The Marquis of Salisbury is said to have presented to the Russian Government a memorandum proposing to treat Persia and Afghanistan within its new bounda ries as beyond the sphere of diplomatic action, and inviolable by other Powers; to define the Russian boundary, roughly speaking, at from north of Zulficar in the west to a point south of Penjdeh in the east ; the British boundary as the line marked on war maps during Lord Beaconfield's administration, known as the scientific frontier, including Candahar, and comprising the rugged mountain ranges running northeastwardly toward Peshawur. This practically concedes to Russia a line advanced beyond the new boundaries marked on the military maps of 1873, and to England the only frontier she has ever seriously claimed, leaving a large territory between them. If accepted in principle by Russia, the memorandum will be made an official note and communicated to Parliament. If Russia refuses, the Cabinet will allow the negotiations to be indefinitely postponed, declining to pledge itself either way, and making such arrangements, peaceful or otherwise, with the Ameer, as to insure the occupation of the Candahar boundary when railroad connection with strategic points can be completed.

IRELAND.-At the opening of the Assizes at Limerick, on the 10th, the Court congratulated the Grand Jury on the peaceful condition of Ireland, and the Jury passed resolutions thanking the Government for allowing the Crimes act to lapse. At Listowell, however, on the 11th, twenty persons arrested for intimidating a person left in charge of a farm whence tenants had been evicted, were arraigned under that act, but discharged for want of evidence. Some regarded this course as a breaking of the Government's promise.

FRANCE. At a meeting of Moderate Republican members of the Chamber of Deputies held on the Ioth, a manifesto was presented which the Republican party intend to issue just before the coming general election. The main points are: 1. A demand for a re. duction in the period of military service to the shortest time compatible with the exigencies of the national defence. 2. A demand for economic reforms, a readjustment of taxation and a re-establishment of equilibrium in the budget. 3. A declaration that while opinions differ respecting a separation of church and state, all may agree upon a policy which will guarantee freedom of conscience, yet resolutely oppose clericalism, "which, under the mask of religion, is really a union of all the factions hostile to the Řepub. lic." 4. Condemnation of a foreign policy of adventure, and a declaration that the party desires a national policy based on self-respect, firmly carried out. 5. An appeal for union of all Republicans.

DOMESTIC. In the U.S. Circuit Court at Baltimore, on the 7th inst., Judge Bond affirmed the decree of the District Court awarding three colored women damages of $1000 each for having been excluded from first-class sleeping apartments on a steamer, after having purchased first-class tickets. This settles the question so far as travelling on steamers in Chesapeake Bay is concerned.

About 1000 conductors and drivers on one of the street railways in Chicago struck on the 30th ult. because the company refused to reinstate several conductors who had recently acted as a committee in stating some grievances of the employees to the company, and who were afterward discharged. Attempts to run the cars with other drivers were resisted by a mob of the strikers and their sympathizers, and for some days only a few cars ran under police protection. Finally on the 7th inst. the company and the strikers came to an

agreement that the causes of the discharge of the men should be submitted to a disinterested committee.

NOTICE.

NORTH CAROLINA YEARLY MEETING opens on Fifth-day, Eighth mo. 6th, at High Point. Over the Richmond and Danville Railroad reduced tickets will be on sale Eighth month 4th and 5th, good for ten days. From Washington, $18 90; Lynchburg, $7.80; Richmond, $12.25; Burkville, $9.05; Ashville, $10.75; Warm Springs, $13; Goldsboro, $8.70; Raleigh, $5.75; Statesville, $3.55; Salisbury, $2.05; Augusta, Ga., $16.15; Charlotte, $4 70; Thomasville, 40c.; Jamestown, 30c.; Greensboro, 90c.; Winston, $2.65; New Garden, $1.30; Kernersville, $1.90; Durham, $4.20 Co.-Shops, $2.15. Tickets on sale from Greensboro during the meeting.

