verse where the distinction is drawn. Not knowing. The Apostles were not omniscient. Acts xix. 21.

23. The Holy Ghost witnesseth. Directly or by the mouth of others. Acts xxi. 4, 11; Rom. viii. 35; II Cor. iv. 16; Bonds, Eph. iii. 1; Phil. i. 9.

24. But none of these things move me, neither count I my life dear unto myself. "But I hold not my life of any account, as dear unto myself." R. V. "The exact reading and sense is probably, I hold my life of no account, nor is it so precious to me as the finishing of my course." Alford. Phil. iii. 11-14; I Cor. ix. 26; II Tim. iv. 7. in R. V.; the verse is really The ministry. The service. The service. Jesus. Gal. i. 1; Tit. i. 3.

25.

more.

I know

With joy is omitted stronger without them. Received of the Lord

shall see my face no

conscience and recollections of his hearers." Bengel. After what manner: See II Cor. xii. 12; I Thess. ii. 1o. At all seasons. "All the time." R.V. 19. Serving the Lord, etc. Humility or lowliness was a favorite word with Paul. Eph. iv. 2; Phil. ii. 3; Col. ii. 18,23; iii. 2. He was ready to do anything he was called to do, and he did all "to the glory of God." True humility is entirely consistent with firmness and "holy boldness." I Pet. v. 2, 3. Many tears. Omit "many," R. V. Tears not for himself but for others. Sympathy is a characteristic feature of the Gospel; there was a great lack of it in the heathen world. Compare Luke xix. 41-44; John xi. 35; II Cor. ii. 4; Phil. iii. 18. Temptations. Better, "trials," R. V. Lying in wait. Plots," R. V. Acts xx. 3. II Cor. xi. 26; I Cor. xv. 32; II Cor. i. 8—10. 20. Kept back nothing. I Thess. ii. 4-6; Gal. i. 10. Herein Paul was bold. Publicly. Acts xix. 8, 9. From house to house. A precedent for "Family visits" and "Cottage meetings." Public preaching, attending meetings and Bible schools, essential to the growth of the church as such practices are, do not take the place of personal work. Has not the family visit " been too much laid aside among Friends? Compare Acts xii. 12. 21. Testifying. Bearing witness from his own experience. Acts. xviii. 5. Repentance toward God, and faith toward our Lord Jesus Christ, the sum of all Christian doctrine. A change of

you.

25. I take you to record. "I testify unto "R. V. This day. This very day, as if to say, even if it be the last time I shall see you. Pure from the blood of all men. Paul possibly refers to Ezek. iii. 18; he means to say that he had done all that lay in his power, and now the responsibility of rejecting the Gospel rested upon his hearers. Acts xviii. 6; II Cor. vti. 2. 27. For I have not shunned. "For I shrank not back," R. V. All the counsel. "The whole counsel," R. V. The plan of salvation-the will of God concerning men. Luke vii. 30; John xv. 15; Eph. i. 11.

SUGGESTIONS.

1. Paul's testimony was full and rounded; his life was a living exemplification of his teaching. 2. Service for the Lord must be with lowliness of mind. I Pet. v. 5, 6.

3. "Repentance toward God, and faith toward our Lord Jesus Christ," the two essentials for salvation.

4. Personal work is one of the most effective means for success in the Lord's work.

5. Faithfulness to an apprehended call is obligatory.

THE very first sigh on account of sin which is begotten in the heart of a sinner by the Holy Spirit, may be the beginning of an eternal communion with God.

CORRESPONDENCE.

EDITOR OF FRIENDS' REVIEW-I would like to ask a few questions through the columns of Friends' Review, that we may edify, encourage and strengthen one another. Can a child of God, a man of Peace, according to the Scriptures, wield the sword? The Lord Jesus left the glory which He had with the Father before the world was, John xvii. 5, and took upon Himself flesh and blood, that through death He might destroy him who had the power of death, that is, the devil. Heb. ii. 14. For this purpose was the Son of God manifested, that He might destroy the works of the devil." I John iii. 8. "I will ransom them from the grave; I will redeem them from death. O death, I will be thy plagues; O grave, I will be thy destruction; repentance shall be hid from mine eyes." Hosea xiii. 14. "Not by works of righteousness, which we have done, according to his mercy he saves us." Titus iii. 5. "Not that we first loved him, but that he loved us." "If any man love me, let him be my disciple." Then, if we be His disciples, we are followers of the Prince of Peace. "Why do ye call me Lord, Lord, and do not the things I command you?" Again: " 'If ye love me, ye will keep my commandments. He that loveth me not, keepeth not my commandments." Some of the commandments of the Prince of Peace in regard to the sword, are: "But I say unto you, that ye resist not evil, but whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also," &c. Matt. v. 39. "But I say unto you, love your enemies; bless them that curse you*** that ye may be called the children of your Father which is in heaven." Matt. v. 44, 45. The teaching throughout the Scriptures is that Christ the Kingdom of God-is Peace. "My kingdom is not of this world." John xviii. 36. leave with you, my peace I give unto you." John xiv. 27. "If my kingdom were of this world, then would my servants fight." The children of God only have the world as yet by promise to Abraham and his seed: " And you who are troubled rest with us, when the Lord Jesus shall be revealed from heaven with his mighty angels in flaming fire, taking vengeance on them that know not God, and that obey not the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ." II Thess. i. 7, 8. "There remaineth therefore a rest to the people of God." Heb. iv. 9. "Put up again thy sword into his place: for all they that take the sword shall perish with the sword." Matt. xxvi. 52.

