Note 6.--To reduce dollars, or dollars and cents, to pounds Pennsylvania currency, reduce them first to cents, then reduce those cents to pence, and then reduce those pence to pounds. 36. Reduce $68.30 to pounds. 37. Bring $450 to pounds 6830 12)614710 45000 9 12)4050010 20)512 8 Result 25L. 12s. 3d. 38 Reduce 125 dollars to pounds. 2|0)337|5 Result 1681. 15s. Facit 461, 17s. 6d. Result 273L. Note 7-To reduce pounds sterling to Federal Money, bring them to sixpences, or to pence, and to these annex two cyphers; then, if sixpences, divide by 9, but if pence divide by 54, and the quotient will be cents, which reduce to dollars. 42, Reduce 230L. 15s. 6d. sterling to Federal Money. 230L. 15s. 6d. 20 4615 2 9)923100 Result $1025.661+ 49 Reduce 218L. 19s. 6d. sterling to Federal Money. Facit $973.22+ 44. Bring 25L. sterling to Federal Money. Result $111.11+ 45. Bring 437L. 18s. sterling to Federal Money. Facit 1946 dols. 22 cis. Note 8.-A general rule to change the currency of each of the States to Federal Money. Reduce the given sum to shillings, or to sixpences, or to pence, and to these annex two cyphers; then divide by the number of shillings, sixpences, or pence in a dollar, as it passes in each State: the quotient will be cents. (For the value of a dollar, see the table at page 66.) 46. Reduce 63L. 15s. New-England or Virginia currency, to Federal Money, a dollar being 6s. Facit $212.50 47. Reduce 112L. 16s. New-York or North-Carolina Result $282.00 currency, to Federal Money. 48. Reduce 161L. 14s. South-Carolina or Georgia currency, to Federal Money. Result $693.00 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. Facit 11495 dwt 1. Reduce 47 pounds, 10 ounces, 15 pennyweights, to pennyweights. 2. Reduce 5 lb. 6 oz. 4 dwt. 20 gr. to grains. Result 31796 gr. 3. Bring 2 tons, 15 cwt. 2 quarters, to quarters. 4. Bring 3 tons, 25 lb. to pounds. Result 222 qrs. Result 6745 lb. 5. Reduce 7cwt. 3qrs. 10lb. to ounces. Facit 14048 cz. 6. Bring 27 73 23 19 2 grs. to grains. Result 159022 grs▾ 7. Bring 3 leagues, 2 miles, 7 furlongs, to furlongs. 8 Bring 57 miles, 2 furlongs, to poles. 9. Reduce 15 yards, 2 feet, to inches. 10. Bring 42 English ells, 3 quarters, to Result 95 fur. Result 18320 P. Result 564 in. quarters. Result 213 qrs. 11. Bring 17 yards, 2 quarters, 2 nails, to nails. Result 282 na. 12. Reduce 11 acres, 2 roods, 19 perches, to perches. Result 1859 P 13. Bring 17 acres, 3 roods, to perches. Result 2840P. 14. Reduce 14 tuns, 3 hogsheads, to hogsheads. Result 59 hhd. 15. Reduce 2 hogsheads, 10 gallons, to quarts. Result 544 qt. 16. Bring 40 gallons, 3 quarts, 1 piut, to pints. Result 327 pt. 17. Bring 16 bushels, 1 peck, to pecks. Result 65 pe. 18. Bring 15 bushels, 6 quarts, to quarts. Facit 486 qt. 19. Reduce 18 years, 6 months, to months. Result 222 mo. 20. Bring 3 weeks, 4 days, to days. Result 25 D. 21. Bring 2 weeks, 20 hours, to minutes. Result 21360 min. PROMISCUOUS QUESTIONS. 1. How many shillings are there in 45 pounds, 10 shillings? Ans. 910s. Ans. 700 cts. 2. How many cents are there in 630 pence, Pennsylvania currency 3. What number of farthings do 18s. 6d. make? Ans. 888 far, 4. How many pence are there in 4L. 5s. 4d.? Ans. 1024d. 5. How many dollars are there in 37L. 103. Pennsyl vania currency? Ans. $100. 6. In 1400 cents, how many pence, Pennsylvania curAns. 1260 pence. rency? 7. In 64130 cents, how many pounds, Pennsylvania currency? Ans. 240L. 9s. 9d. 8. How many pounds, Pennsylvania currency, are there m 560 dollars? Ans. 210L. 9. How many dollars are there in 600 pounds, NewYork currency? Ans. $1500. 10. In 38L. 9s. 3d. sterling, how many dollars? Ans. $170.941+ 11. In 845 French crowns, how many pounds, Pennsyl vania currency? Abs. 348L. 11s. 3d. 12. How many spoons weighing each 5 oz. 10 dwt. will 10lb. 1 oz. of silver make? Ans. 22. 