Basilikon Doron, thought to be the best of all his works. In his seventh year prince Henry began his correspondence with foreign powers. At this early period he also began to add to his literary accomplishments some of the martial kind, such as riding, the exercise of the bow and pike, the use of fire arms, &c., as well as singing, dancing, &c. On his ninth birth-day he sent a letter in Latin to the king, informing him that he had read over Terence's Hecyra, the third book of Phædrus's Fables, and two books of Cicero's Epistles; and that now he thought himself capable of performing something in the commendatory kind of epistles. His accomplishments were soon spoken of in foreign countries; and these, along with the general suspicion that James favored the Catholic party, probably induced pope Clement VIII. to propose, that, if James would entrust him with the education of the young prince, he would advance such sums of money as would effectually establish him on the throne of England. This happened a little before the death of Elizabeth; but James, notwithstanding his ambition to possess the crown of England, of which he was not yet altogether certain, withstood the temptation. On the death of queen Elizabeth James left Scotland in such haste that he had no time to take a personal leave of his son, and therefore did so by letter, which was answered by the prince in Latin. In July 1603 prince Henry was invested with the order of the garter. Being obliged to leave London, on account of the plague, he retired to Oatlands, a royal palace near Weybridge in Surrey, where a separate household was appointed for him and his sister Elizabeth. In his tenth year he applied himself to naval and military affairs. In 1606 the prince waited on his uncle Frederick III. king of Denmark, who had come to England on a visit to king James; and who was so much pleased with his company, that he presented him at parting with his vice-admiral and best ship of war, and a rapier and hanger, valued at 2000 marks. In July, 1607, the Dutch ambassadors came recommended to prince Henry by the States. He had a great regard for his grand aunt lady Arabella Stewart, sister of Henry lord Darnley; and there is still extant a letter from her, acknowledging some kindness he had bestowed on a kinsman at her recommendation: and he particularly patronised Joseph Hall, afterwards bishop of Exeter. The courage, intrepidity, and martial turn of this prince, were manifest from his infancy. In August, 1607, he visited" the royal navy at Woolwich, and repeatedly went to the dock-yards at Woolwich, Chatham, &c. Among his papers a list of the royal navy was found after his death, with an account of all the expenses of fitting out, manning, &c., which must now be accounted a valuable addition to the naval history of those times. His passion for naval affairs naturally led him to a desire of making geographical discoveries; of which two instances are recorded. One was in 1607, when he received from Mr. Tindal his gunner, who had been employed by the Virginia Company, a draught of James's River in that country, with letter dated 22d June the same year. The

other was in 1612, when he employed Mr. Thomas Button, an eminent mariner, to go in quest of a north-west passage, but who did not return till after prince Henry's death. His martial disposition was displayed on occasion of his being invested in the principality of Wales, and duchy of Cornwall, June 4th, 1610; when, at the tournaments given, according to the romantic taste of the times, he gave and received thirty-two pushes of the lance, performing his part to the admiration of all who saw him, being then not sixteen years of age. In 1611 a proposal was made for a double marriage betwixt the prince of Wales and the eldest princess of Savoy, and between the prince of Savoy and lady Elizabeth; but these overtures were very coolly received by the nation. In his nineteenth year his constitution underwent a remarkable change; he began to appear pale and thin, and forebodings of a dangerous malady appeared, but were totally neglected, even after he began to be seized at intervals with fainting fits. Notwithstanding these alarming symptoms, he continued his usual employments. On the 1st of November he was blooded, the impropriety of which was manifest by the thin and dissolved state of the blood which was taken away. He expired on the 6th of November, 1612, at the age of eighteen years, eight months, and seventeen days. On opening his body, the lungs were found black, spotted, and full of corrupt matter. His funeral was not solemnised till the 7th of December. His early death concurring with the public apprehensions of the papists, and the ill opinion which the nation then had of the court, gave rise to suspicions of its being hastened by poison, which were heightened by the very little concern shown by some persons in great statrons. With these notions his mother the queen was peculiarly impressed, according to Dr.Welwood; who informs us, that, when he fell into his last illness, the queen sent to Sir Walter Raleigh for his cordial, which she herself had taken some time before in a fever. Raleigh sent it, with a letter to the queen, wherein he expressed a tender concern for the prince; and, boasting of his medicine, said that it would certainly cure him or any other of a fever, except in case of poison.' As the prince took this medicine, and died, notwithstanding its virtues, the queen, in the agony of her grief, showed Raleigh's letter; and laid so much weight on the expression about poison, that as long as she lived she could never be persuaded but that the prince had died by that means. It is sufficient however to oppose to all such suggestions the unanimous opinion of the physicians who attended the prince, and opened his body after his death; from which, as Dr. Welwood observes, there can be no inference drawn that he was poisoned. To this may be added the authority of Sir Charles Cornwallis.

