"Journal of the expedition from Fort Gibson to the Pawnee Pict village." This is his entry on August 5: Rested for the day; men employed in curing meat; the express to General Leavenworth returned. Intelligence from Captain Dean of 3d infantry, announces the death of General Leavenworth; he died at his camp near "Cross Timbers," on the 21st of July; Lieutenant McClure, of this regiment, died at the Washita on the 20th of July; bilious fevers; one hundred and fifty men sick at the Washita. And this for August 6: Marched at 8 o'clock for the fort at the mouth of Little river; course southeast; distance, twenty-three miles; road through "Cross Timbers." This is a timbered thicket, small blackjack sapplings, so close as to frequently require the axe to make a road for a horseman. Five litters in our train; men in them extremely ill. Colonel Dodge sent an express to Colonel Kearney, who is at Camp Smith, near the mouth of the Washita, directing him to move his command to Fort Gibson; herds of buffalo broke and rebroke through our columns today; encamped in timber, in the bottom of a branch of Little river; found excellent grazing in the pea vines; litters came up several hours after the command. General Leavenworth's final and fatal camp was near the rapids of Washita River, now in Murray county, Oklahoma. The reports cited are printed in American State Papers, Military Affairs, V, 358 and 373. February 17, 1835. Meeting of citizens of Clay county, at Liberty, protest against the proposal to dump Indians on their border-under the removal policy.18 STEAMBOATS March 3. Galenian, and John Nelson, for Chariton; Siam, for Missouri River. March 17. Diana, for Independence. March 24. John Nelson, for Independence. March 31. Diana, and Siam, for Independence; Ioway, for the Missouri River; John Nelson, for Cantonment Leavenworth. 18 These fears were not unfounded. Half a dozen of the removed tribes were settled along or near the Missouri River, opposite, just above and just below Clay county. Removal of Sauk and Fox of the Missouri, Transactions of the Kansas State Historical Society, I and II, 268; Watkins, Illustrated History of Nebraska, II, 223, 224; proposal of removal created popular apprehension, Houck, History of Missouri, II, 388; beneficial effect of removal in Kansas, Transactions of the Kansas State Historical Society, VII, 32; Echoes of Indian Emigration, Missouri Historical Review, January, April and July, 1914; The American Nation, XV, 180; McMaster, A History of the People of the United States, IV, 39-40. April 14. St. Charles, for the Missouri River. From April 28, 1835, the Republican was issued tri-weekly, on Friday, Thursday, and Saturday. May 5. John Hancock, and St. Charles, for the Missouri; Siam, for Cantonment Leavenworth. May 23. There were 22 steamboats at St. Louis wharfs on the 21st-from the Great Mogul, 700 tons, to Jo Daviess, less than 30 tons. The Diana started for the Yellowstone on the 20th. June 20. Far West, for Independence; Iowa for Missouri River. July 2. John Hancock, for Missouri River. July 14. Col. R. M. Johnson. Letter in Louisville Journal: "Col. R. M. Johnson's second wife, Madam Parthene, a yellow woman, has eloped with one of his Indian students, carrying with her a check for $1000 and cash to the amount of $300, which she took out of her titled husband's drawer, she having possession of his keys. The name of the Indian is Jones, and he is a fine looking copper-faced savage." One of Johnson's first wife's nieces and Mrs. Johnson were out on horseback and met Jones, and Hunter, another Indian, and ran off with them. They were caught and brought back. "The Jackson men here are shocked at this runaway match." They were afraid that at a critical time John's political opponents "would get hold of the facts and make them public. 9919 July 16. The Diana arrived at St. Louis from the mouth of the Little Missouri. Cholera prevailed at several trading posts on the river. Ten died of it at Fontenelle's post. Two out of 30 attacked on the boat died. "This contradicts a statement I obtained from the state library at Frankfort Ky., that Colonel Johnson was never married but lived with this negress as his mistress. The incident is alluded to in my reference to the naming of Johnson county, Nebr., for Johnson, in volume XVII of the publications of the Nebraska State Historical Society, page 171. NAVIGATING THE PLATTE RIVER July 18. Mr. Campbell "of the firm of Sublette & Campbell," arrived on the 15th inst. He left for the mountains April 9. Deducting days lost, it took only three months "for the accomplishment of this perilous adventure." "By and by we shall think nothing of making excursions to the Mountains . . ." He was not molested by Indians. He remained "at the company's post at the foot of the Black Hills" about fifteen days. "Returning, he resolved