murdered or robbed, come to the constable of the next town, and require him to raise hue-andcry, or to pursue the offender, describing him, and showing, as near as he can, which way he is gone, the constable is forthwith to call for aid from the parish to seek the felon; and, if he is not found there, he is to give the next constable warning, till he be apprehended, or pursued to the sea-side.

And, that such hue-and-cry may more effectually be made, the hundred is bound by the same statute, cap. 3, to answer for all robberies therein committed, unless they take the felon, which is the foundation of an action against the hundred, in case of any loss by robbery. By stat. 27 Eliz. cap. 13, no hue-and-cry is sufficient, unless inade with both horsemen and footmen. And, by stat. 8, Geo. II. cap. 16, the constable or like officer refusing or neglecting to make hue-and-cry, forfeits £5, and the whole district is still in strictness liable to be amerced, according to the law of Alfred, if any felony be committed therein, and the felon escape. Hueand-cry may be raised either by precept of a justice of a peace, or by a peace-officer, or by any private man that knows of a felony.

HUEN, or HUENA, an island in the Baltic, with a village, three miles from the coast of Sweden, eight in circumference, and fourteen north by east of Copenhagen; famous for Tycho Brahe's observatory. See BRAHE.

HUER, a name given to certain fountains in Iceland, forming at times jets d'eau of scalding water arising out of cylindrical tubes of unknown depths. The largest is that which is called Geyer or Geyser, in a plain rising into small hills, and in the midst of an amphitheatre, bounded by the most magnificent and variousshaped icy mountains; among which the threeheaded Hecla soars pre-eminent. Of this, as exemplifying the general appearance of these tremendous fountains, we extract the following description from the Travels of Dr. Henderson. 'On our approach, the first thing we observed, says the doctor, was a large circular mound, formed of the decompositions of the fountain, justly distinguished by the appellation of the Great Geyser, from the middle of which a great degree of evaporation was visible. Ascending the rampart we had the spacious basin at our feet, more than half filled with the most beautiful hot crystalline water, which was just moved by a gentle ebullition, occasioned by the escape of steam from a cylindrical pipe or funnel in the centre. This pipe I ascertained, by admeasurement, to be seventy-eight feet in perpendicular depth. Its diameter is in general from eight to ten feet, but near the mouth it gradually widens, and opens almost imperceptibly with the basin, the inside of which exhibits a whitish surface, consisting of a siliceous incrustation, which has been rendered almost perfectly smooth by the incessant action of boiling water. The diameter of the basin is fifty-six feet in one direction, and forty-six in another; and, when full, it measures about four feet in depth, from the surface of the water to the commencement of the pipe. The borders of the basin, which form the highest part of the mound, are very irregular, owing to

the various accretions of the deposite substances; and at two places are small channels equally polished with the interior of the basin, through which the water makes its escape when it has been filled to the margin. The declivity of the mound is rapid at first, especially on the north-west side, but instantly begins to slope more gradually, and the depositions are spread all around to different distances, the least of which is nearly 100 feet. On leaving the mound, the hot water passes through a turfy kind of soil, and, by acting on the peat, mosses, and grass, converts them entirely into stone, and furnishes the curious traveller with some of the finest specimens of petrifaction.

'On hearing a sound resembling the discharge of distant artillery,' continues our author, I ran to the mound, which shook violently under my feet, and I had scarcely time to look into the basin, when the fountain exploded, and instantly compelled me to retire to a respectful distance on the windward side. The water rushed up out of the pipe with amazing velocity, and was projected by irregular jets into the atmosphere, surrounded by immense volumes of steam, which, in a great measure, hid the column from the view. The first four or five jets were inconsiderable, not exceeding sixteen or twenty feet in height. These were followed by one about fifty feet; which was succeeded by two or three, considerably lower; after which came the last, exceeding all the rest in splendor, which rose at least to the height of seventy feet. The large stones which we had previously thrown into the pipe were ejected to a great height, especially one, which was thrown much higher than the water. On the propulsion of the jets they lifted up the water in the basin nearest to the orifice of the pipe to the height of a foot, or a foot and a half, and on the falling of the column it not only caused the basin to overflow at the usual channel, but forced the water over the highest part of the brim, behind which I was standing, the great body of the column (at least ten feet in diameter), rose perpendicularly, but divided into a number of the most superb curvated ramifications; and several smaller spoutings were severed from it, and projected in oblique directions, to the no small danger of the spectator, who is apt to get scalded, ere he is aware, by the falling of the jet. On the cessation of the eruption, the water instantly sunk, but rose again directly to about half a foot above the orifice, where it remained stationary at the temperature of 183° of Fahrenheit. This fountain has, however, by other travellers been observed to throw its water to the amazing height of 360 feet.' Dr. H. observed the Stocker, another of these huers, form a jet of 200 feet. These huers rise in the very sea, and form scalding fountains amidst the waves. Their distance from land is unknown; but the new volcanic isle, twelve miles off Reickenes, proves that the subterraneous fires and waters extend to that distance.