HENRY (Philip), a pious and learned nonconformist minister, was the son of Mr. John Henry, page to James, duke of York, and was born at Whitehall in 1631. He was admitted into Westminster school at twelve years of age; became the favorite of Dr. Busby, and was employed by him, with some others, in collecting materials for the Greek grammar he afterwards

published. Thence he removed to Christ Church, Oxford; where, having obtained the degree of M. A., he was taken into the family of judge Puleston, at Emeral in Flintshire, as tutor to his sons, and to preach at Worthenbury. He soon after married the only daughter of Mr. Daniel Matthews of Broad-oak, near Whitchurch, by whom he became possessed of a competent estate. On the Restoration, he refused to conform, was ejected, and retired with his family to Broad-oak; where he lived about twenty-eight years.

HENRY (Matthew), an eminent dissenting minister, the son of the above, was born in 1662. He continued under his father's care till he was

eighteen years of age; in which time he became well skilled in the learned languages, especially in the Hebrew, which his father had rendered familiar to him from his childhood. He was afterwards entered in Gray's Inn for the study of the law. But at length, resolving to devote his life to divinity, in 1686 he retired into the country, and was chosen pastor of a congregation at Chester, where he lived about twentyfive years, greatly esteemed and beloved by his people. He had several calls to London, which he constantly declined; but was at last prevailed upon to accept a unanimous invitation from a congregation at Hackney. He wrote, 1. Expositions of the Bible, in 5 vols. folio. 2. Directions for Daily Communion with God. 3. A Method for Prayer. 4. Four Discourses against Vice and Immorality. 5. The Communicant's Companion. 6. Family Hymns. 7. A Scriptural Catechism; and, 8. A Discourse concerning the Nature of Schism. He died of an apoplexy at Nantwich in 1714; and was interred at Trinity church in Chester.

HENRY, or BLIND HARRY, or HENRY THE MINSTREL, an ancient Scottish author, distinguished by no particular surname, but well known as the composer of an historical poem reciting the achievements of Sir William Wallace. This poem continued for several centuries to be in great repute; but afterwards sunk into neglect, until 1790, when it was again released from its obscurity by a very neat and correct edition published at Perth, under the inspection and patronage of the earl of Buchan. It is difficult to ascertain the precise time in which this poet lived, or when he wrote his history, as the two authors who mention him speak somewhat differently. Dempster, who wrote in the beginning of the seventeenth century, says that he lived in 1361 but Major, who was born in 1446, says that he composed his book during the time of his infancy, which we must therefore suppose to have been a few years posterior to 1446; for, if it had been composed that very year, the circumstance would probably have been mentioned.

HENRY (Robert), D. D., author of a History of Great Britain, was born 18th of February, 1718; educated at St. Ninians and Stirling; afterwards completed his education at the university of Edinburgh, and was some time master of the grammar-school of Annan. He was licensed 27th March, 1746, and was the first licenciate of the presbytery of Annan after its

erection. In November, 1748, he was ordained a minister of a dissenting congregation at Carlisle; and on the 13th of August, 1760, was called to another at Berwick-upon-Tweed, where, in 1763, he married. He was removed to the new Gray Friars' church, Edinburgh, in November, 1768, by the influence of provost Laurie, who had married Mrs. Henry's sister; and in November, 1776, to the Old Church, where he continued till his death. In 1770 the degree of D. D. was conferred on him by the university of Edinburgh, and in 1774 he was unanimously elected moderator of the general assembly, and is the only person on record who obtained that honor the first time he was a

