20. A and B barter; A has 124 Cwt. of hops at 7 dol. 50 cts. per Cwt. but in barter insists on 8 dol. B has wine worth 66 cts. a gallon, which he raises in proportion to A's demand; on the balance, A received but a hhd. of wine; what had he in ready money? Ans. 55 dol. 64 cts, 8m.

LOSS AND GAIN.

Loss and Gain is a method of computing the profit or loss n the purchase or sale of goods, &c.

Note. Observe the note in Barter.

RULE.

Work by the Rule of Three, or by Practice, as the nature of the question may require.

EXAMPLES.

1. Bought 18 C. of iron, at 288. per C. and retailed it at 34d. per lb. what is gained in the whole ?

C. S.

C.

If 1.. 28: 18. 25

18C.-2016. at 34d.=291. 8s. sold for.

291. 88.-251. 4s.—41. 4s. Ans.

2. Bought knives at 20d. each, and sold them at 17d. each, now much is lost by the sale of 120 dozen ?

Ans. 187. 3. Hats bought at 52 cts. a piece, and sold at 65 cts. what is the gain per cent. ? Ans. 25 dol. 4. Bought 7 tuns of wine, at 45 dol. 33 cts. per hhd. and sold it at 14 cts. per pint; what is the whole gain, and the gain per cent.?

Ans. Whole gain 706dol. 44cts. per cent. 55dol. 65cts. 8m.+ 5. A draper bought 100 yards of cloth for 56 dol. how must he sell it per yard to gain 19 dol. in the whole ?

Ans. 75 cts per yard.

6. Bought 60 reams of paper, at 75 cts. per ream; what is lost in the whole quantity, at 4 per cent.? Ans. 1 dol. 80 cts. 7. Sold 500 penknives, at 17 cts, a piece, at 9 per cent. loss; what is lost on the whole number? Ans, 8 dol. 40 cts.+

8. Paid 184 dol. for one ton of steel; what is the profit or loss on the sale of 14 ton, retailed at 7°cts. per lb. ?

Ans. 380 dol. 80 cts. loss. 9. If a yard of cloth be bought for 13s. 4d. and sold for 16s. what is the gain per cent. ? Ans. 201. 10. If 1 Cwt. of tobacco be bought for 12 dol. 44 cts. and sold at 12 cents per lb. what is the gain or loss per cent. ? Ans. 12 dol. 54 cts. gain. 11. A draper bought 100 yards of cloth for 134 dol. 40 cts. how must he sell it per yard, to gain 15 per cent.?

Ans. 1 dol. 54 cents 5.6m. 12. Sold 12 yards of cloth for 15 dol. 20 cts. by which was gained 8 per cent. what was the prime cost of a yard? Ans. 1 dol. 17 cts. 2.8m.+ 13 Having bought a parcel of goods for 43 dol. 20 cts. and sold the same immediately for 60 dol. with 4 months credit; what is gained per cent. per annum?

Ans. 116 dol. 66 cts. 6m.+ 14. Bought 300 lb. of coffee at 56 cts. per lb. ready money, and sold it at 67 cts. per lb. payable in 8 months; how much was gained on the whole, allowing discount at 6 per cent. and how much per cent.?

25 dol. 27 cts. whole gain nearly. Ans. 15 dol. per cent.

15. If, when cloth is sold for 84 cts. per yard, there is gained 10 per cent. what will be the gain per cent. when it is sold for 1 dol. 2 cts. per yard? Ans. 33 dol. 57 cts.+ 16. Bought a chest of tea, weighing 490 lb. for 1227. 108. and sold it for 1387. 16s. 8d. what was the profit on each lb. ?

Ans. 8d.

17. Bought 12 pieces of white cloth, for 16 dol. 50 cts. per piece, paid 2 dol, 87 cts. a piece for dying; for how much must I sell them each, to gain 20 per cent. ?

Ans. 23 dol. 24 cts. 4m. 18. If 28 pieces of staff be purchased at 9 dol. 60 cts. per piece, and 10 of them sold at 14 dol. 40 cts. and 8 at 12 dol. per piece; at what rate must the rest be disposed of, to gain 10. per cent. by the whole ? Ans. 5 dol. 56 cts. 8m.

19. Sold a yard of cloth for 1 dol. 55 cts. by which was gained at the rate of 15 per cent. but if it had been sold for 1 dol. 72 cts. what would have been the gain per cent.?

Ans. 27 dol. 61 cts. 2m.+ 20. If, when cloth is sold at 93 cts. 5m. a yard, the gain is 10 dol. per cent. what is the gain or loss per cent. when it is sold at 80 cts. a yard? Ans. 5 dol. 88 cts. + loss.

