HINGHAM, or HENGHAM (Sir Ralph de), an English lawyer of the thirteenth century, was the proprietor of an estate at Hingham, in Norfolk. He appears also to have held a canonry in St. Paul's cathedral, London, and was one of the justices of the king's bench, and a justice itinerant under Edward I., among the number of those first appointed. He was the chief commissioner for the government of the kingdom, while Edward visited Palestine; but, after the king's return, was dismissed from office for bribery, and fined7000 marks, on the non-payment of which he was imprisoned, and afterwards banished, with nine of his brethren. Hingham was

in disgrace till the accession of Edward II., in 1308, when he was raised to the office of chief justice of the common pleas, but died the same year. He is chiefly known from Selden having published, in the original Latin, with English notes, a treatise of his entitled Summa Magna et Parva, relating to the ancient forms of pleadings; and composed a register of writs mentioned by Dugdale.

HINGHAM, a market town and parish of Norfolk, ninety-nine miles north from London. The buildings are tolerably neat, but the streets are irregular. The church is a very large building with a lofty tower, erected in the reign of Edward III. In the church were held seven guilds, each having a stipendiary chaplain serving at the respective altars, constituting a choir. The tower is very high and large, and contains eight bells. The river Yare has its source near this town. Market on Saturday.

HINGHAM, a port town of Plymouth county, Massachusetts, fourteen miles south-east from Boston, and 455 from Washington. It lies on the south side of Boston harbour, and contains three congregational churches, a woollen manufactory, and a well endowed academy. It has some trade, and is a place of considerable resort of company from Boston in the summer. Popu

lation about 2400.

HING-HOA, a city of China of the first rank, in the province of Fo-kien, near the sea-coast. The walls are thick, and the streets well paved. The city is adorned with several triumphal arches, and majestic public buildings. Silk and rice are its chief commodities. It is 900 miles south of Pekin.

HINOJOSA, a town of Spain in Cordova, It is surrounded with mountains, and has a manufacture of coarse cloth, much worn by the Franciscans. Inhabitants 4000. Eighteen miles north of Llerena.

HINT, v. a. & n. s. Fr. enter, indice; Latin indicium. To bring to mind by a slight allusion; to mention imperfectly; to insinuate: used with the particle at, it implies a slight reference to some subject; a suggestion or intimation. VOL. XI.

On this hint I spake,

She loved me for the dangers I had past. Shakspeare. Othello. Let him strictly observe the first stirrings and intimations, the first hints and whispers of good and evil, that pass in his heart. South.

Actions are so full of circumstances, that, as men observe some parts more than others, they take different hints, and put different interpretations on them. Addison.

Speaking of Augustus's actions, he still remembers that agriculture ought to be some way hinted at throughout the whole poem. Id. On the Georgicks.

Willing to wound, and yet afraid to strike, Just hint a fault, and hesitate dislike. Pope. In waking whispers, and repeated dreams, To hint pure thought, and warn the favoured soul. HIP, n. s., v. a. & interj.~ HIP'PISH, adj. HIP'SHOT, HIP'WORT.

Thomson. From Sax. þeopa. The joint of the thigh; the haunch. To have on the hip. A low phrase. another. It seems to be taken from hunting, the To have an advantage over hip or haunch of a deer being the part comonly seized by the dogs: to sprain the hip: hip-hop a cant word: hip, an exclamation, as the hipshot, having a dislocated hip: hipwort a plant; Latin heus; hippish, fanciful, hypochondriac; hip the fruit of the dogrose. See HEPS.

Hire hippes were.
And of a gode brede
Chaucer. Boke of the Duchesse.
Eating hips, and drinking watery foam. Hubberd's Tale.
His horse was hipped.
Shakspeare.

How now, which of your hips has the most profound

sciatica?

Id.

Id.

If this poor brach of Venice, whom I cherish For his quick hunting, stand the putting on, I'll have our Michael Cassio on the hip. Why should you want? Behold, the earth hath The oaks bear masts, the briars scarlet hips. roots; Id. Years of store of haws and hips do commonly por tend cold winters. Bacon's Natural History.

So shepherds use

To set the same mark on the hip

Both of their sound and rotten sheep. Hudibras. Hippocrates affirmeth of the Scythians, that, using continual riding, they were generally molested with the sciatica or hip gout. Browne's Vulgar Errours. Against a stump his tusks the monster grinds, And ranched his hips with one continued wound.