to attempt the navigation of the Platte river a means of transportation which has heretofore been, by the traders generally, deemed altogether impracticable. He accordingly constructed a batteaux, loaded it with a large number of packs of Buffalo robes, and, by the occasional employment of small boats made of skins, he was enabled to descend the river a distance of six hundred miles, in safety. The navigation of the Platte is made very difficult by its great width, its shallowness, the absence of a channel in any part of it, and its quick-sand bottom." The traders and trappers in that part of the country were generally successful this season. From Snake Indians he learned that Indians had murdered two of Wyeth's trappers-the only outrage on Americans in that country this year. INDIANS August 18. Declaring against the formation of "the Western Territory," for Indians, states that a man who had intercourse with them for fifteen or twenty years says they "derive very little benefit from the furs and skins they are enabled to take; and when the Government pays out an annuity to them, the traders, and particularly the whiskey smugglers, soon get it, giving little or nothing in exchange. The whiskey venders immediately on the frontier, produce nearly all the misery which exists among the Indians, and are the cause of the bloodshed which so frequently assails the ear. It is no unusual thing, just after an annuity has been paid, to find the guns, blankets, powder, horses, in short everything necessary to the comfort of the Indians, transferred to the hands of the whiskey trader; and the wretched savages rioting in bestial intoxication." And William Clark was superintendent. Opposition to these criticisms was based on the ground that the "veteran" must not be turned out. Aug. 22. Correspondent. Major Benj. O'Fallon, a Jackson elector in 1828, "but I believe the party have mustered him out of service for refusing to join them in their paltry scheme of personal aggrandizement." STEAMBOATS ON THE MISSOURI Sept. 19. Chian, for Missouri River; Chariton for Independence. April 9, 1836. Iowa on the 10th and John Hancock the 14th, for Missouri River; May 5, says will go May 7; the Howard also for the Missouri. April 28. Quotes Gen. Jesup's recommendation for Indian defense in the west-from Fort Snelling on the north to Fort Jesup, near the Red River. Would reoccupy Council Bluffs, "as a post having command of the movements of all the tribes of Indians in the neighborhood." Indigenous Indians "within striking distance of the frontier," 150,341; removed to that quarter, 31,348; yet to emigrate, 62,181; total, 243,870. STEAMBOATS ON THE MISSOURI May 21. Howard, for Chariton, May 21; Kansas, and Hancock, Missouri River very soon. June 21. Howard, for Independence June 22. June 23. Iowa, for the Missouri, June 23; Boonville, for the Missouri, June 25; Chariton, for Chariton, soon. June 25. Kansas, and Hancock, for the Missouri river, June 27; St. Charles, Liberty, June 25; American, Chariton, June 25; Iowa, Missouri River, June 25. July 2. Tiskilwa, Missouri River. July 5. Chariton, Independence, perhaps to Blacksnake Hills; Howard, Independence, July 7; Dart, Missouri, July 5. July 28. Booneville, and Dart, Independence, July 28. Beginning September 20, 1836, the Republican was "published every morning [except Sundays] by Charless & Paschall, -at ten dollars a year.' Nov. 30. Five steamboats lost on the Missouri this season. November 26, the John Hancock, heavily freighted, struck a snag near Bellefontaine and sank in ten feet of water. "IOWA COPPER MINES' Jan. 31, 1837. Located one mile from Mineral Point, thirty-five from Galena, "embracing four hundred acres of land; in which copper has been discovered at various points, in great abundance. "The great road and mail route from Galena to Green Bay, via Fort Winnebago, passes through Mineral Point, and a railroad has been projected and an appropriation made for its survey from Milwaukee on Lake Michigan, to some point on the Mississippi near Galena, which passes through the mines. The lakes and the Mississippi are now struggling for the mastery" of this very fertile country from Green Bay to the Mississippi, which includes the mineral section. Signed "S. C. Stambaugh." Dated, "Lancaster, Dec. 27, 1836." On and after Tuesday, March 14, the name is "Daily Missouri Republican. April 18. Thirty-three steamboats busy at the wharfs on the 17th; eight arrived in the course of fifteen hours. June 26. No returns from the Santa Fe traders this season on account of raiding by Apache. July 3, the Republican is transferred by Charless & Paschall to Chambers, Harris & Knapp. The name is changed, on the 4th, to "Missouri Republican," with "Daily", in smaller letters immediately under it. Continues strongly Whig. July 8. "The established seat of government, for the |