member. While he was in Berwick he published a scheme for raising a fund for the widows and orphans of Protestant dissenting ministers in the north of England. By his activity he overcame many difficulties, and had the pleasure of seeing the scheme commence in 1762. Dr. Henry published the first five volumes of his history at his own risk. But it certainly required more than a common share of literary courage to attempt, on so large a scale, a subject so intricate and extensive as the history of Britain, from the invasion of Julius Cæsar. That Dr. Henry neither over-rated his powers nor his industry was proved by the success and reputation of his work. The first volume of his history, in 4to., was published in 1771, the second in 1774, the third in 1777, the fourth in 1781, and the fifth (which brings down the history to the accession of Henry VII.) in 1785. He did not profess to study the ornaments of language; but his arrangement is uniformly regular and natural, and his style simple and perspicuous. He believed that the time which might be spent in polishing a sentence was more usefully employed in ascertaining a fact: and as a book of facts and solid information, supported by authentic documents, his history will stand a comparison with any other of the same period. His profits upon the whole amounted to about £3300; a striking proof of the merit of the work. In its progress it also proved the means of introducing Dr. Henry to more extensive patronage, and in particular to that of the earl of Mansfield. That venerable nobleman thought the merit of Dr. Henry's history so considerable, that, without solicitation, after the publication of the fourth volume, he applied personally to his majesty, to bestow on the author some mark of his royal favor. In consequence of this Dr. Henry was informed, by a letter from lord Stormont, of his majesty's intention to confer on him an annual pension for life of £100, 'considering his distinguished talents and great literary merit, and the importance of the very useful and laborious work in which he was so successfully engaged, as titles to his royal countenance and favor. The warrant was issued on the 28th of May, 1781; and his right to the pension commenced from the 5th of April preceding, and continued till his death. From the earl of Mansfield he received many other testimonies of esteem, which he was often heard to mention with the most affectionate gratitude. The 8vo. edition of his history,

published in 1788, was inscribed to his lord ship. The 4to. edition had been dedicated to the king. From the year 1785 his bodily strength was sensibly impaired. Notwithstand ing this he persisted steadily in preparing his sixth volume, which brings down the history to the accession of Edward VI., and left it in the hands of his executors almost completed. Scarcely any thing remained unfinished but the two short chapters on arts and manners; and even for these he left materials and authorities so distinctly collected, that there was no great difficulty in supplying what was wanting. This volume was published in 1792; and met with the same favorable reception from the public which had been given to the former volumes. Till the summer of 1790 he was able to pursue his studies, though not without interruptions. But he then lost his health entirely; and, with a constitution quite worn out, died on the 24th of November, in the seventy-third year of his age. He was buried in the church-yard of Polmont. HENRY OF HUNTINGDON, an English historian of the twelfth century, canon of Lincoln, and afterwards archdeacon of Huntingdon. He wrote, 1. A history of England, which ends with the year 1154; 2. A continuation of that of Bede; 3. Chronological tables of the kings of England; 4. A small treatise on the contempt of the world; 5. Several books of epigrams and love verses; and, 6. A poem on herbs; all in Latin.

HENRY OF SUSA, a famous civilian and canonist of the thirteenth century, who acquired such reputation that he was called the source and splendor of the law. He was archbishop of Embrun about 1258, and cardinal bishop of Ostia in 1262. He wrote A Summary of the Canon and Civil Law; and A Commentary on the Book of the Decretals, composed by order of Alexander IV.

HENRY, a mountainous county of Virginia, bounded on the north by Franklin, south and south-east by Patrick, south-west by Grison, and west and north-west by Montgomery counties. It is forty miles long, and fifteen broad.

HENRY, CAPE, the south cape of Virginia, at the entrance of Chesapeake Bay. Long. 76° 16′ W., lat. 37° 0' N.

HENSHALL (Samuel), an ingenious Saxon scholar of modern times. He was educated at Oxford, where he became a fellow of Brazennose. In 1798 he published a quarto volume, entitled Specimens and Parts of a Topographical, Commercial, Civil, and Nautical History of South Britain. He was also the author of The Saxon and English Languages, illustrative of each other, the impractibility of acquiring an accurate knowledge of Saxon literature through the medium of Latin phraseology, exemplified in the errors of Hickes, Wilkins, Gibson, and other scholars; and a new mode suggested of radically studying the Saxon and English languages, 4to.; Actual Survey of South Britain, by the Commissioners of William the Conqueror, completed in 1086; faithfully translated, with an Introduction, Notes, and Illustrations of S. Henshall and John Wilkinson, 4to. 1799; The Etymological Organic Reasoner; with one Sheet

of the Gothic Gospel of St. Matthew; and another of the Saxon Durham Book, in Roman Characters; and a literal English Version, 1807. Both the latter works were imperfect; the author, who was rector of St. Mary, Stratford-le-Bow, Essex, having died soon after the publication of the first number of his Organic Reasoner in 1807.

