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EXAMPLES.

In 76 puncheons, how many pints?

Here 79 X 7=53'2-£53 4s. 51,072 answer.

How many quarts in 127 puncheons ?

Answer, 42,672.

How many gallons in 457 puncheons ?

Answer, 38,388.

How many quarts and pints, and of each an equal number are there in 456 puncheons?

Answer, 102,144.

In the reducing of one name to another, no particular rule can be laid down; it must, therefore, be left to the reader's ingenuity.

Nor is it to be expected that he can remember the number of small names in a great one on the instant; but this may be done by continually multiplying one number into all the others, and obtain the product as in manner following.

EXAMPLE.

In 27 tons, how many pints?

Here there are 4 hogsheads in a ton; 63 gallons in a hogshead; and 8 pints to a gallon.

Then 4×63=252 farthings=5s. 3d.

And 5s. 3d. x8=£2 2s.

Therefore 27 at £2 2s.=54 guineas; or, which is the same thing, £56 14s. 54,432 answer.

So that by proceeding in a similar manner, questions may be answered mentally with wonderful rapidity.

Suppose it is asked how many changes may be rung upon 10 bells?

Here 1X2 X3 X4 X5 X6X7X8X9X10 give the product required.

But the products of the above are not easily to be remembered; and, therefore, some ingenuity is required to give

the answer.

The following may be the best method.

Multiply in the usual manner, 1×2×3×4×5=120= 2s. 6d. ; and 8 times 2s. 6d. is a £. Now, the products of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8 are cancelled. There are now only left 6, 7, 9, and 10; the product of these is 3,780 for pounds; which is equal in farthings to 3,628,800 answer.

ALE AND BEER.

In 78 barrels of beer, how many pints?

Here 36×8=288, the pints in 1 barrel of a £.

Then 78×3=£23'4=£23 8=22,464 pints answer.

In 768 barrels of beer, how many quarts?

Here 36×4=9d. X4=3s.

And 768s. £38 8s.

Hence £38 8s. X3=£115 4s.=110,592 answer.

How many quarts are there in 146 barrels ?

Answer, 21,024.

In 157 barrels of beer, how many gallons?

Answer, 5,652.

To reduce butts to pints, &c.

Rule. Multiply the given number of butts by 864, (9 times 96,) and the answer is obtained.

EXAMPLES.

In 37 butts, how many pints?

Here 37 X 9=£33.3=£33 6s. 31,968 answer.

How many gallons and quarts, and of each an equal number, are there in 370 butts?

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Rule. Divide the given number of weys by 3 for pounds sterling; because 320 gallons is one wey; the farthings in which will, in numbers, be the answer.

Note. For any other name, measures may be taken similar to those already laid down.

EXAMPLES.

How many gallons in 478 weys?

Here 478+3=£159 6s. 8d.=152,960 answer.

In 477 weys, how many quarts?

Answer, 610,560

TIME.

"TIME in advance behind him hides his wings,
And seems to creep decrepit with his age.
Behold! when passed by, what then is seen
But his broad pinions swifter than the wind?"

"The bell strikes One. We take no note of Time
But from its loss. To give it then a tongue

Is wise in man."

"Then Time turns torment when a man turns fool."

Night Thoughts.

To reduce days to hours.

Rule. Double the right hand figure and fraction (if any) for shillings; divide the whole by 4; this quotient brought to farthings will be the answer.

This may be the readiest method for multiplying by 24.

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How many hours in 365 days?

Here the right hand figure and fraction being doubled, we have £36 10s, 6d.; this divided by 4 is equal to £9 2s. 7 d. 8,766 answer.

In 844 days, how many hours?

Answer, 20,256.

How many hours in 967 days?

Answer, 23,220.

To reduce days to minutes.

Rule. Add to the days half their number for pounds, product in farthings will, in numbers, be the answer.

Or, which is the same thing, multiply the days by.

the

The above rule is made from the farthings in £11; being equal, in numbers, to the minutes in a day.

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Rule. Multiply the days by 90 for pounds; the produce in farthings will be the answer, because 1×60=90.

EXAMPLES.

In 857 days, how many minutes ?

Here 857 × 90=77,130=74,044,800 seconds answer.

How many seconds in 176 days?

Answer, 15,206,400.

In 365 days, how many seconds?

Answer, 31,557,600.

If there be hours, make them the fractional part of a day.

To reduce weeks to minutes.

Rule. Multiply the number of weeks by 10% for pounds; the farthings, in numbers, will be the answer.

Because, having before multiplied the days by 1 to bring them to minutes, it is necessary here to multiply by 7 times 1, (there being 7 days in a week.)

EXAMPLES.

How many minutes are there in 115 weeks?.

Here 115x10 £1,207 10s.=1,159,200 answer.

In 120 weeks, how many minutes?

Answer, 1,209,600

How many minutes in 124 weeks?

Answer, 1,249,920

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