13. A grocer has 34 cwt. 2 qrs. 12 lb. of sugar, and intends to divide it into parcels, each of which to weigh 68 pounds: how many of these parcels will there be? Ans. 57 14. In 28 cwt. 3 qrs. 24 lb. how many pounds? Ans. 3244 lb. 15. In 560 poles, how many miles? Ans. 1 M. 6 fur. 16. In 327 English ells of cloth, how many yards? Ans. 408 yds. 3 qrs. 17. How many quarters of a yard are there in 18 yards 2 quarters ? Ans. 74 qrs 18. A tract of land containing 1299600 square perches, is to be divided into 25 plantations of equal size: how many acres will there be in each? Ans. 324 A. 3 R. 24 P 19. How many casks which will contain 33 gallons each, may be filled out of 5 pipes and 1 hogshead of cider? Ans. 21 Ans. 486. Ans. 72. 20. In 15 bushels, 6 qts. how many quarts? Ans. 213 23. How many seconds are there in a solar year, which consists of 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, and 58 seconds? Ans. 31556938 sec. 24. How many days from the 24th of the fifth month (May) 1797, to the fifteenth of the twelfth month, (December) 1798 inclusive? Ans. 571 days, SIMPLE PROPORTION, OR THE SINGLE RULE OF THREE. Four numbers are said to be proportional, when the first contains the second, or some part of the second, as often as the third contains the fourth, or a like part of the fourth. In questions which are solved by Simple Proportion, three terms of a proportion are given to find the fourth. RULE. Write down, for the third term, that number which is of the same name or kind with the answer. Consider, from the nature of the question, whether the answer should be greater or less than this third term. It it is to be greater, set the greater of the two remaining numbers on the left hand, for the second term, and the other for the first; but if less, set the less of those two numbers for the second, and the other for the first. When the question is thus stated, if the first and second terms be not of the same denomination, reduce one or both of them till they are; and if the third term consist of several denominations, reduce it to its lowest denominalion; then, Multiply the second and third terms together, and divide the product by the first term: the quotient will be the answer. Note. The product of the second and third terms is of the same denomination a the third term; and the learner may be reminded, that the quotient and remainder are of the same denomination as the number divided. See examples 14, 15 and 16, under rule 1, and 7, 8, under rule 3, Compound Division. The rule which is given above, as it renders the distinctions of direct and interse proportion unnecessary, and has several other advantages, is preferable to the one which was formerly used; and it is likely to be generally adopted: but, for the convenience of those teachers who have not yet determined to employ it, the last mentioned rule is subjoined. RULE FOR STATING. Set that term of the supposition which is of the same name or kind with the term of demand, in the first place; set the other term of supposition in the second place, and the term of demand in the third place. When the question is thus stated, consider whether the proportion is direct or inverse. The proportion is direct, when the third term is greater than the first, and the nature of the question requires that the fourth term, or answer, should be greater than the second; or when the third term is less than the first, and it is required that the fourth term be less than the second. The proportion is inverse, when the third term is greater than the first, and the fourth is to be less than the second; or when the third term is less than the first, and the fourth is to be greater than the second. RULE FOR DIRECT PROPORTION. If the first and third terms be not of the same denomination, reduce both to the lowest in either; and if the second term consist of several denominations, |