1. As to the defense of delay in notifying the bank after discovery of forgery of payee's indorsement, and the effect of said delay upon the bank's opportunity to protect itself, this case is controlled by Houseman-Spitzley Corp. v. American State Bank, 205 Mich. 268. Merchants' National Bank v. Federal State Bank, 8.
2. Where the payees' indorsements upon certain checks were forged and the proceeds placed to the forger's credit by defendant bank, which indorsed the checks and they were paid by plaintiff bank through clearing house, and the maker of the checks suffered no loss, the forger having reimbursed the payees, plaintiff bank, not being liable to the maker, was not entitled to recover the amount of said checks in an action against defendant bank. Id. BASIS OF AWARD See MASTER AND SERVANT (20, 21).
BIDDING AT DRAIN SALE-See DRAINS (6, 7).
BLUE-SKY LAW-See CORPORATIONS (1).
BOUNDARIES-See ADVERSE POSSESSION (5).
BREACH OF AGREEMENT-See WILLS (6).
BREACH OF CONDITION PRECEDENT-See CONTRACTS (10). BREACH OF CONTRACT-See CONTRACTS (6); FRAUDS, STATUTE OF (4).
1. A broker who has notice of a seller's restricted title is not entitled to a commission for the sale of the property which fails of consummation only because the buyer re- fused to take such restricted title. Gettleson v. Lewis, 113.
2. Where the question of the broker's notice of such re- stricted title was disputed, it should properly have been presented to the jury. Id.
3. A real estate broker in the employ of his principal, is bound to act for his principal alone, using his utmost good faith in his behalf. Lister v. Sakwinski, 121.
4. A promise by one of the principals in an exchange of real estate, after the negotiations were completed, to pay a commission to the other party's broker, to whom he owed nothing, is void for want of consideration. Id. 5. A clause in a contract signed by the principals in an exchange of real estate, acknowledging that certain bro- kers had brought about the sale and agreeing to pay the regular broker's commission, construed, in view of 3 Comp. Laws 1915, § 11981, and held, to be for the pur-
pose of making written evidence of agreement of the parties to pay their respective brokers the commission on their respective properties, and was no authority for the broker of one principal to maintain an action for com- mission against the other principal by whom he was not employed. Id. 122.
6. Where plaintiff had procured a loan as a first mortgage on a building he was planning to erect, but estimated he would require an additional loan, and defendants as bro- kers procured the execution of a contract between plain- tiff and third parties whereby said additional sum was to be placed in escrow to be available "according to the terms and conditions of a certain contract executed by and between" said first and second mortgagees, but said last-mentioned contract was in fact never executed be cause of disagreement between said first and second mort- gagees, and said second loan was never consummated, held, that promissory notes executed by plaintiffs to de- fendants as commission for procuring said second loan were void for failure of consideration. Newman v. Adels- perger, 683.
BURDEN OF PROOF-See MASTER AND SERVANT (22).
BURGLARY-See CRIMINAL LAW (13).
CANCELLATION OF INSTRUMENTS.
1. On a bill by brothers of the grantor to cancel certain deeds placing the title of certain hotel property in the grantor and his wife as tenants by the entireties, the decree of the court below dismissing the bill for failure of proof, is affirmed on appeal. Taylor v. Taylor, 73. 2. On a bill to cancel a deed and an assignment of a mort- gage, where the record shows that defendant was in- debted to plaintiff and deeded to him 1161⁄2 acres of land in partial payment of said indebtedness, said land and 40 acres retained by defendant being subject to a mort- gage which was later foreclosed and the equity of re- demption about to expire when plaintiff agreed to redeem therefrom and to also cancel a $3,600 note and mortgage which he held against the 40 acres if defendant would convey to him said 40 acres, which plaintiff did without disclosing that he had already deeded said 40 to his step- son and had assigned to his brother a second mortgage for $3,000 covering said 40 which he had purchased and for which he had received credit from plaintiff, held, that plaintiff was entitled to the relief sought, defendant being the real party in interest. Klein v. Miller, 91.
3. On a bill for the cancellation of a deed executed by a woman 83 years of age, the finding of the court below that the grantor was mentally competent to execute the same, held, supported by the evidence. Swan v. Stevens' Estate, 694.
CANCELLATION OF INSTRUMENTS-Continued.
4. Held, that there was no evidence to support the charge of undue influence. Id.
5. Where the deed itself is absolute on its face, and the record contains ample evidence of a valid and adequate consideration, a court of equity will not decree said deed to be a mortgage. Id.
CASUAL EMPLOYMENT-See MASTER AND SERVANT (39).. CERTIFICATE-See CONTRACTS (1).
CERTIFICATE, FAILURE TO FILE-See PARTNERSHIP (1).
CERTIORARI-See MASTER AND SERVANT (25).
CHARACTER WITNESS-See CRIMINAL LAW (6).
CHATTEL MORTGAGES-See EXEMPTIONS (1); SALES (1). CHILDREN-See MASTER AND SERVANT (18).
CIRCUIT COURTS-See CRIMINAL LAW (23).
CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE-See NEGLIGENCE (7).
CITIES-See JUSTICES OF THE PEACE (1).
CITY OFFICIALS-See MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS (4).
CLAIMS FOR SERVICES-See EXECUTORS AND ADMINISTRATORS (2).