HUESCA, an old fortified town in the north of Arragon, in Spain, situated in a plain on the Isuela. Its works have gone into ruins, but it is still a bishop's see, has a university, two large schools, a cathedral, and 6800 inhabitants, with

HUGHES, (John), an English poet, born in 1677. In the earliest parts of his youth he cultivated poetry and music, in both of which he made great progress. Lord chancellor Cowper made him secretary for the commissioners of the peace, which he held till 1719, when he died on the same night in which his tragedy of The then forty-two. Siege of Damascus was first acted. He was He translated Fontenelle's Dialogues of the Dead, Vertot's revolutions of Portugal, and the letters of Abelard and Eloisa. He gave a very accurate edition of Spenser' works, with his life, glossary, and remarks, and wrote several papers in the Spectator, Tatler, and Guardian.

HUGHES (Jabez), younger brother of the preceding, was born in 1685. He published, in 1714, a translation of Claudian's Rape of Proserpine, and Lucan's Sextus and Erictho: also Suetonius's twelve Cæsars, and some of Cervan tes's novels. He died in 1731.

naturalist, minister of Lacy's parish, in the HUGHES (Griffith), Rev. F. R. S., an English island of Barbadoes, circulated in 1749 proposals for publishing the natural history of that island. He appears to have been highly esteemed by Dr. Stephen Hales, and other men of science in England. The work appeared in 1750, in a folio volume, in ten books, with twenty-four engravings; and it was republished, with a larger number of plates, in 1760. This production contains a good account of the zoophytes, which here grow on the rocks by the sea side. Mr. Hughes also published a paper in the Philosophical Transactions on this subject.

HUGONIA, in botany, a genus of the decandria order and monadelphia class of plants; natural order malvaceæ.-Jussieu : COR. pentapetalous: fruit a plum with a striated kernel. Species three, tropical plants.

derivation.

HUGONOTS, or HUGUENOTS, an appellation given to the Reformed Churches, or Protestants of France. The name had its first rise in 1560; but authors are not agreed as to its origin. One of the two following seems to be the least forced One of the gates of the city of Tours is called the gate Fourgon, by corruption from feu Hugon, i. e. the late Hugon. This Hugon was once count of Tours. Davila and others pretend, that the nickname of Huguenots was first given to the French Protestants, because they used to meet in the night-time in subterraneous vaults near this gate of Hugon; and what seems to countenance this opinion is, that they were first called Huguenots at Tours. Others say that the leaguers gave this name to the reformed, because they were for keeping the crown in the royal line of Hugh Capet; whereas the leaguers were for giving it to the house of Guise, as descended from Charlemagne. Others derive it from a faulty French pronunciation of the German word eidgnosser, signifying confederates, tizens of Geneva, who entered into an alliance originally applied to that valiant part of the ciwith the Swiss cantons, to main their liberties against the tyrannical attempts of Charles III. duke of Savoy. These confederates were called Eignots, whence Huguenots. The persecution

which the Huguenots underwent has scarcely its parallel in civil or ecclesiastical history: though they obtained a peace from Henry III. in 1576, it was of short continuance; and their sufferings, mitigated by the famous edict of Nantes, granted to them in 1598 by Henry IV., were again renewed, after the revocation of this edict, by Louis XIV. in 1685. See FRANCE.

HUKE, n. s. Fr. huque; Belg. huik. A cloak. As we were thus in conference, there came one that

seemed to be a messenger, in a rich huke. Bacon's New Atlantis. HULK, n. s. & v. a. Sax. pulc; Dut. hulcke; Teut. and Swed. holk. The body of a ship; any thing bulky or unwieldy: hulk, to exenterate, as to hulk a hare, that is, to take out its viscera. And Harry Monmouth's brawn, the hulk Sir John, Is prisoner to your son. Shakspeare.

There's a whole merchant's venture of Bourdeaux

stuff in him: you have not seen a hulk better stuffed

in the hold.