Dryden.

as if you were hipshot? says the goose to the gosling. Why do you go nodding and waggling so like a fool,

L'Estrange.

Your different tastes divide our poet's cares; One foot the sock, t'other the buskin wears: Thus, while he strives to please, he's forced to do't, Like Volscius hip-hop in a single boot. Congreve.

HIP, in the materia medica, the fruit of the dogrose or wild brier. See Rosa. It contains an acidulous, yet sweetish pulp; with a rough prickly matter enclosing the seeds from which the pulp ought to be carefully separated before it be taken internally. The Wirtemberg College observes, that from a neglect of this, pulp of hips sometimes occasions a pruritus and. uneasiness about the anus; and the conserve of it has been known to excite violent vomiting. The conserve is the only officinal preparation of this fruit which possesses any medical virtues, but is merely used by the apothecaries as a vehicle

S

thus denominated, because they were the first that taught the art of mounting animals; which occasioned some of their neighbours to imagine that the beast and man were but one creature. The hippocentaurs should seem to have differed from the centaurs in this, that the latter rode only on bullocks, and the former on horses, as the names intimate. See CENTAUR.

HIPPOCRAS, n. s. Fr. hypocras, quasi vinum Hippocratis. A medicated wine.

Sack and the well-spiced hippocrass, the wine, Wassail the bowl, with ancient ribbands fine.

King. HIPPOCRAS is composed of wine, with spices and other ingredients, and is much used in France, as a cordial after meals. There are various kinds of it, according to the kind of wine and other ingredients used: as white, red, claret, and strawberry hippocras; hippocras without wine; cyder hippocras, &c. The London Dispensatory directs it to be made of cloves, ginger, cinnamon, and nutmegs, grossly powdered, and infused in canary with sugar; to this infusion may be added, milk, a lemon, and some slips of rosemary, and the whole strained through flannel. It is recommended as a cordial, and in paralytic and nervous cases.

HIPPOCRATES, the greatest physician of antiquity, was born in the island of Coos, in the eightieth Olympiad, and flourished during the Peloponnesian war. He was the first on record who laid down precepts concerning physic; and according to his biographer, Soranus, was descended from Hercules and Esculapius. He was first a pupil of his father Heraclides, then of Herodicus, then of Gorgias of Leontium, the orator, and, according to some, of Democritus of Abdera. After being instructed in physic and the liberal arts, and losing his parents, he left Coos, and practised physic all over Greece; where he was so much admired for his skill, that he was publicly sent for to Perdiccas, king of Macedonia, who was then thought to be consumptive. But Hippocrates, as soon as he arrived, pronounced the disease to be entirely mental. For, upon the death of his father Alexander, Perdiccas fell in love with Philas, his father's mistress; which Hippocrates discerning by the change her presence always wrought upon him, a cure was soon effected. Being entreated by the people of Abdera to come and cure Democritus of a supposed madness, he went; but, upon his arrival, instead of finding Democritus mad, he pronounced all his fellow citizens so, and Democritus the only wise man among them. He heard many lectures from him; which made Celsus and others imagine, that Hippocrates was the disciple of Democritus, though it is probable they never saw each other till this interview. Hippocrates had also public invitations from other countries. Thus, when a plague invaded the Illyrians and Pæonians, the kings of those countries entreated him to come to their relief: he did not go but, learning from the messengers the course of the winds there, he concluded that the distemper would come to Athens; and, foretelling what would happen, applied himself to take care of the city and the students. He was indeed such a lover of his country, that when his

fame had reached as far as Persia, and Artaxerxes entreated him, with a promise of great rewards, to come to him, he refused to go, saying that 'he had food, clothing, and a habitation in his own country that it would be unworthy of him to aspire to the wealth or grandeur of the Persians, or to cure barbarians who were the enemies of Greece.' He also delivered his own country from a war with the Athenians, by prevailing with the Thessalians to come to their assistance, for which he received very great honors from the Coans. The Athenians also honored him greatly; they admitted him next to Hercules in the Eleusinian ceremonies; gave him the freedom of the city; and voted a public maintenance for him and his family in the prytanæum at Athens, where none were maintained but such as had done signal service to the state. He died among the Larissæans, some say in his ninetieth year, some in his eighty-fifth, others in his 104th, and some in his 109th. The best edition of his works is that of Foesius, in Greek and Latin. Hippocrates wrote in the Ionian dialect.

