For The Friends' Review. ESSENTIALS OF PRACTICAL RELIGION.

In order to Christian living, four things are necessary; (1) a renewed and clean heart; (2) rules of action; (3) sufficient motives to choose the good and to refuse the evil; (4) spiritual power to carry right choices into habitually good action and feeling.

(a) A Christian teaching which presents only the fear of the Lord and obedience to His manifested will as the substance of all religion, fails to point out the way clearly to regeneration and purity, or to offer the potent motives to a religious life found in the fatherly love of God, His provision of atonement for sin as shown in Christ, His readiness to forgive, cleanse and regenerate the repentant believer, and give him an assured hope of eternal happiness.

(b) A Christian teaching which dwells wholly or too exclusively on God's love and suppresses His condemnation of evil, removes one of the most common and powerful motives to repent-to fear the Lord and hate evil.

Essentials of Practical Religion

England and Liberia...

Practical Lessons No 4......

Anecdote of Joseph Hoag..

Evangelistic Work in America..

Life in the Arctic Zone....

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Religious Intelligence..

EDITORIAL.-Friends' Quarterly Examiner-Grellet AcademyContinuance of The Student-" The Ante-Nicene Fathers

DEATHS

North Carolina Yearly Meeting, concluded. International Lesson...

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What is the Cause?... Sealed of God.

Prevention of Disease.. Items........

PORTRY.-The Father's Hand-His Word Runneth Swiftly..... SUMMARY OF NEWS...

in the precepts and threatenings of the gospel, and to the work of the Holy Spirit as the prompter and power of moral actions, fails in producing steadfast Christian morality. It leaves the Christian system lacking in moral law.

(d) The teaching of the New Testament proclaims the fear of the Lord, His just condemnation of wilful sin and retributive punishment of it, together with His pardoning and renewing love or grace as manifested in the incarnation, life and sacrificial death of Christ, His resurrection, ascension, mediation, and the sending of the Spirit, as the motives and power of repentance and faith, resulting in forgiveness, cleansing from past sin, a new life, and adoption into the family of God's reconciled children. It presents the character of Christ as the model for the believer's spirit and action; His precepts, written and spoken directly to the conscience by His Spirit, as the rule of life. It sets forth the blessing and obligation of persistent consecration to God as known in Christ, of a heart then cleansed by His blood and His Spirit's continuous power,-of purity within, fruitfulness in every virtue, and victory over temptation and the tempter. It presents a fountain set open for every

of unwatchfulness, to be entered by repentance for such sins, the promise and power of steady growth in grace to the measure of Christ's fullness, and a humble but assured hope of heaven. R.

ENGLAND AND LIBERIA.

From a pamphlet having the above title, and giving an outline of the history of Liberia, from its constitution as a Republic in 1847 (then separating from the control of the American Colonization

Society) to the present time, we take the following concluding paragraphs:

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY ANNEXED" BY ENGLAND.

The well known and intimate relations and friendship existing between the Governments of the United States and Liberia, and the kindly offices of the former to avert the threatened loss of territory by the latter, have proved of no avail. The right of Liberia to the West African coast from Cape Mount to the Shebar river, acquired by fair and open purchase, and maintained through an earnest and protracted struggle, has been made to give way to the might of England-the weakest Power on the globe is compelled to yield to the strongest! The following letter from a leading resident of Monrovia, dated March 30, 1883, contains mention of the official notification of the transaction:

"By the mail on the morning of the 28th inst. the Government received a communication from the Governor of Sierra Leone announcing that Her Majesty's Government has formally taken posses sion of all our territory north of the Mannah river, and they have issued a formal proclamation of the same. They also demand payment of the forty thousand dollars ($40,000) which Governor Havelock decided last March we were indebted for the so-called Mannah country claims. And as an offset to that demand they say they would allow us the amount ($4,075.12) which appears in one of their Blue Books as having been paid by us for those territories which they have taken. Thus by one stroke of the Lion's paw has been torn from us all that territory, including the famous Gallinas slave trading region, for the purchase of which the friends of freedom in America and in England contributed so largely. The Governor proposes, if we are willing, to enter into a treaty with us recogniz ing our right of territory from the Mannah river southward, and to form regulations as to the boun dary."

