8. Explain the term "matter." What are the general properties of matter? Describe any experiments by which they have been ascertained.

9. Quote the fundamental law of liquid pressure. Give instances of the practical uses made of the application of the same.

10. Account for the formation of the waves.. average velocity, and upon what does it depend?

(d)

What is their

11. Explain the term "heat." Mention any of the properties of heat. Account for the sun being hot. Does all our heat come from the sun?

12. Describe, and explain the principle on which the thermometer is constructed.

Name the three thermometric scales now in use, and convert into the other two, 32°, 180°, 0° Fahrenheit.

13. Explain what is meant by the expression diffusion of heat. What are the laws which regulate it?

(e)

14. Explain the terms: electricity, magnetism, attraction, repulsion, polarity, conductor, non-conductor, and insulator.

15. Distinguish between positive and negative electricity. Given an electrified body, how would you ascertain whether it were charged with positive or negative electricity?

16. Describe as fully as possible a Grove's electric battery.

Science.

Junior and Senior.

Junior: (a) BOTANY; (b) ZOOLOGY.

Senior: (a) BOTANY; (b) ZOOLOGY; (c) PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY.

No Student will be examined in more than one of the subjects (a), (b), (c).

(a)

1. Give the structure and life history of a unicellular alga. Compare its mode of nutrition with that of the yeast plant. State upon what grounds it is considered a vegetable.

2. State, with reference to examples, the simplest modes in which cell-union occurs, explaining in what way the union is effected.

3. Give an account of the structure and growth of fucus, and also of chara.

4. What is a lichen? Explain its structure and method of reproduction.

(b)

1. Describe the most simple animal which you know to exist. How could you prove that it is not a plant?

2. What do you understand by "undifferentiated protoplasm and a "silicious skeleton"?

3. What is the meaning and derivation of the word "protozoa"? Give a classification of this sub-kingdom. How do the protozoa multiply?

4. Which of the protozoa have been largely instrumental in building up England, and by what means have they done so? Describe a vorticella and its action during life.

(c)

1. Enumerate the arguments by which it can be proved that the earth is a globe.

2. Describe the motion of the earth to which the succession of day and night is due, and explain why days and nights are not equal.

3. What is a geological section? Draw sections illustrating anticlinal and synclinal curves, a fault, and unconformable strata.

4. How do we know that chalk was formed at the bottom of the sea?

Science.

Higher Local.

(a) ELEMENTARY CHEMISTRY, PHYSICS, AND BIOLOGY; (b) CHEMISTRY; (c) PHYSICS; (d) BOTANY; (e) ZOOLOGY; (ƒ) PHYSIOLOGY; (g) PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY.

All Students are expected to satisfy the Examiners in (a) and in one at least of the subjects (b) to (g). No Student will be examined in more than three of the subjects (b) to (g) in one year.

(a)

1. By what means can you prove that the air contains both oxygen and nitrogen? How is the volumetric analysis of air effected?

2. What is the meaning and use of chemical symbols, and the numbers implied by them?

3. Explain the term heat, and describe any experiments which have been made to discover its nature and properties.

4. Distinguish between apparent and absolute expansion. Define the terms, coefficient of linear, and coefficient of cubic, expansion. How may the cubic expansion of a solid and a liquid be determined?

5. What definitions have been suggested for the term individual? By instances from the vegetable and the animal world shew the difficulty of deciding what is to be understood by the

same.

6. Distinguish between the terms homogenesis and heterogenesis, oviparous and viviparous. Give the conditions under which circumstances each process of multiplication takes place.

(b)

1. How do hydrogen salts differ from metallic salts? Why is hydric sulphate said to be dibasic?

2. What is the action of hydrochloric acid on zinc, iron, and magnesium? Express the reaction in equations.

3. Explain the following terms: amalgam, basic oxide, alloy, allotrophy, dyad radical, dimorphism.

4. Compare the compounds of oxygen with those of sulphur, and make a table of them to illustrate your comparison.

(c)

1. Describe the different ways in which heat may be transmitted or diffused, and give familiar instances of the same. How do you account for heat reaching us from the sun?

2. What is meant by the specific heat of a body? How may the same be ascertained? What is the specific heat of zinc if 8 oz., at temperature 90° C, put into 20 oz. of water at 15° C, raise the temperature to 18° C ?

3. Mention the chief sources of the heat (i) of the atmosphere, (ii) of a plant, (iii) of an animal, (iv) of a coal mine, (v) of the sea, (vi) of a flame.

(d)

1. Describe the growth in thickness of the stem of elm. Account for the ringed appearance in cross section of such a stem, and in the stem of cycas.

2. In what plants is periderm found, and how is it formed?

3. Compare the arrangement of the tissues in the stems of equisetum, monocotyledons, and ferns.

4. Compare briefly the minute structure of the roots of ferns, grasses, and dicotyledons. How do roots increase in thickness?

(e)

1. Draw up a classification of animals breathing by trachea or pulmonary sacs. Describe these structures.

2. Describe the nervous system of blatta orientalis, also the structure of the head and appendages, noting any points of difference between it and crustaceans in these particulars.

3. Give the life-history of one of the insecta having complete metamorphosis, describing minutely the anatomy of the example you select.