Paper Money: Silver certificates and gold certificates. United States notes (greenbacks). National bank notes. Treasury notes (not now issued but still in circulation). 91. Canadian money is the legal currency of Canada. NOTE. Canada also issues subsidiary coins, the silver 5 piece, 10¢ piece, 20 piece, 25 piece, and 50 piece. 92. The unit of English money is the pound sterling; its value in United States money is $4.8665. 93. The unit of French money is the franc; its value in United States money is $.193. 94. The unit of German money is the mark; its value in United States money is $.238. 95. There are three kinds of weights used in the United States: Commercial, Troy, and Apothecaries'. 96. Commercial or avoirdupois weight is used for all commercial weighing, except for weighing precious stones. NOTES. 1.. The long ton is used in United States customhouses, and in wholesale transactions in coal and iron. 2. The commercial pound contains 7000 Troy grains. COMMERCIAL TABLE Showing pounds per bushel of various products, with exceptions. 97. Gross weight is the total weight of the goods and the containing package, commonly called container. 98. Net weight is the weight of the goods alone. 99. Tare is the allowance made for the weight of the containing package. 100. Troy weight is used in weighing diamonds, gold, silver, and other precious minerals. NOTES. 1. The carat used in weighing diamonds is equal to 3.168 grains. carat is also used to denote the fineness of gold, and Gold 18 K. (carats) fine is pure. 101. Apothecaries' weight is used by druggists and physicians in compounding and prescribing medicines. NOTE. Drugs, medicines, and chemicals are bought and sold at wholesale by commercial weight. TABLE 20 grains (gr. xx) = 1 scruple (sc. or 9) 12 ounces (xij) = 1 pound (†₺ or #) NOTES. 1. In writing quantities in apothecaries' weight, the characters denoting denominations precede the figures, except in pounds. The quantities are usually expressed in Roman characters. 2. Fractions of a pound are generally used instead of ounces. LONG MEASURE 102. The statute mile of 5280 feet is the legal mile in the United States and England. 103. The inch and yard for common use are divided into halves, quarters, eighths, and sixteenths. At the United States customhouses they are divided into tenths, hundredths, etc. NOTES. 1. Dimensions are written: first, length; then, width; then, height or thickness. 2. The following abbreviations are used: a room 18 ft. long, 14 ft. wide, and 8 ft. 3 in. high may be written: a room 18' × 14′ × 8' 3''. 104. Surveyors' long measure is used in measuring the dimensions of land, etc. NOTES. 1. The unit of measure is the Gunter's Chain, which is 4 rods, or 66 feet, long, divided into 100 links. 2. In measuring roads, etc., a tape or chain 100 feet long is used, each foot divided into tenths and hundredths. 105. Square measure is used in measuring the areas of surfaces, as land, boards, plastering, etc. NOTES. 1. The area of a surface is found by multiplying the length by the breadth. 2. Paving, painting, etc., are estimated by the square of 100 square feet. TABLE 144 square inches (sq. in.) = 1 square foot (sq. ft.) 9 square feet 30 square yards 160 square rods 640 acres GOVERNMENT LAND MEASURE 106. The public lands are surveyed by selecting a north and south line called a principal meridian, and an intersecting east and west line called a base line. 107. Range lines are lines running north and south on each side of the principal meridian, at intervals of 6 miles. The strips into which the land is thus divided are called ranges. |