The consideration is an annual stipend of £210, distributed among fifteen Native Princes and Head. men in sums of from £5 to £30, payment to begin at once.

A distinguished Liberian writes: "The line is so run that although the territory is only half a mile in depth, it cuts off all the remaining territory from all the water-ways for twenty miles from the sea, so that owners of territory a hundred miles in depth cannot have access to the sea or rivers, although they may be within half a mile of either. This is done to force a cession of the remaining territory."

POPULATION AND MONEY NEEDED.

The Republic of Liberia, though the unquestioned owner of some five hundred miles of coast territory, with an extension inland indefinitely, is poor, and needs larger numbers and to have its industry and resources developed; and, surrounded as it is by heathen tribes, it has to look mainly, as in the past, for encouragement and aid from the Government and people of the United States.

So far from the work of the American Colonization Society having ceased or passed by, it never made a stronger appeal to patriots, Christians, or friends of human freedom or progress than it does at this time. Its field was never so wide and its promise of success was never so encouraging if the means are supplied by which the agencies now in successful operation can be kept in vigorous action.

Here may be added some sentences from the 67th Annual Report of the American Colonization Society:

An intelligent Liberian writes: "The new-comers are doing well. I lately visited them and hence am able to make this statement. The thrifty ones have built their houses, and are reaping breadstuffs of their own planting." of their own planting." Hon. John H. Smyth, American Minister Resident and Consul General, wrote under date of Monrovia, July 22:-"Since my return I have visited Brewerville twice, and am pleased to say that I regard that settlement as a steadily advancing and prosperous one. After an experience of nearly five years in Liberia, I am quite satisfied that any reasonably industrious and fairly healthy man can make as good and comfortable provision for himself, with capacity of proprietorship, as in our own country.'

Emigration to Liberia every year under the auspices of this Society has been uninterrupted for the past sixty-three years. Those now reported make the number sent since the war to be 3,657, and a total from the beginning of 15,655, exclusive of enabled the Government of the United States to 5,722 recaptured Africans whom we induced and settle in Liberia, making a grand total of 21,377 persons to whom the Society has given homes in Africa.

APPLICATIONS.

Not the least among the remarkable movements of the day is the growing desire on the part of the people of color to emigrate to Liberia. Many thousand names are on the roll of this Society, and these the names of the best and most industrious

colored men, who solicit us to aid them and their families to remove to Africa. All are purely spontaneous and voluntary applicants. Every week swells the number of those who want to go, and who would be accessions of value to the population of the new Republic. And this movement must be expected to take larger proportions continually, just as the emigration from European lands to the United States has swollen in the course of the last thirty years. Whether it be thought wise in the colored man to leave this country or not, every year must be expected to show increasing numbers depart, and a tide of emigration set eastward, not as large but just as constant as the great tide which runs westward with such mighty volume and force.

THE CHRISTIAN COLONY.

Humanity is greatly cheered by the progress in exploration, in opening channels of trade, and in missionary and colonization operations in Africa. It is only seven years since Stanley journeyed down the Congo and told the world where it came from, and already it is becoming a route for travel, and the sites for future towns are fixed on its banks. States and kingdoms are revealed, capable of furnishing vast supplies of the most valued productions for the arts and manufactures of Europe and America, and of receiving and consuming the articles into which they may be wrought by their superior skill.

The growing sense of justice in Christian nations toward Africa, creates confidence that they will seek to repair the mighty wrongs of which she has been the victim; that their future commerce with her will be founded upon principles of just reciprocity; that henceforth they will go to her in peace and charity, give to her the light of the oracles of God, encourage her to throw off the badges of her shame, and to clothe herself in garments of honor and of praise."

PRACTICAL LESSONS NO. 4.