Tennessee Friends will buy the regular Summer Spring tickets to Warm Springs and buy from there to. High Point on Eighth mo. 4th and 5th. Friends at Norfolk, and Suffolk to Burkville at 5 cts. per mile if not less than five persons come together. From Portsmouth, Suffolk, Seaboard, and Franklin to Weldon, any number at one first-class fare. Weldon to Raleigh for 3 cents. Tickets on sale Eighth mo 2d and 3d. No limitation as to number, except on Norfolk and Western Railroad. Cape Fear and Yadkin Valley sells return tickets at 3 cts. per mile each way all the time. D. W. C. Benbow. IMPORTANT NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS TO FRIENDS' REVIEW. Although we have the gratification of reporting some increase of subscribers of late, yet it is not at present enough to warrant a reduction of the rate of annual subscription. Being still desirous, however, to accomplish this, if practicable, and in order to secure the help of our present subscribers to this end we make the fol lowing offer. To each present subscriber who will secure one or more new subscribers for the coming or thirty-ninth_volume and remit payment in advance, we will send the Friends' Review for one year to him and the new subscriber or subscribers, at one dolla and fifty cents each.

In addition, we will allow a commission of twenty. five cents each, on all the new subscribers thus secured, except one. To illustrate:-Suppose one of our presen subscribers should secure five new ones. He would collect from these one dollar and fifty cents each, and remit to us three dollars for his own subscription and one of the new ones, and also one dollar and twentyfive cents each, or five dollars for the other four new ones. He would, therefore, remit to us eight dollars in all and retain one dollar for his commission.

We have during the past year received words of encouragement from so many of our readers that we still feel assured of the statement we made about a year ago, that the usefulness of our paper as a medium of exchange of thought, feeling and general intelligence amongst Friends and others will be increased by enlarging the number of our subscribers and readers. We, therefore, hope our friends will help us in the good work, and at the same time secure to themselves our paper for a year at a reduced rate, besides a good sum for commissions. The first number of the next volume will be dated Eighth month 8, 1885, and we would ask that the names of new subscribers be sent at an early day, in order to enable us intelligently to make arrangements for printing the number of copies that will be required. We are always ready to furnish sample copies on application.

FRANKLIN E. PAIGE, PUBLISHER,

From the Journal of Benjamin Johnson, who sailed for England, 5 mo. 18th, 1796, in company with William Savery, and traveled with him nearly two years, most of the time on the continent, in France, Holland and Germany.

"During our stay at Pyrmont we visited the families of all who go under our name, also five other families who were separated on account of a difference which occurred several years ago, and arose from some small matter to a great height, so that they refused to speak to each other in the streets, and some privately injured each other in the opinion of their neighbors. Some of our company undertook to be mediators between them. After several interviews with both parties, and having in writing the accusation of each against the other, they were advised to come together. They consented—a time was fixed, and they all attended about 6 P. M. After spending nearly four hours together, during which much advice was given them, they appeared tender, arose, shook hands, embraced each other with every appearance of sincerity-one excepted, who refused his hand to a particular person of the other party-said he was not yet prepared, but was endeavoring to for give, but thought himself much injured; that as soon as he felt himself sincere, he would come for

ward and be reconciled. In a few days he came and reconciliation took place to their mutual satisfaction. Thus a schism which had continued for nearly ten years, and threatened the dissolution of the little society there, was happily healed, and they since appear to live in harmony, and during our stay among them they all attended meetings regularly."

"The

William Savery, in his journal in the first vol. of Friends' Library, page 382, tells of this. meeting then concluded in heartfelt praise and supplication to the Fountain of love and mercy, who had in so remarkable a manner blessed the labor and exercise of the evening, and crowned us with gladness. When we parted I thought myself amply paid for the long journey and voyage, and the trying separation from home and friends, by being made a witness of the love of God poured forth I thought as in the beginning among Friends." Benjamin Johnson afterward tells, somewhat more in detail than William Savery, of a similar_reconciliation at Minden, a small settlement of Friends not far from Pyrmont. In 1832 Stephen Grellet visited both places in his last journey through Europe and writes of it: "On the 3d and 4th of Eighth mo. we visited those who are in religious profession with us, in and near Pyrmont. I find the little company in a more hopeful state than when I was with them before. Love and harmony prevail in a good degree among them.

There are

also several interesting young persons. In some of our religious opportunities there was tenderness of spirit manifested, with an evidence that the knowledge and love of the blessed Redeemer, the Lord Jesus Christ, has taken root in some of their minds, whereby fruits unto holiness may be hoped for, to the glory of God. On First day, the Meeting house of Friends, which stands near one of the avenues leading to the Mineral Springs, was attended by a considerable number of those who resort here. Many in the meeting were serious, and manifested a reverent frame of mind; but others were unsettled, but keeping closely under the guidance of the Lord's Spirit, He enabled us, His dependent servants, to minister to the several conditions of that mixed company." Page 258.

For Friends' Review.