HIPPOCRATES'S SLEEVE, n. s. A woollen bag, made by joining the two opposite angles of a square piece of flannel, used to strain syrups and decoctions for clarification.

HIPPOCRENE, in ancient geography, a fountain of Mount Helicon, on the borders of Boeotia, sacred to the Muses. Ovid makes Hippocrene and Aganippe the same. See AGANIPPE.

HIPPOCREPIS, common horse-shoe vetch, in botany, a genus of the decandria order, and diadelphia class of plants: natural order thirtysecond, papilionacea. The legumen is compressed and crooked, with many incisions on the interior suture. There are five species; all low herbaceous trailing plants, with yellow flowers. They are propagated by seeds; but, having no great beauty, are seldom kept in gardens.

HIPPODROME, or HIPPODROMUS, from Gr. inоs, a horse, and popos, a course. In antiquity, a course wherein chariot and horse races were performed, and horses exercised. The Olympian hippodrome, or horse-course, was a space of ground 600 paces long, surrounded with a wall, near Elis, on the banks of the Alpheus. It was uneven, and in some degree irregular, on account of the situation; in one part was a hill of a moderate height, and the circuit was adorned with temples, altars, and other embellishments. See STADIUM. There is a famous hippodrome at Constantinople, which was begun by Alexander Severus, and finished by Constantine. The circus, called by the Turks atmeican, is 400 paces long, and above 100 paces wide. At the entrance there is a pyramidal obelisk of granite in one piece, about fifty feet high, terminating in a point, and charged with hieroglyphics. The Greek and Latin inscriptions on its base show that it was erected by Theodosius; the machines that were employed to raise it are represented upon it in basso-relievo. There are some vestiges in England of the hippodromus, in which the ancient inhabitants of this country performed their races; the most remarkable is that near Stonehenge, which is a long tract of ground, about

350 feet, or 200 Druid cubits wide, and more than a mile and three quarters, or 6000 Druid cubits, in length, enclosed quite round with a bank of earth, extending directly east and west. The goal and career are at the east end. The goal is a high bank of earth, raised with a slope inwards, on which the judges are supposed to have sat. The met are two tumuli, or small barrows, at the west end of the course. These hippodromes were called in the language of the country rhedagua, the racer rhedagwr, and the carriage rheda, from the British word rhedeg, 'to run. One of these hippodromes, about half a mile south of Leicester, retains evident traces of the old name rhedagua, in the corrupted one of Rawdikes. There is another, says Dr. Stukely, near Dorchester; another on the banks of the Lowther, near Penrith in Cumberland; and another in the valley, just without the town of Royston.

HIPPOGRIFF, n. s. Gr. Tos and yoo; Fr. hippogriffe. A winged horse; a being imagined by Ariosto.

He caught him up, and without wing
Of hippogriffe bore through the air sublime.

Milton.

HIPPOLYTE, (St.), a small town of France, in the department of Doubs, Franche Comté, the chief place of the canton, and about eighteen miles south of Montbelliard. It is a post-town, and contains about 3500 inhabitants. Its situation is very picturesque, in the bottom of a valley, surrounded with high mountains, at the confluence of the rivers Doubs and Desoubre. On arriving at this spot an agreeable prospect meets the eye; it wanders delighted over ridges of mountains, cultivated hills, and delightful valleys near the town, of which the point of the steeple is just seen peeping out from the foot of the mountain. The verdure of the hemp which is cultivated in the valley, the vines, which cover the hills even to the tops, the majestic gloom of the forests which extend over the most elevated of the mountains, and the black smoke issuing from the numerous forges, give an indescribable charm to this smiling and animated picture. Here are manufactures of clock-makers' tools, jewellery, and gravers; likewise of hats, pipes, and brass work; tan-houses, dye-houses, cheese factories, &c.; and in the neighbourhood are blast-furnaces, forges, and flatting-mills.