The Fourth Query asks whether we are careful to discourage the unnecessary distillation and use of spirituous liquors, and the frequenting of taverns; to avoid places of diversion, and to keep in true moderation and temperance on account of marriages, burials, and other occasions.

It is scarcely needful to give here much of the Bible-teaching against strong drink-it is so familiar to Friends, and so generally taught. In case there are yet any doubters, however, we give a few ref erences. In the directions to Jewish priests, we find "Do not drink wine nor strong drink, thou, nor thy sons with thee, when ye go into the tabernacle of the congregation, lest ye die: it shall be a statute forever throughout your generations. And that ye may put difference between holy and unholy, and between unclean and clean." Lev. x. 9, 10.

Now to Christians, comes this glorious message through the apostle Peter: "But ye are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, an holy nation, a peculiar people; that ye should show forth the praises of him who hath called you out of darkness into his marvellous light." I Pet. ii. 9. Read also Is. xxviii. 7, Prov. xx. 1; Rom. xiv. 21.

But the query does not ask only whether we abstain from the drink ourselves; it asks if we are careful to discourage its unnecessary manufacture and use by others; which indicates the active exertion of influence against it, as opportunities for such influence are shown to us.

head of going into evil company, already treated The "frequenting of taverns,' comes under the head of going into evil company, already treated of in the last lesson.

The word "diversion" means a turning aside. It has a use corresponding to recreation, which represents a good gift to our weak human nature; the turning aside of the mind from the cares and labors of this

life, till the exhausted nervous energy is re created for further service. For this good purpose, our Heavenly Father gives us many innocent pleasures; home endearments, social intercourse, joyous play, varied reading, the beauties and

wonders of nature.

acter.

We have also received an interesting discourse, delivered before the same Society, by Dr. Otis H. Tiffany, entitled "Africa for Africans."

Do not wade far out into the dangerous sea of this world's comfort. Take the good that God provides you, but say of it, "It passeth away, for indeed it is but a temporary.need." Never suffer your goods to become your God.- Spurgeon.

The diversion that we should avoid, is that which

turns aside from purity and virtue, and disinclines the mind from serious thought. For healthy diversion we do not need any special human provision, such as theatres and shows. Their influence is dangerous to the spectators, and still more so to those who spend their lives in making amusement for others, sometimes when their own hearts are sad and oppressed. Frances Anne Kemble, gifted and very successful actress, as far as moneymaking goes, wrote that she never withdrew from the presence of an audience without thinking the excitement she had undergone unhealthy, and the personal exhibition odious. Can it be right for Christians to encourage any to pursue such a life?

a

The Scripture teaching against indulging in such amusements, or in luxury and display at weddings and other social entertainments, is to be found

chiefly in its abundant exhortations to sobriety, temperance, and self-denial. We give several references of this kind from the epistles addressed to the early Christian churches, and ask our students to look them up. II Cor. v. 14, 15, 17; I Cor. x. 31; Rom. xv. 1, 2; Phil. iv. 5; I Cor. ix. 24-27; Gal. v. 21-26; Eph. v. 18; Titus ii. 1-6.

The want of moderation at social entertainments is a great evil of this day; preparation for company often consuming much money, time, and energy.

When these occasions become a fatigue instead of a rest, they cease to afford recreation in its deep sense.

Fifth Query: "Are poor Friends' necessities duly inspected, and they relieved, or assisted in such business as they are capable of? Do their children freely partake of learning to fit them for business? and are they and other Friends' children placed among Friends ?"

Observe the wisdom, which, while making provision for the wants of members of the church overtaken by poverty, yet requires that these wants shall be quietly inspected, and advises helping to self-support as far as practicable.

The free education of the children of members in straitened circumstances is a safeguard against relapse into pauperism and degradation. And the aid is given delicately, in Christian love, without making it public.

The last clause of the query is a provision for apprentices specially. We do not now expect children to be placed away from their homes to any great extent. If they are it is surely important that they have such influences as will confirm the teaching of their Christian parents.

There are many Scriptural injunctions to care for the poor; and particularly, the poor saints.