THE SPITALFIELDS GENIUS.

Under the above title there has been lately retold, in a book of just 200 pages, the story of William Allen, the author being J. Fayle, who is stated to be "late scholar Trinity Hall, Cambridge," and presumably not a member of the Society of Friends. The book is a very readable one for the general public, the compiler doing full justice to the conscientiousness, pains-taking industry, philanthropic spirit, simplicity of character, and Christian devotedness of the Friend whose lifehistory he briefly narrates. Some of the matter, he says, is from original sources.

As showing W. Allen's unswerving adherence to the principles of peace, the author mentions a circumstance which I think does not occur in the large three-volume "Life," to wit, that the Emperor Alexander, willing to testify in a substantial manner his friendship and esteem for his Quaker counsellor, made him the offer to supply all the drugs

which would be needed by the Russian armies. The offer was declined. The Royal Society, struck with this manifestation of adherence to principle, placed the following estimate of it upon their records : "To his honor be it spoken, he resisted a temptation the value of which it would be difficult to estimate. At the end of a long life he could say that he never compromised his public usefulness for private interests."

Quoting from Fleet's "Glimpses of our Ancestors," the passage in which, speaking of "The Quakers in Sussex," the remark occurs. "As a religious body the Friends may be regarded as extinct," our author adds (the italics his):

"Per

haps so; perhaps their mission is done; but their history is such a bit of the world's life, that one can only hope for a revival. It will not come from imitating this or that sect, but a return to first principles, such as Fox's, and Grellet's, and Allen's." J. W. L.

THE steady burning candle of the Lord need not repine because it is not an electric light. Let the main care be not to hide its light under a bushel.-Christian Register.

OUR LONDON LETTER.

At the Meeting for Sufferings, held on the 3d inst., a letter was received from the "Two Months' Meeting" of South Australia, dated Second mo. Ist. Allusion was made to the great pleasure with Mackie and his wife back again, after their four which the Friends had just welcomed Frederic years' absence in England. Only one circumstance clouded their arrival, and that was the removal a few days previously of Frederic May, of Mount Barker, a brother of Rachel A. Mackie, and one of the oldest Friends in the Colony. The letter referred in very appreciative terms to the new edition of the Book of Christian Discipline. So highly is this volume esteemed, that the Friends of Adelaide have now read through in successive portions the whole of parts I and II in their meetings. From time to time they also avail of opportunities to give it a wider circulation. One Friend has written home for a few more copies, which will be gladly sent out for this purpose.

The meeting in Adelaide appears within the last few years to have rather increased its numbersprincipally by new arrivals from the "Old Country."

An effort has been made to establish a local Peace

association; but it has failed for the present, in consequence of the very small interest taken in the question by the general public. It does seem sad to reflect on the readiness with which the Colonies have yielded to the absurd excitement of warlike preparations. The nations of Europe have grown up under the shadow of this deadly Upas tree, and can scarcely shake off the vicious influence of the old associations. For these, therefore, there may possibly be some shadow of an excuse. But one had hoped that our younger colonies, so favorably situated by nature, and having the great advantage of starting in life free from many of the old-world superstitions, would have shown more calmness and wisdom.

subject of Oaths has lately been brought to our A rather curious point in connection with the

notice.

A young man who joined the Society by convincement some years ago, has had a situation in the Excise, where one of his duties consists in the administration of an oath to others from time to

time. This has been a source of much uneasiness to his mind, as he believed it to be a violation of Christian principle, not merely to take an oath, but also to administer it to others. He felt it right to state his conscientious scruple, even though it should cost him his situation. For some time it seemed likely that he would thus lose his employment altogether, but we are glad to hear that his employers have permitted him to take another this special difficulty. branch of the department, that will be free from

London, Seventh mo. 4th, 1885.

ADULTERATION of food is a minor offence compared with the circulation of reading matter adapted to corrupt the mind and impair the strength of moral principle.- Watchman.

BOOK NOTICES.

TREE PLANTING AND ARBOR DAY.-" A tree, to the thoughtful and loving student of nature, suggests ideas of beauty and perfection to which the mind cannot be lifted, save by a process of wondering admiration."-F. G. Heath.

"The wealth, beauty, fertility, and healthfulness of the country largely depend upon the conservation of our forests and the planting of trees.". J. G. Whittier.

These thoughts, with others of kindred import, we find quoted in another pamphlet sent out by Commissioner Eaton from the Bureau of Education: "Planting Trees in School Grounds, and the Celebration of Arbor Day."