HENTING, in agriculture, a term used by the farmers for a particular method of sowing before the plough; the corn, being cast in a straight line just where the plough is to come, is by this means presently ploughed in. By this way of sowing they save a great deal of seed and other charges, a dexterous boy being as capable of sowing this way out of his hat as the most skilful' seedsman. Henting is also a term used by the ploughmen, and others, to signify the two furrows that are turned from one another at the bottom, in the ploughing of a ridge. The word seems to be a corruption of ending, because these furrows made an end of plowing the ridges. The tops of the ridges they call verrings.

A

HEPAR SULPHURIS, alkaline sulphur, or liver of sulphur, a combination of alkali and sulphur. By the fume arising on the decomposition of hepar sulphuris by an acid, Sir T. Bergman found a method of imitating the hot or sulphureous mineral waters, to as great perfection as the cold ones are now imitated by fixed air. The process consists simply in adding the vitriolic acid to hepar sulphuris, and impregnating water with the peculiar species of air that arises from this mixture, in the same manner as when water is impregnated with the fixed air arising from the mixture of that on any other acid with chalk. The hepatic air, as Bergman calls it, is very readily absorbed by water; to which it gives the smell, taste, and all the other sensible qualities of the sulphureous waters. Swedish cantharus of distilled water, containing twelve Swedish inches and a-half, will ab sorb about sixty cubic inches of this hepatic air; and, on dropping into it the nitrous acid, it will appear, that a real sulphur is contained, in a state of perfect solution, in this water, to the quantity of eight grains. When any particular sulphureous water is to be imitated, we scarcely need to observe, that the saline, or other contents peculiar to it, are to be added to the artificial hepatic water. Instead of the liver of sulphur, the operator may use a mixture of three parts of filings of iron, and two parts of sulphur melted together. It may perhaps be thought that water thus prepared does not differ from that in which a portion of the hepar sulphuris has been dissolved; but it appears evidently to differ from it in this material circumstance, that in the solution of hepar sulphuris, the sulphur is held in solution by the water, by means of the alkali combined with it: whereas, in Bergman's process, it does not appear probable that the hepar sulphuris rises substantially in the form of air; for, in that case, its presence in the hepatic water might be detected by the weakest of the acids (even the mephitic) which would precipitate the sulphur from it. Nor can it be supposed that any portion or constituent part of the alkali itself, except a part of its remaining fixed air,

HEPATIC, or hepatic air, a permanently elastic fluid, of a very disagreeable odor, obtained in plenty from combinations of sulphur with earths, alkalies, metals, &c., and sometimes from combinations of alkalies with substances which do not appear to contain any sulphur. See CHEMISTRY. Its specific gravity is to that of common air as 10,000 to 9038. The nature of this fluid has been particularly examined by Kirwan, of whose experiments an account is given in the seventy-sixth volume of the Philosophical Transactions. From the results, that gentleman concludes, that hepatic air consists merely of rarefied sulphur. Some have supposed that it consists of liver of sulphur itself volatilised; but this Kirwan denies, for the following reasons: 1. It is evidently, though weakly, acid; reddening litmus, and precipitating acetous baro-selenite, though none of the other solutions of earths do so. 2. It may be extracted from materials which either contain no alkali at all, or next to none; as iron, sugar, oil, charcoal, &c. 3. It is not decomposed by marine or fixed air; by which, nevertheless, liver of sulphur may be decomposed. Kirwan says, he was formerly of opinion that sulphur was held in solution in hepatic air, either by means of vitriolic or marine air: but neither of these is essential to the constitution of hepatic air as such, since it is producible from materials that contain neither of these acids; and from whatever substance it is obtained, it always affords the same character, viz. that of the vitriolic acid exceedingly weakened, such an acid as we may suppose sulphur itself to be. This substance indeed, even in its concrete state, manifests the properties of an acid, by uniting with alkalies, calcareous and ponderous earths, as well as with most metals, which a very weak acid might be supposed to do. See CHEMISTRY. HEPATITIS, in medicine, inflammation of the liver. See MEDICINE.

