EXERCISE 2 Write in figures: 1. Four thousand, eight hundred twenty-seven. 3. Sixty-eight thousand, four hundred fifty-two. 6. Eighty-seven thousand, one hundred one. 9. Eighteen thousand, eighteen. 14. Seventy-three thousand, one. 15. Six hundred four thousand, two hundred one. 16. One hundred sixty-three thousand, ten. 17. One hundred one thousand, three hundred. 18. One hundred thousand, seven. 19. Four hundred ten thousand, one hundred twenty seven. 20. Five hundred four thousand, three hundred eight. 21. Five hundred thousand, eleven. 22. Six hundred thousand, seventeen. 23. Nine hundred ninety thousand, fifteen. 24. Two hundred one thousand, one. 25. Seventy-two thousand, four. DECIMALS NOTE. Pupils should draw and measure distances such as 9.3 centimeters, 2.87 inches. The law pervading the decimal system of notation is the value of a digit in any place is always ten times the value of the same digit written in the next place to the right. A familiar illustration of this law is the notation of United States money. For example, $5.55. The 5 on the left is ten times the value of the second 5, and the second 5 is ten times the value of the 5 on the right. The period separating dollars and cents is called the decimal point. The first place to the right of the decimal point is called the tenths' place; the second place, the hundredths' place; the third place, the thousandths' place; the fourth place, the ten-thousandths' place; the fifth place, the hundred-thousandths' place; the sixth place, the millionths' place. READING DECIMALS Since .474 tenths 7 hundredths=10+100-100. Since .372 3 tenths 7 hundredths 2 thousandths +100+1000 sandths. = = Therefore, .372 is read 372 thou In general a decimal is read by regarding it as a whole number and adding the name of the place the right-hand digit occupies. In reading decimals and should not be used except to connect the integral and decimal parts of the number. For example, 500.005 is read five hundred and five thousandths. .505 is read five hundred five thousandths. 8.0379 is read eight and three hundred seventy-nine ten-thousandths. .8379 is read eight thousand three hundred seventy-nine ten-thousandths. 5. Two hundred three thousandths. 6. Seven hundred and four thousandths. 7. Nine hundred three thousandths. 8. Nine hundred and three thousandths. 9. Six thousand seven hundred ten-thousandths. 10. Six thousand seven hundred and one ten-thousandth. 11. Five hundred ninety ten-thousandths. 12. Five hundred and ninety ten-thousandths. 13. Six thousand one ten-thousandths. 14. Seven hundred ten-thousandths. 15. Seven hundred ten thousandths. 16. Five hundred thousandths. 17. Five hundred-thousandths. 18. Two hundred seven hundred-thousandths. 19. Two hundred and seven hundred-thousandths. 20. Five thousand two hundred two hundred-thousandths. 21. Six thousand four hundred-thousandths. 22. Three thousand ten thousandths. 23. Three thousand one ten-thousandths. ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION The result of combining two or more numbers into a single number is called the sum. Addition is the process of finding the sum of two or more numbers. Only numbers of the same kind can be added. The symbol for addition is +, and it is read plus. = The symbol is read equal, or equals; thus, 5 + 8 = 13 is read five plus eight equal thirteen. The difference between two numbers is the excess of one over the other. Subtraction is the process of finding the difference between two numbers. The number subtracted is the subtrahend. The num ber from which the subtrahend is taken is the minuend. The result of subtraction is called the remainder, or difference. The sign of subtraction is and is read minus. 8–5 = 3 is read eight minus five equals three. ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE. From 913 take 537. Thus, 7 from 13 leaves 6; 3 from 10 leaves 7; 5 from 8 leaves 3. This is the usual explanation given by teachers. When a figure in the subtrahend cannot be taken from the corresponding figure in the minuend, a unit of the next higher order in the minuend is changed to ten units and then added to the figure in the minuend. A better way of subtracting is: 7 and 6 are 13. Write 6, carry 1. 1 and 3 are 4; 4 and 7 are 11. Write 7, carry 1. 1 and 5 are 6; 6 and 3 are 9. Write 3. EXERCISE 4 The following table gives the number of children of school age, number enrolled, average daily attendance, and total expenditures for the public schools by states and territories for the school year 1904 : |