The first clause in this title is the subject of a letter written by Dr. Franklin B. Hough, chief of the forestry division in the Department of Agriculture, in reply to many applications for "advice on the matter of tree planting, wherein the writer an ticipates and answers such questions as how, where, when, and what to plant." As to how. The trees should be about two inches in diameter; should be taken up with an abundance of the small fibrous roots; the ends of the broken roots should be cut off smooth before planting; the tree should be placed a trifle deeper than it stood before; the roots should be spread out, so that none are doubled; the surface soil should be thrown in first upon the roots; and finally the trees should be protected from injury by a guard of wood or wire.

The "where" is so dependent upon locality and special circumstances, that it is scarcely de sirable to copy from it here. The best time for planting is in spring-but deciduous trees may be transplanted with more or less certainty at any time between the fall of leaves in autumn and their new appearance in spring.

The answer to "what should we plant" enumerates a fair variety, of which the elm and maple head the list; the gray willow being recommended as a wind-break where needed; and of evergreens, the arbor vitæ, Norway spruce, and red cedar. Where school grounds are sufficiently ample it is recommended that many varieties be planted, with the added and excellent suggestion that they "should always be labeled with their botanical and common names." A further proposal is that specimens of different woods be collected by the students, so arranged as to show the bark, the grain of the wood, a planed and a polished surface, and with these, when possible, dried specimens of the leaves, blossoms and fruit of each variety. "Such collections made up by the scholars and correctly labeled, under the care of teachers, would become object lessons of first importance, would afford the most profitable kind of employment for leisure hours, and might awaken a love of close observation and a thirst for further knowledge that would ripen into the best of fruits."

There follows in this little book a general discussion of the subject of tree-planting, and account of forestry associations and Arbor Day, compiled and

in part composed by J. B. Peaslee, Superintendent of the Public Schools of Cincinnati; having a preface by Judge Warren Higley, President of the Ohio State Forestry Association.

These writers give us some startling facts in regard to the reckless clearing of our forests, and their statistics show that we have already (our country yet in its infancy) reduced a large part of our forest land to the minimum per cent. estimated by economists as a suitable proportion; this being abɔut one-fourth the entire area. In 1880 the woodland in nine States was less than ten per cent.; and "in the whole United States the woodland occupied thirty-five per cent. of the whole reported area.' This depletion implies also the loss of a very large portion of the most beautiful and valuable woods: oak, elm, walnut, maple, being in demand, have been sacrificed without stint or hindrance. "Ohio was once supposed to possess an unfailing supply of black walnut, but it has been shipped into other States and to foreign countries in such vast quanti ties, that there is now scarcely a first-class tree of this kind to be found in her bounds."

Upon this lavish waste of wood there are serious attendant losses. It is claimed that in consequence of the denudation of forests "our springs are later, our summers are drier, our winter climate subject to far greater changes of temperature than formerly." From this cause freshets are common and terribly destructive in the spring, and the land is parched with drouth in summer months. Cereals yield uncertain returns, and fruit crops often fail. Evidently it is time we were restoring the waste places.

And it is encouraging to learn that" It is not too late to repair the damage. A regulation of the use of timber may be effected without injury to the legitimate lumber trade, and the replanting, as well as the establishing of artificial forests may be made profitable for private as well as public enterprise." "In Germany vast tracts of sterile land have been redeemed by government forestry." Prussia has ten millions of acres of State forests, and many other of the countries of Europe have forests and schools of forestry under government control. Our own government has initiated something of the kind in the Yellowstone Park, and in a few of the States the experiment of cultivating forests has been tried with gratifying success. The American Forestry Congress, instituted in 1882, for the United States and Canada, and two or three State forestry associations, are zealously working for the protection and culture of native and transplanted groves; and the village improvement societies, originated, we believe, by Hon. B. G. Northrop, of Connecticut, tend in the same direction.

It is proposed in these pages that the assistance of the people be called to this endeavor to beautify our homesteads and school grounds, and in some manner restore our wasted woodlands, by inviting the children of our public schools to the work, and that there be united with the planting of trees such other exercises as may make the day devoted to this object a day of gladness to all.

To Nebraska is accorded "the honor of originating Arbor Day," but in Cincinnati, under the management of Superintendent J. B. Peaslee and others, the celebration took the form of a memorial service, trees and groups of trees being planted, with elaborate ceremonies, in memory of pioneers, presidents, soldiers, authors, citizens and events, and this plan has been adopted in other places, both in this country and in Great Britain.