"" 'Peace I

"

We see this teaching is carried along not only through the day of Grace in which we now are, but into the Apocalyse-the day of God's wrath against sin, when His sword is to be "bathed in Heaven.' Isa. xxxiv. 1-10. See Ezek. xxxviii. 24; Zach. xiv. 12-14; Matt. xxiv. 30, 31; Rev. vi. 2; xix. 11-21. ***" he that killeth with the sword must be killed with the sword. Here is the patience and the faith of the saints." Rev. xiii. 10. "When the chief Shepherd shall appear, ye shall receive a crown of glory that fadeth not away." I Pet. iv. 4. "Blessed are the meek for they shall inherit the earth. Blessed are ye when men shall revile you and persecute you, and shall say all manner of evil against you falsely for my sake." Mat. v. 5. II. Can the children of God realize these promises before Christ "unto them that look for him shall appear the second time without sin unto salvation?" Heb. ix. 28. Before the kingdoms of this world are to become the kingdom of our Lord and his Christ; and he shall reign for the ages of ages." Rev. xi. 15.

All these things being so, how far can the child of God participate in the governments of this world as

they have been and will continue to be during this "generation," "dispensation," or age, according to the Scriptures?

Since the fall of man, when he forfeited his right to the "tree of life," and was expelled from Paradise and the presence of God and became subject to the power of the devil, who has the "power of death," his heart is deceitful and desperately wicked; consequently war is his normal condition, from which he cannot be liberated except by grace through faith in our Lord Jesus Christ; and this is to continue to be man's normal condition until Christ "shall appear the second time without sin unto salvation." And he shall send Jesus Christ which before was preached unto you: whom the heaven must receive until the times of restitution of all things which God has spoken by the mouth of all his holy prophets since the world began." Acts iii. 21. "For he must reign, till he hath put all enemies under his feet." I Cor. xv. 25. ***"the whole word lieth in wickedness."

་་

I John v. 19. "We wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers of the darkness of this world." Eph. vi. 12. *** 'the prince of the power of the air, the spirit that now worketh in the children of disobedience." Eph. ii. 2. "Now is the judgment of this world; now shall the prince of this world be cast out." John xii. 31. As Christ has not yet revealed Himself with His holy angels, war is still man's normal condition; consequently all governments rest on the sword, and the authority of every executive officer rests in the power of the sword, so that "he that ruleth beareth not the sword in vain." Rom. xiii. 4. One of the best of men, wise William Penn. exercised governmental authority, and was a "peace man," and I see in the Friends' Review of Eleventh month 29, page 268, this extract: *** “and 3000 of them in Birmingham, under the superintendence of William White, a Friend, who is also Mayor of the city."

It a severe riot was to break out, as is frequently the case in different parts of the world, would not Friend White have to order out the militia, and if needs be, apply to the higher powers for "more troops?" From the paragraph published in the Review, the city of Birmingham has a great power for good in the person of Wm. White, just as the world had a great power for good in the governorship of good and highly gifted Wm. Penn. 'What shall we say-how can these things be?" ANXIOUS INQUIRER.

Sandy Spring, Md., Twelfth mo. 16th, 1884.

MEXICAN MISSION NOTES.

MATAMOROS, Twelfth mo. 12th, 1884.

The most interesting feature of our work in Mexico at this time is the opening of a regular meeting for worship and Gospel teaching at Mendez by a female convert of the mission at San Fernando, Gertrudis Garcia de Ureste, who has opened a day-school for girls in that village. The work at Mendez was begun by periodical visits by our friend, Julio Gonzalez Gea, made every two months. Subsequently Gertrudis thought it her place to go there and start a girls' school, hoping to organize also a Sabbath-school. She has been successful in this, and a meeting of about twelve attenders, mostly young ladies, has been the immediate fruit of her labors. She gathers these young people and reads and expounds the Scriptures to them as God gives her ability. This, instead of driving the children from school, has been acceptable to the people, and as they consider that her work on First-day is an individual effort, they have decided to give her the portion of the public funds available for the girls' school, and thus we only furnish the needed books free of charge.

A brother of this devoted woman has voluntarily