Id.

The custom of giving the colour of the sea to the hulks, sails, and mariners of their fly-boats, to keep them from being discovered, came from the Veneti. Arbuthnot.

They Argo's hulk will tax,
And scrape her pitchy sides for wax. Swift.
The sooty hulk
Steered sluggish on.

Thomson.
Ah grievance sore, and listless dull delay,
To waste on sluggish hulks the sweetest breeze!
Byron. Childe Harold.

A HULK is an old ship of war, fitted with an apparatus, to fix or take out the masts of the king's ships, as occasion requires. The mast is extremely high, and properly strengthened by shrouds and stays, to secure the sheers, which serve, as the arm of a crane, to hoist out or in the masts of any ship lying alongside. These sheers are composed of several long masts, whose heels rest upon the side of the hulk, and having their heads declining outward from the perpendicular, so as to hang over the vessel whose masts are to be fixed or displaced. The tackles, which extend from the head of the mast to the sheer-heads, are intended to pull in the latter towards the mast-head, particularly when they are charged with the weight of a mast after it is raised out of any ship, which is performed by strong tackles depending from the sheer-heads. The effect of these tackles is produced by two capsterns, fixed on the deck for this purpose. HULL, n. s. & v. n. Į Goth. hulga; Belg. hue; HULLY, adj. Scot. hule. The husk or integument; the outer covering; the body of a ship: it is now confounded with hulk, otherwise it properly signifies the mere skeleton of a vessel. The verb signifies to float; to drive to and fro without sails or rudder: hully is husky.

you

Will hoist sail, sir? here lies your way. -No, good swabber, I am to hull here a little longer. Shakspeare.

He looked, and saw the ark hull on the flood. Milton, They saw a sight full of piteous strangeness; a ship, or rather the carcase of a ship, or rather some few bones of the carcase, hulling there, part broken, part burned, and part drowned. Sidney.

Deep in their hulls our deadly bullets light, And through the yielding planks a passage find. Dryden.

People walking down upon the shore, saw somewhat come hulling toward them. L'Estrange.

So many arts hath the Divine Wisdom put together, only for the hull and tackle of a thinking creature. Grew.

The tree will wither long before its fall; The hull drives on, though mast and sail be torn. Byron. Childe Harold.

HULL, or Kingston upon Hull, a borough, sea-port, and market town of the East Riding of Yorkshire, thirty-six miles south-east of York, and 170 from London, situate at the conflux of the Hull and Humber. The town is large and populous, containing two churches, several meeting houses, a free school, a charity school, and some hospitals. Among the latter is one called Trinity House, in which are maintained many distressed seamen, both of Hull and other places, that are members of its port. It is governed by twelve elder brethren and six assistants; and out of the former are chosen annually two wardens, and out of the younger brethren two stewards; and these have authority to determine questions between masters and seamen. A handsome infirmary is erected without the town to the north. Here are also an exchange and a custom-house, and over the Hull a stone bridge, consisting of fourteen arches. A good harbour was made here by Richard II. This town has not only the most considerable inland traffic of any port in the north of England, but a foreign trade superior to any in the kingdom, excepting the ports of London, Bristol, Liverpool, and Yarmouth. By means of the many large rivers that fall into the Humber, it trades to almost every part of Yorkshire, as well as to Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire, Staffordshire, Derbyshire, and Cheshire; the commodities of which counties are brought hither, and exported to Holland, Hamburgh, France, Spain, the Baltic, and other parts of Europe. In return for those, are imported iron, copper, hemp, flax, canvas, Russia linen and yarn, besides wine, oil, fruit, and other articles. Quantities of corn are also brought hither by the navigable rivers. The trade of Hull with London, particularly for corn, lead, and butter, and with Holland and France, for those commodities, as well as for cloth, kerseys, and other manufactures of Yorkshire, is very considerable. But in the town itself there are no manufactures of any consequence, except several oil-mills in the neighbourhood worked by steam, and such as are attached to the marine for rope, tar, blockmaking, &c. This town returns two members to parliament, the right of election being in the burgesses, which right is held either by the sons of burgesses, or by having served seven years' apprenticeship to a freeman, by purchase, or from donation for public service. The entire civil authority over the town, and what is denominated the county, a district of more than eighteen miles in circumference, is, by various VII. and king Charles II., vested in the corporaroyal charters, particularly those of king Henry tion, which consists of the mayor, the recorder, twelve aldermen, the sheriff, two chamberlains, a town clerk, a water-bailiff, and other officers, besides a high steward, who is generally some nobleman of rank. The mayor is admiral of the

Ilumber, and possessed of the power of life and death over criminals within his jurisdiction. The mayor of Hull has two swords, one given by king Richard II. the other by Henry VIII. but only one is borne before him at a time; also a cap of maintenance, ar.d an oar of lignum vitæ, as a badge of his admiralty jurisdiction within the limits of the Humber.