In the Mosaic law, we read: "And if thy brother be waxen poor,"and fallen in decay with thee; then thou shalt relieve him; yea, though he be a stranger, or a sojourner; that he may live with thee.

Take thou no usury of him, nor increase; but fear thy God; that thy brother may live with thee." Lev. xxv. 35, 36. See Ps. xli. 1; Deut. xv. 7-11; Gal. ii. 1o; James ii. 15, 16; I Cor. xvi. 1-3; II Cor. viii. 1-9; II Cor. ix. 7.

ANECDOTE OF JOSEPH HOAG.

The following incident is mentioned in the Christian Worker, by Jacob D. Hampton, who heard Joseph Hoag narrate it when in his eightythird year:

"He said there was a neighboring Quarterly Meeting, within twenty miles of him, at which lived a young minister, highly esteemed by Friends at home, but as for his part, he had but little use for him. One First day morning he was awakened about three o'clock, and there came vividly before him the meeting twenty miles away, to which the aforesaid young minister belonged, with the conviction that he must attend it that day, cold and stormy as it was. His wife encouraged him to be

obedient to his Master's call, so they arose from their comfortable resting place long before day, to make preparations for his journey on horseback, as it was the only way he had to travel (unless he would go afoot.)

"So he went and reached the meeting soon after it had gathered, at the head of which sat the young] minister. He, seeing Hoag enter the meeting, kindly gave him his seat, and as he sat there with his mind turned to the Lord, that he might know what service his Master had for him in that meeting, he waited not in vain. He had sat there but a short time when his Lord showed him very clearly his duty, and when he believed the time had come for him to stand up and declare the same, there having been words put into his mouth to utter, he put forth his hands to the banister in front of him to assist himself to arise, so that his friends noticed! it, but before he gave utterance, the words and subject were all taken from him, and he was unable to recall them. Presently the young minister by his side arose and took the very words that he had been about to speak, and handled the same subject he had been pondering, much to the satisfaction of our friend Joseph Hoag. So he came to the con clusion that the young man's preaching came from the same place that his did."

EVANGELISTIC WORK IN AMERICA.

Fieldon Thorp has communicated to the (Lon don) Friend the following extract from, of abridgment of, a letter from John Henry Douglas to John Grubb Richardson:

"That we have various grades of zeal is true; that we have a few who are alarmed is true; that a few may lack wisdom in their work I have no doubt; but be assured that the great body of Friends in this land are engaged unitedly in a sound aggress ive work in the great harvest field, and an abun dant harvest has been reaped

The

question of the support of the ministry and the place the ministry should occupy among us is a very delicate one. The reason reports reach you that 'ministers are hired, and are set over a congrega tion,' grows out of the fact that most of our min isters are poor, so that if they labor much in th Gospel, they have to be assisted in the support o their families. If our ministers all had estates t spend, neither of these questions would come up so thou canst see that all this talk about hireling ministry falls upon our poor ministers and it is a grievous thing that they should be stig matized as hirelings, when, if they had estates to spend, they would gladly spend them..

If a minister were rich, and should spend all his time as an evangelist, every one would rejoice. I he should move into a meeting where there was no minister, and exercise his gift in the ministry, and spend his time in visiting families, and laboring among the poor and neglected, every one would be delighted. Now, if a poor minister feels the same concern, and the Church unites in it, and he enters upon his work, and his friends

are

feel drawn to see that his temporal wants are supplied, is this unquakerly or unscriptural? That any minister is preaching for money I do not believe; that any one is hired I do not believe; that a very few are supported while they give their whole time to the work is true; that many of our ministers have spent all they had in carrying out apprehended duty is true, and many laboring very hard with their hands that they may not be chargeable to any; many also are not doing all they ought to do in the ministry on account of their dread of letting their wants be known. As to pastoral care thou canst see that.. where many are brought to Christ and into the Church, they must be fed and instructed; but as to a 'pastor in the common acceptation of the word, I do not believe our people have any desire for

it.