21 At 9 cts. 5m. per dollar profit, how much per cent. ? Ans. 9 dol. 50 cts.

22. At 3s. 6d. in the pound profit, how much per cent. ? Ans. 171. 108. 23. If by selling 1 lb. of pepper for 10 cts. 5m, there is 2 cts. lost, how much is the loss per cent.? Ans. 16 dol. 24. A merchant receives from Lisbon 180 casks of raisins, which stand him here in 2 dol. 13 cents each; and by selling them at 3 dol. 68 cts. per Cwt. he gains 25 per cent.; required the weight of each cask, one with another.

Ans. 81 lb. nearly,

FELLOWSHIP.

FELLOWSHIP is the rule for adjusting the several quotas of the loss or gain of any joint adventure, or of a bankrupt's effects, &c.

CASE 1.

When the several stocks in company are considered without regard to time;

RULE.

As the whole sum, or stock,

Is to the whole gain, or loss;

So is each partner's share in stock, &e.

To his quota of the gain or loss.

PROOF.

The sum of the several shares, must be equal to the whole gain or loss.

EXAMPLES.

1. Three merchants traded: A put in 1407. B. 300l. and € 1607.; their gain was 1201.; what is each man's share thereof?

{

140..28 A's share,
300..60 B's share,
160.. 32 C's share,

120 Proof.

Ans.

2. Three merchants trading to Virginia, lost goods to the value of 1920 dol.; now suppose A's stock was 2880 dol. B's 11520 dol. C's 4800 dol. what sum must each man sustain of the loss ? Ans. A 288 dol. B 1152 dol. and C 480 dol. 3. A, B, C, freighted a ship with 108 tuns of wine, of which A had 48 tuns, B 36, and C 24, but by reason of stormy weather, were obliged to cast 45 tuns overboard; how much must each man sustain of the loss? Ans. A 20, B 15, and C 10T.

4. Suppose a merchant is indebted to S 168 dol. T 960 dol. V 337 dol, 50 cts, but upon his death his estate is found to be worth only 983 dol. 28 cts. how must it be divided among his creditors?

Ans. S must have 112.7199 dol. T 644.1138 dol. V 226.446 dol. 5. If the money and effects of a bankrupt amount to 3361.74 dol. and he is indebted to A 1782.24 dol. to B 1540.76 dol. and to C 2371.17 dol. how must it be divided amongst them? Ans. A 1052.2038 dol. B 909.63 dol. 8.1m. C 1399.8979 dol.

6. Three graziers, A, B, and C, rent an estate, containing 292 acres, 3 roods, 17 perches, at 480 dol. per annum; of which A pays 144 dol. B 156 dol. C 180 dol. they have agreed that the estate shall be divided in proportion to their rents; what is each man's dividend?

7. P, Q, and R, rent an estate, containing 360 acres, at 2407. per annum; of which P holds 90, Q 120, and R 150 acres : what must each man pay in proportion to the land he holds ?

P. 601. Ans. Sol. R 1007.

Multiply each man's stock by its time; then

As the sum of the products,
Is to the whole gain or loss ;
So is each particular product
To its share of the gain or loss.

EXAMPLES.

1. Three merchants traded together: A put in 1207. for 9 months, B 1007 for 16 months, C 1007. for 14 months, and they gained 100%. what is each man's quota ?

7.

m.

2. Three merchants in a joint adventure, put in as follows: A 960 dol. for 9 months, B 1632 dol. for 5 months, and C 288 dol. for 12 months; but by misfortune, lost goods to the value of 1200 dol. what must each sustain of the loss?

Ans. A must lose 511.8483 dol. B 483.41 dol. C 204.7393 dol. 3. A, B, and C, hold a pasture in common, for which they pay 201. per annum; in this pasture A had 40 oxen for 76 days, B 36 for 50 days, and C 50 for 90 days; what part of the 201. must each of them pay?

Ans. A must pay 6l. 10s. 21d. B 3l. 17s. 1d. C 9l. 128. 8d. 4. A puts in stock 432 dol. B advanced 4 months after; required the sum he put in, so as at the year's end to claim equal profit with A. Ans. 648 dol.

5. A, B, and C join stock for 12 months; A puts in on the first of the first month 240 dol. and the first of the fifth month 360 dol. more, and on the first of the ninth month takes out 72 dol. B puts in the first of the first month 600 dol. on the first of the sixth month'144 dol. more, and on the first of the eleventh month 240 dol. more. C puts in the first of the first month 720 dol. and on the first of the fourth month takes out 480 dol. on the first of the eighth month takes out 120 dol. more; and at the end of the year they found their whole gain to be 319 dols. 20 cts. What is each partner's share thereof? Ans. A 97.6881, B 155.1, C 66.41 dollars.

6. A, B, and C made a stock for 12 months; A put in at first 873.6 dol. and 4 months after he put in 96 dol. more; B put in at first 979.2 dol. and at the end of 7 months he took out 206.4 dol.; C put in at first 355.2 dol. and three months after he put in 206.4 dol. and 5 months after that he put in