HULME (Nathaniel), F. R. S. and F. A.S., was a native of Yorkshire, and served an apprenticeship to an apothecary. He was afterwards a surgeon in the navy; and on the peace of 1763 became a student of medicine at Edinburgh, where he graduated as M.D. in 1765. He settled in London, and at first devoted his attention to midwifery; but in 1775 was, through the influence of lord Sandwich, elected physician to the Charter-house, which situation he retained till his death, in April, 1807, at the age of seventyfive. In 1800 he published, in the Philosophical Transactions, an account of a series of experiments on light spontaneously emitted. Some other papers, and several medical tracts, also proceeded from his pen. Among the latter are a treatise on a Puerperal Fever, and another on the Stone and Scurvy, which were translated into German.

HUL'VER, n. s. Holly.

This herber was all full of floures gendes ;
Into the whiche as I beholde began-
Betwixt an hulfere and a wodè bende,
As I was ware-I saw where laic a man

In blacke. Chaucer. Complaint of Blacke Knight.
Save hulver and thorn, thereof flail for to make.

HUM, v. a., n. s. & interj. HUM'-BIRD, n. s. HUM'DRUM, adj. HUMMER, n. s.

Tusser. Goth, and Swed. hum; Dut. homelan. To make the noise of bees; to make an inarticulate and buzzing sound; to pause in speaking with an audible emission of breath; to make a dull heavy noise; to sing low; to applaud, because approbation in public assemblies was formerly expressed by a hum. In Hudibras it appears to be used for ham. The interjection is an expression of doubt or deliberation : humbird, the humming bird: hum-drum, dull; dronish; stupid: hummer, an applauder.

And never hummed and hawed sedition,
Nor snuffled treason.

And though his countrymen the Huns,
Did stew their meat between their hums,
And the horses' backs, on which they straddle,
And every man eat up his saddle.

Id.

Id.

Id.

All ages have conceived the wren the least of birds, yet our own plantations have shewed one far less; that is, the humbird, not much exceeding a beetle. Browne. One theatre there is of vast resort,

Which whilom of requests was called the court; But now the great exchange of news 'tis hight, And full of hum and buz from noon 'till night. Dryden. rent: hum and ha will not do the business. Your excuses want some grains to make 'em curId. An airy nation flew,

Thick as the humming bees that hunt the golden dew In Summer's heat.

Id.

So weary bees in little cells repose; But if night-1obbers lift the well-stored hive, An humming through their waxen city grows. Id. The man lay humming and hawing a good while; but, in the end, he gave up himself to the physicians.

You hear a hum in the right place.

L'Estrange. Spectator.

I was talking with an old humdrum fellow, and, before I had heard his story out, was called away by business. Addison.

And oh the little warlike world within!
The well-reeved guns, the netted canopy,
The hoarse command, the busy humming din,
When, at a word, the tops are manned on high.

Byron. Childe Harold. HU'MAN, adj. Fr. humain; Lat. huHUMANE', adj. manus. Having the qualiHUMANE LY, adv. ties of man as contradisHUMANIST, n. s. tinguished from brutes; HUMANITY, n. S. belonging to man: huHU MANISE, V. a. mane, kind; civil; beHUMAN-KIND, n. s. nevolent; good-natured: HU'MANLY, adv. humanist, a philologer; a grammarian: humanity, the nature and feelings of man; the collective body of mankind: grammatical studies are called litera humaniores, perhaps because they conduce to enlighten the mind and polish the manners: humanly, after the notions, and according to the power, of men; kindly; but this more properly belongs to humanity.

O noble Markis! your humanitee
Assureth us, and yeveth us hardiuesse
As oft as time is of necessitce,

That we to you now tell our hevinesse.

Chaucer. The Clerkes Tale.

The king is but a man as I am: the violet smells to him as it doth to me; all his senses have but human conditions. Shakspeare.

If they would yield us the superfluity, while it were wholesome, we might guess they relieved us humanely.

Ia.

2 G