PREFACE.

THIS book is in great measure the outcome of several years of attempts to teach Latin Prose alike to low and high forms. As the method followed and the idea on which such method is based are practically new, a few words of explanation are necessary. In order to avoid

the jumble of various styles and idioms which boys lamely reproduce from vague recollections of different authors, and at the same time in order to give them a sound vocabulary of good Latin, one author has been selected and his phrases and usages alone given. The reasons for the selection of Cæsar are- —(1) that every boy reads (though he rarely remembers) Cæsar; (2) that his plain, terse style and excellent Latinity are known to all scholars; (3) that (in the author's opinion) he admits of close and not difficult imitation. Thus the object in view is to teach Latin Prose from a trustworthy Latin author, and to abolish the hybrid phraseology of English-Latin dictionaries. One of the great difficulties which meet boys is a want of Latin vocabulary and phrases; this want is here to some extent supplied, and it is recommended that boys should learn such phrases by heart. These phrases are classified under various heads, and are constantly referred to in

the exercises. have in most cases been practically tested. Help is given at the foot of each passage, and a vocabulary of words not perhaps found in the Phrases is also subjoined to each exercise. The character of the passages set for translation is necessarily descriptive and historical, but this style is not ill suited to all but the most advanced boys. In addition to the Phrases will be found a large amount of grammar, and on some questions notes have been given which would belong more properly to a work on grammar. But if boys are to write Latin in Cæsar's style they must be well acquainted with his way of using Cases, Prepositions, Conjunctions, etc. Moreover, another purpose may possibly be servedthat of furthering grammatical knowledge by a classification of the uses of each author. Throughout this part of the work the author has received great assistance from Professor Kennedy's Public School Latin Grammar, also from Mr. Roby's work on that subject. He has also to acknowledge his obligations to the excellent index and text of Holder's edition of Cæsar's Commentaries on the Gallic War. For many reasons Cæsar's Commentaries on the Civil War have not been used. For the many imperfections of his own work the author is solely responsible.

The exercises increase in difficulty, and

Just before going to press it has been pointed out that in many cases the orthography is not always correct. Where possible, the author has corrected mistakes, and trusts that on a future occasion he may be able to follow the newest guides on this point.

LATIN PROSE EXERCISES

BASED UPON

CAESAR'S GALLIC WAR.

MILITARY PHRASES.

Bellum facere alicui

inferre alicui

gerere cum aliquo

A

to make war upon—or,

wage war against

some one.

conficere to put an end to a war, to conclude a

war.

ducere to protract a war.

renovare to renew a war.

parare to make preparations for war.

administrare-to conduct a war.

suscipere-to undertake a war.

bello præficere aliquem-to entrust a man with the con

duct of the war.

bellum augetur-the war spreads.

B. L. P.

ཝཱ

B

summam imperii bellique administrandi alicui permittere— to entrust a man with the absolute command and conduct of the war. Cf. totius belli summam ad aliquem deferre-to make commander-in-chief. summæ diligentiæ summam imperii severitatem addere-to combine as commander-in-chief the greatest strictness with the greatest care.

bellum defendere non inferre—to act on the defensive, not offensive.

ratio atque usus belli-the art and practice of war; or, the practice of a military system.

belli gloria-renown in war.

suspicio-hint or suspicion of war.

bello abesse to take no part in a war.

bellum sustentare-to bear the brunt of war. Cf. belli casum sustinere.

bello lacessere aliquem—to assail, attack.

persequi-to harry with war, dog the steps of a man. obstare alicui—to oppose in war.

premere aliquem-to crush in war.

bellum ad civitatem transferre—to make a state the theatre of war.

bello occurrere-to have to face a war.

ad aliquem totius belli summam deferre—to give a man charge of the whole war.

totius belli imperium sibi postulare-to lay claim to the command of the whole war.

de bello cogitare or consultare—to form warlike plans. Cf. de bello consilia inire-to adopt warlike measures. totus et mente et animo in bellum insistere-to turn one's whole attention to war. Cf. in bellum incumbere.

belli initium facere-to begin hostilities.