"As to taking in members great care is taken generally that those who apply are converted to Christ, and that they desire to renounce the world, the flesh and the devil. . . . We have less trouble with these than with our birthright members. . . Nearly all who have gone from us on account of the ordinances or other peculiar views have been those brought up and educated in the Society. As to my view about the present and future of our church in this land, I can say I believe it is good. The Lord is with us in great power. Our ministers are most of them baptized with the Holy Ghost and with fre; our membership, with little exception, is converted, and very many of them are wholly consecrated to God and His service; the body is well mited. . . . There never was a time when there was so much life and power and spiritual intelli gence. Of course the enemy is always on the alert to break in somewhere, and our eyes are open to his devices. We see here and there the separating spirit, but these as they leave do not weaken the church. Indiana Yearly Meeting . . . has been the leader in all the aggressive work of modern fines, and out of 20,000 members we have lost about 100, who have separated from us within wenty five years; while . . . thousands have been added to us. Many Hicksites have been converted, and make excellent workers. Our greatest danger the spirit of the world . . . and falling into foralty or legality. As to doctrine, our greatest nger just now is various forms of Universalism, ch as Restorationism, or Annihilationism, and Some of us, while encouraging intellectual culture, are we think wisely) jealous for fear it may be a mare to us. . . . But our trust is in God our Saour, and that which has characterized us as a peole must ever be our anchorage-salvation through thin the blood of Jesus, sanctification through ith by the baptism with the Holy Ghost and with e, and the consequent enduement of power. 'Ye all receive power, after that the Holy Ghost is me upon you.' Knowing these things experientally, then under the fresh and immediate ting forth of His power and leading, we go rward in His work, preaching Christ and Him crucified."

LIFE IN THE ARCTIC ZONE.

A PART OF LIEUT, GREELEY'S ACCOUNT.

On the 15th of October the sun left them for 135 days; a twilight, varying from half an hour to twenty-four hours, succeeded. For two months it was so dim that the dial of a watch could not be read by it. On April 11th the sun came above the horizon and remained there 135 days, giving the party a great sufficiency of midnight sun. During three months the stars were visible constantly, the constellations of Orion's Belt and the Great Bear being the brightest. The North Star looked down from almost overhead.

Standing alone outside the fort on one of these nights the scene was weirdly grand. To the north flamed the aurora borealis, and the bright constellations were set like jewels around the glowing moon; over everything was dead silence, so horribly oppressive that a man alone is almost tempted to kill himself, so lonely does he feel. The astronomer of the party said that with the naked eye a star of one degree smaller magnitude thin can be seen here in the same way might be discerned. The moon would remain in sight for from eleven to twelve days at a time.

The thermometer registered on June 30th, 1882, the highest temperature at Lady Franklin Bay which we knew during our stay. It was 52 degrees above zero. The lowest was in February, 1883, and was 66 degrees below zero. In this February our mercury froze and remained solid for fifteen days, so intense was the cold. The mercury in the thermometer invariably rose during storms and high winds. The highest barometer was slightly above 31 inches and the lowest slightly below 29 inches, showing a great range.

The greatest variations were in the winter. The electrometer, an instrument used to ascertain the presence of electricity, was set up, but to the astonishment of Lieut. Greeley not the slightest results were obtained. The displays of aurora were very good, but not to be compared with those seen at Disco Island or Uppernavik. As far as Lieut. Greeley could observe, no crackling sound accompanied the displays, and the general shape was that of a ribbon. The southwesterly horizon was the quarter in which the brightest displays

were seen.

Sir George Nares reported in 1876 that no shadow was cast by the aurora, but Lieutenant Greeley says that he distinctly observed his shadow cast by it. There were no electrical disturbances, save those manifested by a rumbling of distant thunder, heard twice, far away to the north. In the course of the tidal observations made a very interesting fact was discovered, viz.: That the tides at Lady Franklin Bay come from the north, while those at Melville bay and Cape Sabine come from the south. The temperature of this north tide is two degrees warmer than that of the south tide at Cape Sabine. Why this was Lieutenant Greeley would not venture to state. He used in measuring the