HIPPOLYTE, (St.), a handsome town of the department of the Gard, Languedoc, the chief place of the canton of Vigan. It has a tribunal of commerce, and a council of manufactures, and is a post-town, with 5500 inhabitants. It is pleasantly situated at the foot of the Cevennes Mountains, on the Vidourle, not far from the source of that river. A canal running through it furnishes several fountains with water, and works a great number of mills. This town is rendered remarkable from the circumstance, that an insult offered to a priest, who was carrying the host through it to a sick person, furnished a pretext for the revocation of the edict of Nantes, which involved so many thousands in banishment and ruin on account of their religious opinions. It has manufactories of silk and cotton stockings, woollen stuffs, and glue, and large

tan-yards; and carries on a commerce in fiuits and silk.

HIPPOLYTE, in fabulous history, a queen of the Amazons, who was conquered by Hercules, and married to Theseus: by whom she had HIPPOLYTUS, famous in fabulous history for his virtue and his misfortune. His stepmother Phædra fell in love with him, and when he refused to pollute his father's bed, she accused him to Theseus of offering violence to her person. Her accusation was readily believed, and Theseus entreated Neptune to punish the incontinence of his son. Hippolytus fled from the resentment of his father; and, as he pursued his way along the sea shores, his horses were so frightened at the noise of sea-calves which Neptune had purposely sent there, that they ran among the rocks till his chariot was broken, and his body torn to pieces. Temples were raised to his memory, particularly at Trazene, where he received divine honors. Diana is said to have restored him to life.

HIPPOMANE, the manchineel tree, a genus of the monadelphia order, and monœcia class of plants: natural order thirty-eighth, tricoccæ: MALE has an amentum and bifid perianthium, without any corolla: the FEMALE perianthium is trifid; there is no corolla; the stigma is tripartite; and the plum or capsule tricoccous. The species are,

1. H. biglandulosa, with oblong bay leaves, is a native of South America, and grows to as large a size as the mancinella, from which it differs mostly in the shape of its leaves.

2. H. mancinella, with oval sawed leaves, is a native of all the West India islands. It has a smooth brownish bark; the trunk divides upward into many branches, garnished with oblong leaves about three inches long. The flowers come out in short spikes at the end of the branches, but make no great appearance, and are succeeded by fruit of the same shape and size with a golden pippin. The tree grows to the size of a large oak. Strangers are often tempted to eat the fruit of this species; the consequences are, an inflammation of the mouth and throat, pains in the stomach, &c., which are very dangerous, unless remedies are speedily applied. The wood is much esteemed for making cabinets, book-cases, &c., being very durable, taking a fine polish, and not being liable to become worm-eaten: but, as the trees abound with a milky caustic juice, fires are made round their trunks, to burn out this juice; otherwise those who fell the trees would be in danger of losing their sight by the juice flying in their eyes. This juice raises blisters on the skin wherever it falls, turns linen black, and makes it fall out in holes. It is also dangerous to work the wood after it is sawn out; for, if any of the sawdust happens to get into the eyes of the workmen, it causes inflammation; to prevent which, they generally cover their faces with fine lawn during the time of working the wood. It is with the juice of this tree that the Indians poison their

arrows.

3. H. spinosa, with holly leaves, is a native of Campeachy, and seldom rises above twenty feet high; the leaves greatly resemble those of the

ermmon holly, and are set with sharp prickles at the end of each indenture. They are of a lucid green, and continue all the year. These plants, being natives of very warm climates, cannot be preserved in this country without a stove; nor can they by any means be made to rise above five or six feet high, even with that assistance. They are propagated by seeds; but must have very little moisture, or they will certainly be killed by it.-These trees have all a very poisonous quality, abounding with an acrid milky juice of a highly caustic nature.

HIPPOMANES, from innog, a horse, and uavia, madness, a sort of poison famous among the ancients as an ingredient in amorous philters, or love charms. Authors are not agreed about the nature of the hippomanes. At the end of Bayle's Dictionary is a very learned dissertation on the hippomanes, and all its virtues real and pretended.

HIPPONA, or EPONA, from inπos, a horse, in ancient mythology, the goddess of horses. See EPONA.

HIPPONAX, a Greek poet, born at Ephesus, A.A.C. 540. He cultivated the same satirical poetry as Archilochus, and was not inferior to him in the beauty and vigor of his lines. His satirical raillery obliged him to fly from Ephesus. As he was naturally deformed, two brothers, Buphalus and Anthermus, made a statue of him; which, by the ugliness of its features, exposed the poet to universal ridicule. Hipponax, resolving to revenge the injury, wrote such bitter invectives and satirical lampoons against them, that they hanged themselves in despair.