Some features of the "Cincinnati plan" are such as would not commend it to those who maintain the principles of peace, and many of them could only be appropriate in the larger cities; but every public school, every village in the land might plant the trees, and with such associate exercises as would prove a means of culture to heart and mind, and make the day a delightful one, whose annual recurrence would be anticipated with joy.

Is it not possible that Friends, who find it a duty to withdraw from so many of the popular amusements and national celebrations of our time, would do well to participate more generally in such as are to be approved? There is truth in the German proverb, "What you would have appear in the nation's life you must introduce into the public schools," and there is a beautiful consistency in the association of the life of trees and flowers with the vigor and loveliness of youth. Why not then restore the glory of our American forests through the agency and in the interests of American children? Why not by the celebration of a joyous national holiday? And why not let "Arbor Day," which is for the culture and pure enjoyment of the living, and of generations yet to live, take fitting precedence of one* only partially observed, which does but offer a futile tribute to the unconscious dead? H. L. B.

BISHOP OF AFRICA; OR, THE LIFE OF WILLIAM TAYLOR, D. D. By Rev. E. Davies. Published by The Holiness Book Concern, Reading, Mass. Pp. 192. Price, 75 cts.

The author tells us he was prompted to write this book by the Holy Spirit; that he has given a concise and somewhat complete account of Wm. Tay'lor's life and travels, which have been very extensive, and also of his African mission work. He wishes to show and commend his self-supporting method of mission work, and he also hopes by the sale of this book to raise a nice sum for the "Transit and Building Fund" pertaining to the Taylor mission work.

The ardent admiration of the author for the subject of the narrative often leads him into superlative, if not extravagant laudation, but this, no doubt; will be pardonable with most people, and the book will be interesting to a large circle who are deeply interested in Bishop Taylor and his great work. J. H. S.

HARRIS KNIGHT has compiled a 36 page pamphlet of "Illustrations of the pouring out of the Spirit

*Decoration Day.

in the last days on servants and handmaidens, foretold by the Prophet Joel, and experienced in a wonderful degree by the Apostles on the day of Pentecost; also, some extracts from the counsel which those servants have, by the same Spirit, been led to give for the benefit of the inexperienced and backsliding ones." In the preface the compiler gives a Scriptural argument against the limitation of the outpouring to the Apostles in favor of its broader range to all who are willing to faithfully follow its teachings; and although manifesting its power through a variety of temperaments, and colored more or less by the medium through which it shines, yet there are points of resemblance. Amongst different persons there may be observed:

Ist. A fear that they may be mistaken in the call, and wish for a more clear proof of its genu. iness.

2d. A feeling of unworthiness to receive so important a commission, and inability to rightly perform it.

3d. A discouragement at the greatness of their task, and the consequent persecution.

4th. A fear that in executing these duties ridicule may be returned by those to whom they were sent. 5th. On the other hand a strong desire that no human fear may deter them from a direct and childlike obedience.

John Pease is cited as an illustration, who at the age of 22, received the Divine call to the ministry. Also Daniel Wheeler at the age of 42, Mary Dudley aged 23, and Thomas Shillitoe aged 24, John Bunyan, John Justin and others, until the thirteenth is reached in the person of Sarah Mallett aged 20 years.

The interest and value of the pamphlet centres in the grouping of illustrations of the direct operation of the Holy Spirit on the hearts of believers, a doctrine and experience so inexpressibly dear to our fathers in the church. Ó. W.

Two little tracts lie before me from the pen of Harris Knight, entitled respectively, "Questions" and "Answers for the use of Bible Schools." "Who was king before Saul ?'' "Ans. Jud. ix. 6 to 22." "Where is the tenth commandment said to be similar to the second ?" "Ans. Col. iii. 5, and Eph. v. 5;" are examples showing the line of departure from the ordinary track.

A wide awake superintendent could get interesting suggestions from them for use in general exercises. O. W.

RELIGIOUS INTELLIGENCE.

AN Atlanta correspondent of the Advance says: 66 During the last week Atlanta has been lifted toward Heaven on a great tidal wave of spiritual awakening, such as has never been known in the city before, say those who know her history. It has come through the International Convention of the Young Men's Christian Association, held in this city. The three hundred Christian workers who met in the First Baptist Church during these days knew little, I think, of the blessing that would