HEPATOSCOPIA, from map, liver, and OKOTεW, I consider, in antiquity, a species of divination, wherein predictions were made by inspecting the livers of animals. The word was also used for divination by entrails.

HEPBURN (James Bonaventura), a celebrated Scottish author, of the sixteenth century, born at Oldhamstocks, in East Lothian, 1573. His father, Thomas Hepburn, who was rector of that parish, and was a convert of the celebrated John Knox, bred him up a Protestant; notwithstanding which, he had hardly completed his academical education at St. Andrews, when, either from persuasion or views of interest, he

became a Roman Catholic, and travelled into France and Italy. After this be set out on a more extensive peregrination through Turkey, Persia, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Ethiopia, and most other countries of note in the East. Upon his return to Europe he entered into a convent. of Minims, an order of Franciscans, at Avignon, and afterwards removed to the monastery of the Holy Trinity at Rome. Pope Paul V., hearing of his great acquisitions in oriental learning, drew him from this retirement, by appointing him keeper of the oriental books and MSS. in the Vatican; in which office he continued six years. He afterwards went to Venice to translate some Hebrew, Syriac, and Chaldaic writings; and died in that city in 1620 or 1621. His works are very numerous. The most important are, 1. A Hebrew and Chaldaic Dictionary, and an Arabic grammar; printed at Rome, in 1 vol. 4to., 1591. 2. A Translation of the Psalms from the Hebrew into Latin with a Commentary: 3,. An Abridged Chronicle of the Affairs of the Romans: 4. A Collection of all the Synonymous words in the Bible: 5. A Treatise on Mys tical Numbers; from the Hebrew of Eben Ezra : 6. Sepher Jetzira, or the Book of the Creation; said to have been written by the patriarch Abraham: 7. The Book of Enoch: all translated,. with many similar works, into Latin. His merit, however, as a linguist, is unquestionable.

HEPHÆSTIA, in antiquity, an Athenian festival in honor of Vulcan, the chief ceremony of which was a race with torches. The antago nists were three young men, one of whom, by lot, took a lighted torch in his hand, and began. his course; if the torch was extinguished before he finished the race, he delivered it to the second, and he, in like manner, to the third: the victory was his who first carried the torch lighted to the end of the race; and to this successive delivering of the torch we find many allusions in ancient writers.

HEPHTHEMIMERIS, of εTTα, seven, nu ovis, half, and μepos, part, in the Greek and Latin poetry, a sort of verses consisting of three feet and a syllable; that is, of seven half-feet; called also trimetri catalectici. Such are most of the verses in Anacreon.

Θελω

Ατρει

δας

λεγειν Θελω δε Καδ μου α δειν, &c. HEPHTHEMIMERIS, or HEPHTHEMIMERES, is also a cæsura after the third foot; that is, on the Seventh half foot. It is a rule that this syllable, though it be short in itself, must be made long on account of the casura, or to make it an hephthemimeris. As in that verse of Virgil

Et furiis agitatus amor, et conscia virtus HEPS, n. s. Hawthorn berries: commonly written hips.

swete as is the bramble flour, That bereth the red hepe.

Chaucer. The Rime of Sire Thopas. In hard Winters there is observed great plenty of heps and haws, which preserve the small birds from starving.

Bacon.

HEPS, or HIPS. See ROSA. HEP TREE. See ROSA. HEPTACAP'SULAR, adj. Gr. Era and capsula. Having seven cavities or cells.

HEPTACHORD, in ancient poetry, signified

This pride of hers,

Shakspeare.

HEPTAGON, n. s. Fr. heptagone; Gr. HEPTAG'ONAL. }πra and Yuvia.

figure with seven sides or angles.

A

HEPTAGYNIA, from sπra, seven, and yin, a female, an order of plants consisting of such as have seven styles. See BOTANY.