HIPPOPHAE, sea-buckthorn; a genus of the tetrandria order, and diccia class of plants; natural order sixteenth, calyciflora: MALE CAL. bipartite: COR. none: FEMALE CAL. blind: COR. none: there is one style, and a monospermous berry. The chief species are,

1. H. Canadensis, with a shrubby brown stem, branching eight or ten feet high, with oval leaves, and male and female flowers on different plants. 2. H. rhamnoides, with a shrubby stem, branching irregularly eight or ten feet high, having a dark brown bark. It is armed with a few thorns, and has spear-shaped, narrow, sessile leaves, of a dark green above, and hoary underneath. Both these species are very hardy, and may be propagated in abundance by suckers from the roots, by layers, and by cuttings of their young shoots. They are retained in gardens on account of their two-colored leaves in summer; and, in winter, on account of the appearance of the young shoots, which are covered with turgid, irregular, scaly buds. Goats, sheep, and horses, eat this species; cows refuse it.

HIPPOPHAGI, in ancient geography, a people of Scythia, so called from their living on horse-flesh; the fare at this day of the Tartars, their descendants. Also a people of Persia.

HIPPOPODES, or HIPPOPODIÆ, from inπoç, horse, and weg, a foot, in ancient geography, an appellation given to a certain people situated on the banks of the Scythian Sea, who were supposed to have had horses' feet. The Hippopodes are mentioned by Dionysius, Mela, Pliny, and St. Augustine. It is conjectured that they had this

appellation given them on account of their swiftness or lightness of foot. Mr. Pennant supposes them to have been the inhabitants of the Bothnian Gulf, and that they were the same sort of people as the Finni Lignipedes of Olaus. They wore snow shoes; which he thinks might fairly give the idea of their being, like horses, hoofed and shod.

HIPPOPOTAMUS, n. s. Gr. Tоg and Toraμoç. The river horse. An animal found in the Nile.

HIPPOPOTAMUS, the river horse, is a genus of quadrupeds belonging to the order of belluæ, the characters of which are these: They have four foreteeth in the upper jaw, disposed in pairs at a distance from each other; and four prominent fore-teeth in the under jaw, the intermediate ones being longest. There are two tusks in each jaw; those of the under one very long, and obliquely truncated; in both they stand solitary, and are recurvated. The feet are hoofed on the edges. There is but one known species, viz. the hippopotamus amphibius, or river horse. The head of this animal is of an enormous size, and the mouth vastly wide. The ears are small and pointed, and lined within very thickly with short fine hairs. The eyes and nostrils are small in proportion to the bulk of the animal. On the lips are some strong hairs scattered in patches. The hair on the body is very thin, of a whitish color, and scarcely discernible at first sight. There is no mane on the neck, as some writers assert, only the hairs on that part are rather thicker. The skin is very thick and strong, and of a dusky color. The tail is about a foot long, taper, compressed, and naked. The hoofs are divided into four parts. The legs are short and thick. In bulk it is second only to the elephant. The length of a male has been found to be seventeen feet, the circumference of the body fifteen, the height nearly seven, the legs nearly three, the head above three and a half, and the girth nearly nine. The mouth, when open, is above two feet wide; and furnished with fortyfour teeth of different figures (including the cutting teeth and the canine). The cutting, and particularly the canine teeth of the lower jaw, are very long, and so hard and strong that they strike fire with steel. This circumstance, it is probable, gave rise to the fable of the ancients, that the hippopotamus vomited fire from his mouth. The substance of the canine teeth is so white, so fine, and so hard, that it is preferable to ivory for making artificial teeth. The cutting teeth, especially those of the under jaw, are very long, cylindrical, and chamfered. The canine teeth are also long, crooked, prismatic, and sharp, like the tusks of the wild boar. The grinders are square or oblong, like those of man, and so large that a single tooth sometimes weighs three pounds. The tusks, according to Dr. Sparman, are twenty-seven inches long. With such powerful arms, and such a prodigious strength of body, the hippopotamus might render himself formidable to every other animal. But he is naturally of a mild disposition, and is only formidable when provoked. His bulk is so great, that twelve oxen have been found necessary to draw one ashore, which had been shot in a river above