the proper sort of training. Most of the women in journalism to-day "just fell into it". But if the schools of journalism keep on turning out graduates, it will be increasingly difficult for women to get into really big positions without a thorough technical training. If a woman wants to make a success of newspaper work, she must develop some kind of a specialty. There are a number that might well be recommended. The sphere of women's interests of course holds first place, and this department is very much in need of reform. Note for instance the absolutely dangerous things that are often published about the care of children by people who know nothing about them! Papers are now looking for experts who can write, not people who can write and may possibly know something about their subject. The trade journal field is one of promise for women, and the criticism of music and the drama might be developed with good results. Then there is the matter of world politics. A short time ago a bureau had a call from one of the biggest weeklies in the country for an assistant editor, and it was exceedingly difficult to fill that position, because there are not many women today who have a broad enough horizon, who have a world politic outlook. Women can not hope to have bigger positions in newspaper and magazine offices until they get out of their narrow environment.

I have been told that the country newspaper affords an excellent opportunity for women in journalism. Here they can own their own paper, either a county or weekly paper with a circulation of 2500 to 8000, or a small town daily with a circulation of 5000. The men who have been governing county newspapers have bought them for political reasons, in order to say all they wanted to about their enemies. Women have a more unselfish point of view and would make the papers a real influence and power. Only those who own papers have power in the newspaper world, as the reporter must report what is called for, and the editorial writer must carry out the policy of the owner and publisher.

The Newer Demands for College Women. EMILIE J. HUTCHINSON, MANAGER OF THE INTERCOLLEGIATE BUREAU OF OCCUPATIONS, NEW YORK CITY.

I am going to try to give you a kind of aëroplane view of a great many different things that are being demanded of college women to-day. There are certain things that are very characteristic of the present situation. In the first place there is great restlessness, not only among college girls who have not chosen a vocation, but among women who already hold positions. They feel that now is the psychological moment to change. We find in the second place that salaries as a whole have gone up. Women are already engaged in something like 260 different occupations, so it would be very difficult to find any absolutely new occupation for women. I shall speak chiefly of the fields in which there is the greatest demand at the present time.

The call for stenographers and typrewriters has been the most conspicuous, so far as numbers are concerned. In the different departments in Washington they have asked for stenographers, not by tens, twenties, and fifties, but by hundreds. But I think we have come to the place where clerical work, stenography, and typewriting for the college woman have gone just about far enough. A great many of these stenographic positions lead to nothing else, if the girl is really a good stenographer, for she is kept as a stenographer. If she does not make good as a stenographer, it rather damages her reputation for any thing else. Women have a much better chance of rising to executive positions by going into manufacturing enterprises, business houses, or department stores, and learning the business from the foundation. In addition to the stenographic group there is what is known as the clerical group. After a month's course in a filing school women may become filing clerks, or they may even obtain pesitions with no other experience than a college education, especially if they have majored in mathematics.

Another unusual demand for college women has been in translating. Women who have a knowledge of French, German, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Norwegian, or any of the modern

languages, can obtain positions without difficulty in the censorship department, where they decode the cables and letters that come through this office.

Then there has been a tremendous demand in the field of science, especially in chemistry and physics. We have filled many positions in industrial plants, and there are various government positions where a knowledge of these subjects is required.

There are many demands for women who can offer mathematics plus economics, to do statistical work. One woman who had this combination is making an investigation to determine how many more telephones might be installed than are in use at the present time. To this end she is making a study of the incomes of people in the United States. There has been a great call for investigators in industrial plants at work on government contracts. Here two or three years' experience in some sort of social work is valuable.

The Liberty Loan campaigns, the food conservation movement, and other movements of a similar nature, which depend for their educational work upon speeches and upon special articles, have created a great demand for the publicity worker., Another position which has come into prominence recently is that of employment manager.

There is going to be an increasing demand for women who have had medical training, and an effort is being made to appeal to college girls to give their time to this training if possible. Apart from the regular military needs, there has been an unusual call for nurses to do social work that has been suffering for lack of trained nurses. At Vassar College they are offering a course this summer which, it is hoped, will reduce the ordinary period of training to two years for college women.

Another remarkable opportunity for women is presented by the scarcity of labor in the agricultural field, an opportunity which is connected with a very great necessity from the standpoint of the military situation. The Land Army of America, which has recently been organized, is planning to get together agricultural units in every state of the Union and send them out to work on the farms.

We have received many requests for policewomen in connection with the abnormal situation that we find near the military camps and in many industrial centers. Here girls are drifting about from one place to another as strangers, and very little provision is made for their safety. In a big city like New York there are between 30,000 and 40,000 soldiers every day, most of whom have never been there before, and whenever you have a person, man or woman, cut loose from home ties, you are going to find more or less departure from social regularities. We are recognizing slowly, but more or less steadily, that it is a woman's job to look after young girls, and young boys too.

War conditions have given especial prominence to occupational therapy. It has been discovered in the last ten years that one of the best ways of helping a person who is mentally disturbed is to get him interested in doing some particular thing. About 35% of the wounded men who are permanently disabled have to be reeducated, and already courses in occupational therapy are being introduced at Columbia.

Among the positions open to any one who can qualify under civil service rules we find most conspicuous that of draftsman, and those who have had training in mathematics and mechanical drawing are urged to fit themselves for this work. How many women do you suppose could qualify as inspector in a munition factory? Yet the government is asking for women as well as men for inspectors of rifles and small arms. Another unusual examination now open to women is that for finger-print classifier. The best way to obtain the training for this position is to go to work with a finger-print expert. The government is also calling for deputy ship commissioners to conduct employment offices for sailors, keeping a registry of sailors and furnishing them to captains. There are other positions as inspectors of waybills on railroads. It is really the time of great opportunity for the women who want to do any thing and every thing.

These fields which I have indicated may be called representative and typical, but the list is by no means exhausted. The opportunity can hardly be adequately described. I think that if one should put the emphasis upon any thing to-day, it should be upon training rather than opportunity. The opportunity will

take care of itself. We have organized at the intercollegiate bureau a separate department of information to assemble and give out information, and scores of girls come to us over the weekend, not looking for positions, but asking what positions there are, and how they shall train for them.

Opportunities in a Department Store.

MISS JOSEPHINE SUTTON OF WILLIAM FILENE'S SONS COMPANY, BOSTON.

A department store offers young women the squarest kind of a deal. Here women can obtain larger salaries at shorter notice than in almost any other calling. The managers recognize that they need women in their employ to select the things that appeal most to women and to induce them to come and buy, and accordingly they are willing to pay part of their profits to women. Another reason why a department store is interesting is that it offers so many different kinds of possibilities. It combines advertising, secretarial work, educational work, library work, buying and selling, and employment management. If one department does not appeal to you, you can go into another, as the management of a firm is always very liberal in shifting you about. Not long ago I read a document that contained the history of all the people in the firm who had been there over five years. Some who began at $4 a week are making $100 now. If these people, most of whom did not have the advantages of a college education, can start in as stock-keepers or stenographers and come up within a period of ten years to positions where they command a number of people and where their influence in their department, is considerable, there is no limit to what you can do with four years of good college training behind you.

In secretarial work the opportunities are varied. You may be secretary to the employment manager or you may hold a position in the publicity or merchandise departments. It is possible in this way to learn the details of the office and then step into some executive position.