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practical value to the teacher of to-day. Dauge's Cours de Méthodologie mathématique (Paris, GauthierVillars) is comparatively recent, but this, too, fails to touch the vital points in which the elementary teacher is especially interested. Laisant's La Mathématique (Paris, Carré et Naud), frequently mentioned in this work, is a small volume, but it is one of the best efforts of its kind, and it may well have a place upon the teacher's book-shelf. Clifford's Common Sense of the Exact Sciences (Appleton) should also be at hand for consultation.

In the way of periodical literature, Eneström's Bibliotheca Mathematica (Leipzig, Teubner) is one of the best publications devoted to the history of the subject. As to general mathematical teaching, Hoffmann's Zeitschrift für mathematischen und naturwissenschaftlichen Unterrichts (Leipzig, Teubner), and L'Enseignement Mathématique, Revue Internationale (bi-monthly, Paris, Carré et Naud), are among the best.

INDEX

[Of several foot-note references to the same work, only the first is given.]

[blocks in formation]

in arithmetic, 16, 17, 68, 124, 130.

ethical value of, 169.

growth of, 145,

kinds of, 155.

name, 151.

practical value, 168.

what, and why taught, 161, 165.
when studied, 170.
Al-Khowarazmi, 151, 152, 201.
Allman, 228 n.
Al-Mamun, 151.
Al-Mansur, 150.

Amusements of arithmetic, 15.
Angle, 262, 274.
Approximations, 142, 159.
Arabic numerals, 50, 52, 53.
Arabs, 5, 151.

Arbitrary value check, 190.

Archimedes, 231, 238, 269.

Argand, 213.

Aristotle, 13, 47, 227.

Arithmetic

reasons for teaching, 1, 19, 79, 98.

history of teaching, 71.

when to begin, 116.

utilities of, 2, 7, 35.

mediæval, 58.

crystallizing, 64.

Arithmetic
oral, 117.

commercial, 7, 136.
first year of, 114.

applied problems, 136.
ancient divisions, 56.

present status, 68.

distinguished from algebra, 162.
Arts, seven liberal, 4.
Aryabhatta, 150.
Ascham, 32.
Assyrians, 5.

Austrian methods, 122.
Axioms, 178, 257, 262.

Babylonians, 5, 50, 225.
Bachet de Méziriac, 15.
Bagdad, 151.
Bain, 24 n., 28.
Ball, 241 m., 304.
Beda, 7, 60.

Beetz, 82 n.

Beman, 148 m., 211n.
Beman and Smith

arithmetic, 66n.
algebra, 159 n.
geometry, 285 n.

trans. of Fink, 50n., 304.

trans. of Klein, 290 n.

Benedict, St., 60.

Bertrand, 214.

Bézout, 211.

Biber, 80.

Bibliography, 297.

Biermann, 302.

[blocks in formation]

Discovery, method of, 88.

Dittes, 6 n.

Chrystal, 163, 164 n., 176, 189, 216, 301. Diophantus, 148.

[blocks in formation]

Committee of Ten, 69, 250, 281 n.

Committee of Fifteen, 69, 70, 116.

Compayré, 20 n., 84 n.

Discount, true, 35.

Division, 122.

Dixon, 257 n.

Dodgson, 229 n.

Drawing, 241, 245, 271.

Dressler, 120 n.

Duhamel, 29 n., 304.

Duplication of the cube, 290.

Dupuis, 303.

Complex numbers. See Number sys- Easter problem, 5, 7, 62.

[blocks in formation]

Egyptians, 10, 11, 12, 50, 145, 226.
Elimination, 211.

Encyklopädie d. math. Wiss., 29 n.
Equation

in arithmetic, 16, 17, 68, 69, 124, 130.
of payments, 65.
classification of, 152.
roots of numerical, 159.
quadratic, 198.

equivalent, 203.

radical, 206.

simultaneous, 208.
diophantine, 150.
Erfindungsmethode, 88.
Euclid, 229, 235-238.
Examinations, 10, 216.
Exchange, 36, 65.
Explanations, 140.

Factor, 179.

Factoring, 192, 197.
Fährmann, 46n.
Faifofer, 304.

False position, 124.

Fermat, 41.

Ferrari, 154.

Ferro, 14, 154.

Fibonacci, 53.

Fine, 186 n., 301.

Fingers, 47, 58, 101.

Fink, 50n., 304.

Fiore, 14, 154.
Fischer, 202.

Fisher and Schwatt, 176.

Fitch, 20 n., 24.

Fitzga, 20 n.

Formal solutions, 123.
Formal steps, III.

Fractions, II, 23, 54, 119.

decimal, 55, 66, 119.

Francke Institute, 75.
Frisius, 14, 100 N.

Functions, 162, 163.

Galileo, 244.

Galley method, 67.

Gaultier, 232.

Gauss, 158, 213.

Gemma Frisius, 14, 100n.

Generalization of figures, 279.

Geometry

history of, 224.

non-Euclidean, 233, 265, 269.
defined, 234.
limits, 236.

why studied, 237.

in the grades, 239, 243.
demonstrative, 250, 271
bases of, 257.

impossible in, 289.

solid, 290.

inventional, 245.

Gergonne, 232.

Germain, 208.
Gillespie, 162 n.
Girard, 6 n.

Girard, Père, 83.
Goldbach, 41.

Goodwin, Bp., 171.
Göschen, 176, 302.
Gow, IIn., 227.
Graffenried, 65 n.
Grammateus, 63.
Graphs, 208.
Grass, 97 n.

Grassmann, 106.

Greatest common divisor, 39.

Greeks, 6, 12, 50, 51, 55, 150, 227.

Greenwood, 125 n.

Grube, 89, 118, 298.

Grunert, 202.

Guizot, 61 n.

Hadamard, 285, 296, 303.
Hall, G. S., 140.

Hall and Stevens, 302.
Halliwell, 53 n.
Hamilton, 95.
Hankel, 106, 225 n.
Hanseatic League, 8, 62.
Hanus, 139 n., 244, 347.
Harms, 92 n., 245 n.
Harpedonaptae, 226.
Harpur Euclid, 302.
Harriot, 156 n.
Harris, 125 n.
Harun-al-Raschid, 151.

Hau computation, 145.

Heath, 148 n.
Hebrews, 50.

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