navigationem hiemi subjicere-to expose a voyage to winter, ie. to run the risk of sailing in the winter. tot navigationibus-during so many voyages. navigandi insuetus-unaccustomed to sailing. navigia vectoria graviaque-heavy transport vessels. navigia speculatioria-spy-boats, vessels of reconnaissance. remis contendere-to row hard. navigium incitare-to row a boat hard. remigandi labore non intermisso—without stopping rowing. in alto-in deep water. Opp. to in arido-on dry land. in altum provehi-to put out to sea. in magno impetu maris atque aperto-in the mighty rush of open sea. Cf. in vastissimo atque apertissimo Oceano. mare conclusum—a sea-loch (land-locked sea). litus molle atque apertum—a sandy and exposed beach. continentem petere—to make for the mainland or continent. sub sinistra terram conspicere-to sight land close on the leeside, or close to leeward. tanta malacia ac tranquillitas exstitit—such a dead calm arose. nocte adversa (abl. abs.)-as the night was foul. scientia atque usu nauticarum rerum reliquos antecedere -to excel all others in nautical science and experience. ut postulant res maritimæ. - in accordance with the requirements of seamanship. remiges nautas gubernatores comparare-to get rowers, sailors, pilots. æquinoctium suberat or propinqua erat dies æquinoctii-the equinox was close at hand. GEOGRAPHICAL PHRASES. In septentrionem et orientem solem spectare-to face north east. ad septentriones vergere-to trend or turn northward. in orientem solem spectare—to face east. inter occasum solis et septentriones spectare—to face north west. ad meridiem spectare—to face south. ad Hispaniam atque occidentem solem vergere—to turn towards Spain and the west. latus est contra septentriones-the side faces north. pertinere ad-to stretch to (also used absol.) Cf. hoc latus pertinet circiter millia passuum quingenta. longe introrsus pertinere-to stretch far inland. a septentrionibus esse-to be on the north side. hæc regio totius Galliæ media habetur—this district is considered the centre of all Gaul. oriri ab a} | finibus—to start from the territory, begin initium capere as at. (Used of forests, nations, etc.) sub septentrionibus poni-to be situated due north. pedibus aditum habere-to be accessible by land. pedestria itinera-land-routes. iter expeditum-an easy route. Opp. to difficile. terra Gallia-the country of Gaul. agri-the fields, i.e. the country. lacus Lemannus-the lake of Geneva. Helvetius ager-Switzerland. Arduenna silva-the forest of Ardennes. ager optimus totius Gallia-the best land in all Gaul. terræ (in plur.)—the world. Cf. nemo in terris—no one in the world. vicinitates the neighbourhood, i.e. those dwelling near. Cf. loca vicinitatibus nota. maritima pars or ora―the seaboard, coast; littoral. interior pars-the interior. plerique interiores-most of those living inland. cui parti nulla est objecta terra—on which side no land lies facing it (Britain). initium Remorum—the point where the country of the Remi begins ad initium pertinere. Obs.-Galli, Britanni, etc., are often used for Gallia, Britannia. mediterranea regiones-inland districts. agri fertilissima regio-a most fertile spot. Cf. loci fertilitas-the fertility of the country; agri feracesfruitful lands. proximi-those living on the border-land. Opp. to interiores. rerum transmarinarum notitia—knowledge of matters across the sea. ultimæ nationes-the most remote tribes. alienissimi-perfect strangers. rex dimidiæ partis Eburonum-king over half the country of the Eburones. propinquitates silvarum atque fluminum petere—the neigh bourhood of forests and rivers, i.e. to live near them. in valle poni-to be situated in a valley. Opp. to in monte poni. prope ex omnibus partibus flumine et palude circumdari or cingi-to be surrounded almost on all sides by a river and morass. ex omnibus in circuitu partibus altissimas rupes despectusque habere-to command the country by a ring of very steep rocks on every side. flumen ut circino circumductum pæne totum oppidum cingit -the river, as though described by a pair of compasses, almost surrounds the whole town. castra ex Biturigibus movet in Arvernos versus-he moves his camp from the state of the Bituriges towards that of the Arverni. Cf. ad Oceanum versus proficisci to march towards the sea.-N. B. Inversus is probably separated by tmesis. penitus ad extremos fines se recipere-to retire right to the extreme border of their territory. vallis abdita—a hidden valley. saltus (plur.)-(1) jungly or wooded country; (2) ravines, passes. angustia-defiles, passes. anfractus-a tortuous road (si nullus anfractus intercederet). possessiones-property, estates. Cf. fortunæ. domo emigrare-to emigrate. terram incolere-to inhabit a country. nihil privati ac separati agri- no separate private land. vacare to lie unoccupied (of lands). agricultura aliquem prohibere-to hinder a man from agriculture. agriculturæ studere-to pay attention to agriculture. itinera-routes, mountain-passes. dux itinerum-a guide over or for the routes or passes. solitudines-desert places, uninhabited tracts of land. itinerum mensuras novisse-to know how to measure distance. murum fossamque perducere—to carry a wall and trench (from one place to another). oppidi murus ab planitie recta regione mille passus aberat -the wall of the town was a mile from the plain in a straight line. campi aperti-open stretch of plain. natura loci contineri-to be hemmed in by the natural position. confidere-to trust in the natural position. loci iniquitas-the unfavourable character of the ground. Opp. to loci opportunitas. Cf. locus æquus or iniquus; locus opportunus. locus castrorum erat editus et paullatim ab imo acclivis— the camp's position was on rising ground which sloped up gradually from the base. locus egregie et natura et arte or manu munitus-a position of great natural and artificial strength. locus declivis or præceps-steep or sloping ground. loci fiducia-confidence in the strength of a position; or, inspired by the position. loci præsidio fretus esse-to rely on the strength of a position. superiora loca-the heights; higher ground. Also locus |