HEPTANDRIA, in botany, from εжтα, seven, and avŋp, a man, the seventh class in Linnæus's sexual method, consisting of plants with hermaphrodite flowers, which have seven stamina or male organs. See BOTANY. HEP TARCHY, n. s. Fr. heptarchie; Gr. πra and áρxn. A sevenfold government. In the Saxon heptarchy I find little noted of arms, albeit the Germans, of whom they descended, used shields. Camden.

England began not to be a people, when Alfred reduced it into a monarchy; for the materials thereof were extant before, namely, under the heptarchy. Hale's Origin of Mankind.

The next returning planetary hour Of Mars, who shared the heptarchy of power, His steps bold Arcite to the temple bent. Dryden. HEPTARCHY signifies a government composed of seven persons, or a country governed by seven persons, or divided into seven kingdoms.

HEPTARCHY, THE SAXON, included all England, which was cantoned out into seven independent kingdoms, peopled and governed by different clans and colonies, viz. those of Kent, the South Saxons, West Saxons, East Saxons, Northumberland, the East Angles, and Mercia. The heptarchy was formed gradually from A. D. 455, when first the kingdom of Kent was erected, and Hengist assumed the title of king of Kent immediately after the battle of Eglesford; and it terminated in 827 or 828, when Egbert reunited them into one, turned the heptarchy into a monarchy, and assumed the title of king of England. See ENGLAND.

HER,pron.

In Sax. þena, þen, stood for HERS, their, or of them, which at length became the female possessive. Belonging to a female; of a she; of a woman: her is the oblique case of she; and hers is used when it refers to a substantive going before.

O Nature held on hire hond
A formell egle, of shape the gentillest
That ever she among hire workes fonde,
The most benigne, and eke the godeliest;
In hire was every vertue at his rest,
So far for the, that Nature hireself had blisse
To loke on hire, and oft hire becke to kisse.
Chaucer. The Assemblie of Foules.

Still new favourites she chose, "Till up in arms my passion rose, And cast away her yoke.

Cowley.

One month, three days, and half an hour, Judith held the sovereign power;

Wonderous beautiful her face; But so weak and small her wit, That she to govern were unfit,

And so Susanna took her place.

She cannot seem deformed to me, And I would have her seem to others so. The moon arose clad o'er in light, With thousand stars attending on her train; With her they rise, with her they set again. Thine own unworthiness, Will still that thou art mine, not hers, confess.

The pleasing sight he often does prolong; Her mast erect, tough cordage, timber strong; Her moving shape, all these he doth survey, And all admires, but most his easy prey.

Id.

Id.

Id.

Id.

་

Marvell.

Some secret charm did all her acts attend,
And what his fortune wanted, hers could mend.
Dryden,

Her daughter, tempered with a milder ray,
Like summer clouds all silvery, smooth, and fair,
Till slowly charged with thunder they display
Terror to earth, and tempest to the air,
Had held till now her soft and milky way;
But, overwrought with passion and despair,
The fire burst forth from her Numidian veins,
Even as the simoom sweeps the blasted plains.

Byron. Don Juan. HERACLEA, an ancient city and sea-port of Romania, Northern Greece, on a promontory of the gulf of Salonica, near Mount Olympus. The town at present standing on this site is called Peatamona, twenty-four miles north-east of Lanisa, and forty-three S. S. W. of Salonica.

HERACLEONITES, a sect of heretics, the followers of Heracleon, who refined upon the Gnostic system, and maintained that the world was not the immediate production of the son of God, but that he was only the occasional cause of its being created by the Demiurgus. The Heracleonites denied the authority of the Old dom sounds in the air; and that St. John the Testament, maintained that they were mere ranBaptist was the only true voice that directed to

the Messiah.

HERACLEUM, madness, a genus of the digynia order, and pentandria class of plants; natural order forty-fifth, umbellatæ. The fruit is elliptical, emarginated, compressed, and striated, with a thin border: coa. difform, inflexed, and emarginated; the involucrum dropping off. There are thirteen species, of which the most re markable is-H. spondylium, the cow parsnip. It is common in many parts of Britain, and other northern parts of Europe and Asia. Gmelin, in his Flora Siberica, p. 214, tells us, that the inhabitants of Kamtschatka, about the beginning of July, collect the foot-stalks of the radical leaves of this plant, and, after peeling off the rind, dry them separately in the sun, and then, tying them in bundles, dry them carefully in the shade in a short time afterwards these dried