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Page 35.-That "Christ scorned men, when He bade them be perfect, because He knew it was impossible for them." O wicked! Page 37. He denied "that Christ died for all men, but for` the elect;" contrary to Heb. ii. 9, and 1 Jno. ii. 2.

Page 38. He said, "It was the clear mark of the devil, to go up and down from place to place to preach, as the Quakers do." And yet the apostles did so.

Page 6.-James Durham, of Glasgow, "thanked God that the Scriptures speak nothing for freedom from sin and perfection;" contrary to Matt. v. 48; Rom. vi. 26; 1 Cor. ii. 6; and Heb. X. 14.

Page 7.-Lodowick Simerell, priest of Munkland, that "it was blasphemy to say that the light in man which reproves for sin, is the Light of God, is perfect, is the gift of God;" contrary to Isa. i. 17 and xlix. 6; 1 Cor. xii. 7; Jno. i. '3 and iv. 10, 14. Page 12.-William Hambleton, priest of Glasford, said, "If the laws were right, it would chop off all the Quakers' heads." And among their curses, page 15, they said, "Cursed be all they that say grace is free, and let all the people say, Amen."* Page 17.-"Cursed be all they that say faith is without sin, and let all the people say, Amen."

Page 18.-"Cursed be all they that say every man hath a light sufficient to lead him to Christ, and that within him, and let all the people say, Amen."

And abundance more in that book, and much more in the second edition of their Principles and Practices in Persecution, &c., printed in 1659, very consonant to the priests of New England, being their elder brethren, though Cotton Mather now pre-, tends the contrary; but have they renounced those erroneous principles (to call them no worse), so contrary to Scripture? to which I may add, ere I leave Scotland, John Brown and Robert Macquar, two eminent Presbyterians, calling it "one of the abominable heads of Quakerism," to assert that "the man Christ Jesus is the mediator;" and so deny Christ to be the * Contrary to Titus ii. 11; 1 Cor. xii. 9; Eph. ii. 8; Rom. v. 18; 2 Cor. xii. 19. † See the Index at the end of R. B.'s Works, Apology Vindicated, page 881.

mediator, contrary to plain Scripture, 1 Tim. ii. 5: "For there is one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus;" and many more I could instance of them and others.

But to return to New England; as to The Elders' Tenets in the Bay, I find these among many others, very unsound.

*

Page 9.-That "there are delusions in the witness of the Spirit."

Page 14. "To say that Christ is our sanctification, is a damnable doctrine;" contrary to 1 Cor. i. 30.

Page 18." Church-covenant reaches to a thousand generations."

Page 21.-"The Spirit of God, of itself, is not a sufficient witness," &c.

Many more I could object, but would see what Cotton Mather will say to these first, to which I may add his father, Increase Mather's saying to John Tyso† that "there was nothing in him, that he hoped to be saved by;" so denying "Christ in you the hope of glory," Col. i. 27; and declaring himself a reprobate, according to 2 Cor. xiii. 5, "Jesus Christ is in you, except you be reprobates ;" and that "there was none cleansed from all sin on this side the grave;" thus denying the end of Christ's coming, which was to "save His people from their sins," Matt. i. 21; and "greater is He that is in us, than he that is in the world.”— 1 Jno. iv. 4. And among many of Cotton Mather's own sayings,§ take this one for all, "I believe there are a million of men in hell, whose damnation was occasioned by the fall of David ;" contrary to Ezek. xviii. 20, "The soul that sinneth, it shall die. The son shall not bear the iniquity of the father," &c. And many more that I could mention of his; if I was minded to enlarge, or be particular, I could fill a volume of such things; but let this suffice at present, wherein I have given him a discourse, as above, for his discourse, and by six witnesses too, truer than his can be.

8. Groom's Glass for New England.

† Ibid., page 35.

Contrary to Calvin, "That Christ is not without, but with in."
History Book, Vol. VII., chap. ii., page 6.

