PRACTICAL ARITHMETIC, BY CHARLES S. VENABLE, LL.D., ་་ PROFESSOR OF MATHEMATICS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA, AND AUTHOR OF A VENABLE'S MATHEMATICAL SERIES. GIFT 1. FIRST LESSONS IN NUMBERS: An Illustrated Arithmetic for beginners, 15mo, pp. 118. 2. INTERMEDIATE ARITHMETIC: Mental and Written, containing a simple treatment of the elementary principles and common applications of arithmetic, with numerous practical examples. 16mo, pp. 256. 3. PRACTICAL ARITHMETIC: In which operations on abstract and denominate numbers and their various applications, are thoroughly explained and illustrated by numerous examples adapted to the business of practical life. A complete treatise, rendering a higher book unnecessary for ordinary arithmetical studies. 12mo, pp. 348. 4. MENTAL ARITHMETIC: After the inductive method of Pestalozzi; containing numerous oral exercises for arithmetical training. 16mo, pp. 159. 5. EASY ALGEBRA: A simple, plain presentation of the essentials of elementary algebra, for beginners. 12mo, pp. 157. 6. HIGH SCHOOL ALGEBRA: Which trains learners to a thorough knowledge of algebra. 12mo, pp. 318. 7. ELEMENTS OF GEOMETRY: A complete translation and adaptation of the latest edition of the standard work of Legendre, with many exercises in Geometrical Analysis and hints for their solution. Crown 8vo, pp. 366. 8. NOTES ON Analytical) SOLID Geometry. Crown 8vo, pp. 110. 9. A KEY to the Mental and Practical Arithmetics. 10. A KEY to the High School Algebra. 12mo, pp. 74. 12mo, pp. 62. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1867, by If the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1871, by the In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 103 V447 320892 PREFACE. RECOGNIZING fully "the importance of establishing Arithmetic in the young mind on reason and demonstration," and believing that scientific accuracy may be combined with simplicity of illustration, I have made an attempt in the present work to render the reasoning of such Arithmetics as those of Bourdon, Briot, De Morgan, and Wrigley, easily accessible to the young. The work treats first of the principles and methods of Abstract Arithmetic--Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division of Abstract Whole Numbers, Common and Decimal Fractions. The pupil who has a thorough understanding of the rules of Abstract Arithmetic, and who has acquired facility in the application of these rules, by the aid of numerous examples given, is prepared to apply these rules in the use of Concrete Numbers and in practical business operations. Denominate Numbers are, therefore, next treated, beginning with the Tables of American, English, and French Measures, Weights, and Coins. These tables are divided into Common and Decimal-the latter embracing Federal Money and the French Meter System. Many examples are given of the addition, subtraction, etc., of integers and fractions of the different kinds and denominations of numbers; and the advantages of the Decimal Tables for simplicity of computation are thus fully illustrated. After this are introduced the various applications of Arithmetic to questions of trade and commerce-as Interest, Discount, Loss and Gain, Fellow. ship, Exchange, etc. As the study is made more thorough by the constant use of "head-reckoning," reference is made throughout to the Mental Arithmetic of this series, which may be used profitably as a companion to the present book. This mode of instruction will greatly aid the student who wishes to become a ready computer and practical accountant |