COLLATERAL ATTACK-See HABEAS CORPUS.
COLLATERAL ISSUE-See PARTIES.
COLLISION-See RAILROADS (2); STREET RAILWAYS (2).
COMMISSIONS-See BROKERS (1, 4-6).
COMMON LABOR-See MASTER AND SERVANT (19).
COMPENSATION-See EXECUTORS AND ADMINISTRATORS; MASTER AND SERVANT (6, 20, 21, 26).
COMPETENCY-See GUARDIAN AND WARD.
COMPETENCY OF GRANTOR-See CANCELLATION OF INSTRU- MENTS (3).
COMPETENCY OF WITNESS-See APPEAL AND ERROR (11). COMPUTATION OF AWARD-See MASTER AND SERVANT ̊ (21).
CONDITION PRECEDENT-See CONTRACTS (9).
CONDITIONAL ORDER-See APPEAL AND ERROR (20).
CONDITIONAL SALE-See SALES (1).
CONDUCT OF COURT-See CRIMINAL LAW (8); PERJURY (3); TRIAL (3).
CONFESSIONS-See CRIMINAL LAw (34).
CONFLICT OF TERMS-See CONTRACTS (3).
CONSIDERATION-See BROKERS (4, 6); CANCELLATION OF IN- STRUMENTS (5).
CONSPIRACY-See CRIMINAL LAW (9, 10).
A petition filed with the secretary of State to submit to the electors at the next general election a proposed con- stitutional amendment, and found insufficient for that pur- pose, because lacking signatures, performed its office and cannot be treated as a continuing petition, to be revived from time to time by the addition of other names. Ham- ilton v. Secretary of State, 371.
See JUSTICES OF THE PEACE (1).
CONSTRUCTION OF CONTRACT-See BROKERS (5); CONTRACTS (3, 4, 8); EQUITY (2).
CONSTRUCTION OF LEASE-See LANDLORD AND TENANT (1). CONSTRUCTION OF STATUTE-See DRAINS (1); EXEMPTION (1); INSURANCE (4); MASTER AND SERVANT (2, 44).
CONSTRUCTION OF WILL-See WILLS (6-8).
CONTEMPT-See APPEAL AND ERROR (19).
CONTINUANCE-See CRIMINAL LAW (15, 26).
CONTINUOUS POSSESSION-See ADVERSE POSSESSION (2). CONTRACT FOR INDEMNITY-See NEGLIGENCE (12). CONTRACTS.
1. Where a contract to erect a building was signed by part- ners in their individual names, with no partnership name stated nor reference made to a partnership, said contract was not void, although no certificate of copartnership had been filed with the county clerk as required by Act No. 164, Pub. Acts 1913 (2 Comp. Laws 1915, § 6354 et seq.). Rossello v. Trella, 20.
2. In an action to recover the purchase price of 13 bags of beans which plaintiff purchased from defendant and paid for in advance, evidence that the beans were shipped subject to inspection, that plaintiff surrendered to the railroad company the order bill of lading which had been indorsed to him, and, without inspecting the beans, re- moved them to his warehouse on June 28th, held, to war
rant the finding of the court below that plaintiff by his conduct accepted the beans and was precluded from there- after claiming a right to recover because inspection "some time in July" disclosed that they were spoiled. Lieblein v. Isbell Bean Co., 87.
3. If, construing the entire agreement, there seems to be any difference in meaning between the preliminary statement and the agreement proper, the operative part, being clear and unambiguous in meaning, must be given effect. Hans- barger v. Hansbarger, 281.
4. The plain provisions of a contract for the sale of a house and lot, that $50 deposited by plaintiff was but half of the first payment, the sale to be closed when the other half was paid, and "this deposit accepted subject to owner's approval," held, to leave no room for construction. Zim- merman v. Miller, 599.
5. Until approved in writing, a written agreement to sell real estate, made subject to approval, depends for its value, like an oral agreement to sell real estate, chiefly on the integrity of the owner or his agent. Id.
6. If the writing was a valid contract to sell, which was breached by defendant's refusal to proceed, plaintiff's measure of damages was the difference in value of the property at the time of the contract and its value at the time of the breach, and not its value "at the present time." Id.
7. The only evidence of damages sustained by plaintiff being the $50 deposited with defendant, plaintiff was entitled to a judgment for said amount, with interest, but with costs against him. Id.
8. The intent of the parties to a contract in writing is to be gathered from the instrument itself without extrinsic evi- dence. Reed & Cheney Co. v. Richards-Wilson Co., 627. 9. A condition in a written contract that plaintiff is to ac- cept and pay for fuel-saving devices if said devices save 25 per cent. of the average amount of fuel consumed dur- ing the last three winters is a condition precedent; the title to the devices in the meantime remaining in de- fendants. Id.
10. Where defendants' contract to sell fuel-saving devices to plaintiff failed for breach of a condition precedent, plain- tiff could not recover in an action on a guaranty to save fuel over a period of years, contained therein, since the guaranty was as dependent on the sale as were the other terms of the contract, and when the contract failed the guaranty failed. Id.
See ATTORNEY AND CLIENT; BROKERS (4); CORPORATIONS (9); DRAINS (7); FRAUDS, STATUTE OF (4); MUNICIPAL CORPO- RATIONS (4); PARTNERSHIP (1); SALES (1),
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