TO OUR READERS. LOOKING back upon the past half-year of our labours in endeavouring to educate the peoplo, we cannot but congratulate our readers on the increasing evidence we have received from them, that our system of National Education has been eminently successful. By means of our Journal, hundreds have been led to study a variety of aseful branches of learning and knowledge, of which beforehand they had not the remotest idea ; and though coming to this study under the most disadvantageous circumstances, many have made a degree of progress in these branches which not only surprises themselves, but astonishes and delights us; and encourages us to go on in our labour of love, believing that we shall ultimately receive our reward. The new branehes of knowledge which are to be brought before our readers in the next Volume of The POPULAR EDUCATOR will be found in the last page of the last Number of this Volume; and we trust that the same success which has attended our past labours will accompany our present endeavours to impart a knowledge of them to our readers ; and that we shall have hundreds of diligent students of Chemistry and Natural Philosophy, who, though they may not rival Davy and Newton, yet may acquire a respectable proficiency in this department of learning, and one which will be of lasting avail to them through life. The Mathematics and the Languages will, of course, still form an important part of our series of Popular Instructions ; nor will Biography and Mental and Moral Philosophy be omitted, as soon as ever we can find a place for them. Geography, Instrumental Arithmetic, and various other branches begun in this Volume, shall be continued in the next Volume ; but whether our Lessons shall relate to former or to new branches of knowledge, every means shall be employed to convey the greatest possible amount of information in the least possible amount of space, and in the shortest possilole time; and we hope that our readers will give us credit for being the best judges of these necessary lements in the great work which we have undertaken. INDEX ....... ........ PAGE LVI. Paradigms of Regular Verbs of the First Conjuga- III. Section III., Subtraction 83 LVII. Peculiarities of Verbs of the First Conjugation ; Paradigms of Verbs of the Second and Third 236 V. Multiplication and Division Conjugations ... 296 LVIII. Paradigm of Verbs of the Fourth Conjugation VII. Greatest Common Measure; Least Common Mul- LIX. Conjugation of Reflective Verbs.. 371 LX. Table of the Regular Terminations of the Four Con- jugations; Formations of the Tenses; Uniper- XXIV. Vulgar Fractions :. Multiplication of Fractions. LXI., LXII., LXII., LXIV., LXV., LXVI., 1.XVII., 26 LXVIII., LXIX. Alphabetical Table of the XXV. Vulgar Fractions: Division, &c. Irregular, Defective, Peculiar, and Onipersonal XXVI. Weights and Measures ; Tables of Equalization 132 140,160, 178, 187, 203, 221, 237, 265 XXVII., XXVIII., XXIX. Coins, Weights and Mea, Fables.... ..187, 222, 238, 266, 322 LXX. Participles ; the Adverb. Syntax, th. Noun.... 281 298 LXXII., LXXIII. The Adjeotive and its Peculiarities ..312, 330 XI. John Kay of Royton, a Lancashire Mathematician 239 XII. Jerome Stone, a Classical Scholar ..... 383 1. Introduction; Definitions ; Names and uses of the Skeleton Maps of Europe and Asia, and Maps of Polynesia, Different Books kept in a Merchant's Counting England and Wales, Scotland and Ireland : Latitudes and Longi- tudes, Boundaries, Divisions, Seas, Straits, Gulfs, Islands, Penin. II. Examples of Entries in the Day-Book, Journal, sulas, &c. to be prefixed to the Volume, XXII. Explanation of the Map of Asia, Ethnography.... 29 III. Principles, and Rules for finding the Debtor and XXIII. Explanation of the Map of Africa; table of the IV. Explanation of the Waste-Book, Cash-Book, Bill- Countries, Kingdoms, Empires and States of Book, Day-Book, &c. Forms of Drafts, Promis- sory Notes, and Foreign Bills of Exchange 263 XXIV. Explanation of the Map of North America; table V. Jones's System; Journalizing the Subsidiary Books 293 of the Countries, Kingdoms, Empires, and States VI. Arrangement of the Accounts in the Ledger ; Method of Posting the Journal; System of check XXV., XXVI. Explanation of the Map of North America XXVII., XXVIII. Explanation of the Map of South America; table of Countries, Kingdoms, Empires I. Introductory Remarks; Zinc; List of Materials 259 XXIX. Explanation of the Map of Australasia; Table of Countries, Colonies and Settlements in Austra- 13 XXX. Explanation of the Map of Polynesia; Table of X. Proportions of the Human Head and Face .. Colonies, Settlements and Countries in Polynesia 361 XI., XII., XIII. On Trees and their Append- ages 89, 137, 165 XXIX. On the Denuding Agency of the Ocean XXX. On the Production of Ripple Marks XLII. Ioflexion. Nouns, their Origin and Classes, Nouns XXXI. On the Distribution of Drists and Boulders 97 121 XLIII., XLIV. Names of Persons in various lan- XXXIII. On the Production of Landslips XXXIV. On the Effects of Electric Discharges upon XXXV. On the Effects of Wind on Surface Rocks 106 XXXVI. On the Action of frost in the Disintegration of LII. Degrees of Comparison, Numeral Adjectives 170 XXXVII. On the Effects of Snow Avalanches..... 186 XXXVIII. On the Formation and Aspect of Glaciers LV. Adjective Pronouns. 323 228 XL. On the Transporting Power of Glaciers, and its LX. The Verbs; Have, Do, Will, shall 289 XLI. On the Formation and the Drifting of Icebergs 381 LXI. The Verbs; May, Can, Must, Ought LXII. Verbs, Verb Parsing; the Participle LXIV. Syntax; Simple Sentences; Agreement.. rollaries and Exercise solved. Prop. VII. with LXV. Syntax of the Subjeot; the Article; the Adjective 363 378 XIX. Exercises to Prop. VII. solved. Prop. VIII. with Corollary and Scholium. Prop. IX. with Scholia. Prop. X. with Corollary and Scholia. Prop. XI. LII. Demonstrative, Relative, and Indefinite Pronouns 8 with Corollary and Scholia 101 194 XXI. Prop. XII. Scholia and Exercise solved 271 34 XXII. Props. XIII., XIV., and XV. Scholia, Corollaries, ... LESSONS IN GEOLOG Y.-No. XXIX. CHAPTER II. SECTION XIII. ON THE DENUDING AGENCY OF THE OCEAN. DENUDATioN is a word in frequent use among geologists. It rather than excavating, their beds. In most longitudinal val. diversity of origin, Mountain valley's resemble large cracks Fig: 66. waves, The Denudation of Rucks in Suzon Suitzerland. In a former lesson, I intimated that the formation of valleys / produced in the strata of the earth's crust, either when was a citlicult problem in geology. It is evident that rivers, tracting, or when suddenly elevated from the bed of the ocean. in general, have not excavated their own beds, but flow in They are longitudinal, following the direction of the mountain valleys which have been formed, for the most part, by other chain ; or they are transverse, running across that direction agents. In the majority of instances, rivers are filling up, ! Their sides are generally rugged, mosily sleep, and their edge VOL. III. 53 |