Vol. XXXVIII JUNE, 1918 No. 10 A MONTHLY MAGAZINE DEVOTED TO THE SCIENCE, ART, PHILOSOPHY AND LITERATURE OF EDUCATION FRANK HERBERT PALMER, A. M., EDITOR Official Organ of The Sixth Annual Conference on Rural Education at the State Normal School, Worcester, Mass. CONTENTS Address of Welcome. Making Citizenship Training Effective. 733 The Lesson of the Obligation of Citizenship. Albert Bushnell Hart. 740 Purposes, Sources and Methods in the Teaching of Citizenship. 755 The Part of Normal Schools in the Training of the New Citizenship. 767 Foreign versus American Ideals of Citizenship. Arthur Gordon Webster. 772 The Man, the Citizen and the Community. Thomas Mott Osborne. 775 American Notes-Editorial. 792 Book Reviews. 796 BOSTON Published by THE PALMER COMPANY, 120 Boylston Street LONDON, B. C.: WM. DAWSON & SONS, Ltd., CANNON HOUSE, BREAMS BUILDINGS Price 35 Cents $3.00 a Year was so favorably impressed by Henry Lincoln Clapp's PUPIL SELF-GOVERNMENT that he immediately sent us an order for sixty copies of that Such incidents, which are not uncommon, show the This magazine will aid you in the great work in which "EDUCATION" enters its 39th year and Volume with $3.00 a year; 35 cents a number; Sample, 15 cents. THE PALMER COMPANY, 120 Boylston St, Boston, Mass. YOU NEED THESE BOOKS Boys and Girls of Many Lands By INEZ N. MCFEE. 8vo., 16 Illus., $1.25 net Press Notices "Written in conversational, even chatty tones, and so simple are the descriptions that even the youngest will find enjoyment in the pen pictures of their fellows whom they may never see."-N. Y. Post. "Especially adapted to school use."-Journal of Education. "The stories are not too long and told in a story form. They may be read by the children or read to them with great satisfaction."-Congregationalist. The Book of Holidays By J. WALKER MCSPADDEN, author of "Opera Synopses," etc. 8vo., 16 Illus., $1.25 net "What is a holiday for? mean? What is their origin? Press Notices What are our American holidays? What do they "The writer has carefully sought for the origin of the holiday and encourages a proper observance of the occasion. To him, a date such as sacred memories call to mind, should be observed by something more than mere play. We commend the book for its information and the finer ideal of holiday observance which it holds out."-Sentinel. THOMAS Y. CROWELL COMPANY New York City Devoted to the Science, Art, Philosophy ana Literature of Education VOL. XXXVIII. JUNE, 1918 No. 10 Sixth Annual Conference on Rural Education HELD AT THE STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, WORCESTER, MASS., MARCH 15, 1918. THEME: TEACHING THE DUTIES OF CITIZENSHIP IN THE RURAL SCHOOLS. "Men, my brothers, men the workers, ever reaping something new; That which they have done but earnest of the things that they shall do." "Not in vain the distant beacons. Forward, forward let us range; Let the great world spin forever down the ringing grooves of change." Address of Welcome Making Citizenship Training Effective WILLIAM B. ASPINWALL, PRINCIPAL, STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, WORCESTER, MASS. T THE subject chosen for consideration at this conference has been selected because of its appropriateness to the critical times in which we live at the present day. It is expected that the discussion of the theme will assist teachers and school authorities to gain a clearer understanding of the opportunities and possibilities of training for the duties of citizenship, and in consequence, to carry on more effectively the spirit and intention of the law of the Commonwealth providing for this training.* It is, therefore, the timeli *Chapter 169, Resolves of 1917: An Act to Provide for Training in the Duties of Citizenship in the Public Schools. ness of the subject that is particularly to be emphasized to all who are charged with the development of the pupils in school into good citizens of the future. There has never been a time when it has been easier to appeal to students to strive for higher civic ideals, never a time when it has been more natural and more necessary to stress the serious and the vital aspects of American citizenship. The conception now most apparent and most worth while in the minds of all thinking people is that based upon training in all those activities by which the individual may contribute to the social and community conduct and responsibility. This is a day of national awakening, when the spirit of the country is aroused to a truer realization of the great patriotic opportunity of a people newly united in promoting and protecting social welfare. Dr. G. Stanley Hall has recently said the world has seen a marvelous development of science in all lines during the last two generations, an extension of scientific knowledge which in these latter days has turned its achievements chiefly to the discovery and invention of means to break down rather than to upbuild civilization, to destroy instead of to conserve life. In the face of these conditions, what guarantee have we, then, he asks, that the future use of this wonderful knowledge of science and its possibilities shall be turned, as it should be turned, to the promotion of social welfare instead of to the continual disintegration of civilization and the destruction of man's most treasured possessions of happiness and safety. The answer is, of course, evident with a moment's reflection, that there is no guarantee unless there is maintained in the world a high standard of character, unless the application of our scientific knowledge is made upon a basis of true moral principles, upon a firm foundation of good citizenship. It is peculiarly fitting, therefore, to strive to stimulate the efforts of our schools to instill in every future citizen a just idea of the privileges, duties and responsibilities of that citizenship which he must assume. The appeal is thus made to the teacher to include in this training all forms of activity, both in the school and in the community, which may be utilized to inculcate good civic habits and to provide instruction in the needful duties of good citizenshin. Although not a little has been done in this direction, this is the most opportune time to devise ways and means of utilizing every possible resource to accomplish still greater results. An inquiry sent to one hundred schools located in the vicinity of this city has brought to us the following facts of direct interest in this connection: TRAINING FOR CITIZENSHIP IN ONE HUNDRED MASSACHUSETTS SCHOOLS. One hundred per cent of these schools, having 3,382 pupils raise and salute the flag daily; 74 per cent carry on citizenship-training by means of duties in school; 52 per cent by means of duties outside of school; 43 per cent in the form of direct lessons; 13 per cent through demonstrations, such as elections, school councils and student government; and 74 per cent provide regularly for some kind of training in the duties of citizenship. Forms of Training for Citizenship. 90 per cent. care of school buildings and grounds. 83 per cent.-good health 82 per cent.-loyalty to 23 per cent.-by Parent- 20 per cent.-by talks, 34 per cent.-by collec tion of money. 69 per cent.goodwill 17 per cent.-by com. among all classes. 52 per cent.-school and community co-operation. 33 per cent.-performance of definite duties. munity campaigns. 7 per cent.-by other means. 5 per cent.-made surgical dressings. 27 per cent.-did other things. We believe, in common with many other thoughtful persons, that the actual experience of an activity is after all the best, if not the final condition of gaining the ability to perform it. It is the experience of liberty that makes men capable of being free, and in the same way, it must be seen that only by living and experiencing the actual activities of good citizenship can a person develop effectively into a good citizen. It is desirable, therefore, to consider, with this end in view, the activities of the school and to discover how they may be utilized for this kind of training. Re |