Page 101.-He queries, "But what will become of those forlorn villages that shall resign themselves to the conduct of the light within." Answer. They that believe in the light, as Christ commanded, and give up themselves to be led and guided by it, as Christ said of such as followed Him (the Light), "shall not abide in darkness, but shall have the light of life;" and then they will not be forlorn, but be saved; for "the nations of them which are saved shall walk in the Light of the Lamb." "By the true faith and belief of which," as George Keith said of these two principles, of the light within, and immediate revelation, "the nation that is now as a barren wilderness, as to fruits of righteousness, would become as the garden "and paradise of God; the glory of Lebanon and excellency of "Carmel would be given unto it, and it would become a married "land and nation unto the Lord;" and so would all other nations, if they would" come and walk in the Light of the Lord." And his saying, "Which our sacred Scripture indeed never expressly mentions but once or twice, and then calls it real darkness, and which may lead men to all this wickedness." Answer. To all this wickedness; to all what wickedness does he mean? I utterly deny that the Light of Christ within will ever lead into any wickedness or sin, and look on it as great wickedness in him to so suggest; for as the Lord is of purer eyes than to behold evil, or look on iniquity with allowance, so His light within, being pure, never consented to any sin or wickedness, much less led any into it, but always stood a faithful witness against it, though there be darkness within, in the state of alienation from it, as well as light; but to make no distinction between light and darkness, is very dark and disingenuous; or because the Scripture' speaks of darkness within, or of men in that state, to render it as if it included the light, or as if it was all one, is very gross and blasphemous; like them spoken of, "That put darkness for light, and light for darkness," against whom there is a woe pronounced; and they that commit sin, go from the light into the darkness. And therefore for him to say, "The Scripture * Universal Grace, Preface, page 3.

never mentions it but once or twice, and then calls it real darkness;" as if that was all the light the Scriptures mention, is great darkness in him to assert, when the Scriptures are so full in the case, as to the Light of Christ within, or in men, which is all one; as Jno. i. 9, "That was the true light which enlighteneth every man that cometh into the world;" and "that which may be known of God is manifest in them."-Rom. i. 19. And, "All things that are reproved are made manifest by the light; for whatsoever doth make manifest, is light," Eph. v. 13; and that must be within. And, "While ye have the light, believe in the light." And if Cotton Mather says that was Christ, as He said, "I am the light of the world;" I say, that is within, now, according to His saying, "He dwelleth with you, and shall be in you;" and "Christ in you the hope of glory;" and "I in you," &c. "For God, who commanded the light to shine out of darkness, hath shined in our hearts;" and "The law is light," Prov. vi. 23, and that is "within," Psal. xxxvi. 40; and I never heard of any that did deny the "Light, Grace, Spirit, Word," &c., to be all one, though called by several names, according to its diverse operations; and "David hid the Word in his heart;" and "the Word of God abideth in you; the Spirit of God dwelleth in you;" and "God hath sent forth the Spirit of His Son into our hearts;" and "the Grace of God, that bringeth salvation, hath appeared to all men;" and that must be within, for it did not appear to all men outwardly, by Christ's appearance in flesh. And abundance more such Scriptures could I bring, that expressly mention Christ and His Light, Grace, Spirit, and Truth, in men, in the heart and inward parts, &c., for I know nothing that the Scriptures are more express in; and will Cotton Mather say that is not within, or that all this is real darkness? If he will, I cannot but admire at his darkness; and that he should say, "It never expressly mentions it within," when it so frequently and expressly mentions it "in men, in them, in us, in you," &c., which is all one as within, for what is in them must be within, and he is a caviler to deny it. Yea, George Keith, since he left us, says,' *The true doctrine and

*Fourth Narration, page 105.

sense of the light within, as a divine and supernatural gift of God, given to all faithful Christians," &c., "is a doctrine well warranted by Scripture, and consented to by the generality of professors of Christianity," &c. But now Cotton Mather denies it, and calls it "real darkness;" but if he will not allow this, though George Keith says, "It is well warranted by Scripture, and consented to by the generality of professors," nor will not be convinced of it, without the very term "within," let him see next time how he can answer or prove John Norton's consequences in his book,* of that which is so inconsequential, saying, "Those truths are Scripture truths which are contained or held forth in the Scriptures, though not in express terms." So let him own the one, or deny the other; and not be so deceitful still, and have a care, for time to come, of imposing things on us that are not in express Scripture terms, nor deducible from it by any true consequence, while they deny what is so plain in Scripture terms and according to it.

Cotton Mather.-That "although such a number of Quakers in our nation be a dreadful judgment of God upon men, smiting them with spiritual plagues." Obs. But now he pretended as if they were come to nothing; and now tells of their numbers being a spiritual plague. Wilt thou never leave off thy contradictions and confusions, Cotton? And will he still make the Quakers the judgments, when it is so plain that the judgments of God have come upon them for persecuting them? But I can tell him of a greater spiritual plague that hath smitten them, and that is, their own false hearts he tells of in his Book of Witches, and the evil spirits they were plagued with, as he pretends; and will he still tell of the Quakers' plaguing them? Let him have a care the Lord does not send other plagues upon them for their wickedness; and for this among other things, in belying and abusing His people, and saying also, "For if they should multiply, not only would Christianity be utterly extinguished, but humanity itself exterminated." Answer. I am far otherwise minded, and that upon better ground than he can have to the contrary, even my own knowlThe Heart of New England Rent, page 13.

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