ALONZO B. GARRETT, who, in point of service, holds the distinction of being one of the older consuls accredited to Latin America, was born in Lavalette, West Virginia, January 20, 1847. His present residence, however, is Shoals, West Virginia. Mr. Garrett attended the public schools of his native State and Kentucky, and later entered the Eclectic Medical Institute, of Cincinnati, Ohio. At the outbreak of the Civil War, he enlisted in the Forty-fifth Kentucky Volunteer Infantry, serving as drummer boy and later as corporal. At the end of his enlistment, Mr. Garrett spent three years teaching schools in Kentucky and West Virginia. In 1873 he began the practice of medicine in Ohio and continued in his profession there for 15 years, when

he returned to his home State. Here he was honored with a seat in the State Senate of West Virginia, during 1897-1900. Upon his retirement, Mr. Garrett was appointed to the position of United States consul at Nuevo Laredo, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico, as a result of an examination. He accepted the post in 1901, and is still proving himself an efficient incumbent.

LOUIS HOSTETTER, the present occupant of the United States consulate at Hermosillo, has been the incumbent of that post since 1905. Born in the city of New York, August

14, 1859, he attended the grammar and high schools of his native city and then the College of the City of New York. In the fall of 1876 Mr. Hostetter went to New Mexico, where he engaged in the manufacturing and general merchandise business. After a residence in New Mexico of over a quarter of a century, he again changed his abode to Omaha, Nebraska, and continued in the manufacturing business until 1905, when, as a result of an examination, he accepted. an appointment as United States consul to his present post at Hermosillo, Mexico.

PHILIP E. HOLLAND, the present consular representative of the United States at Saltillo, was born in Murray, Calloway County, Kentucky, August 26, 1877. He later removed to Jackson, Tennes

PHILIP E. HOLLAND,

(Harris-Ewing photo.)

see, of which place he is now a legal resident. Mr. Holland received his elementary education in the public schools and then attended McFerrin College, Martin, Tennessee, for two years. He left this institution to teach school for a year and returned to complete his education at the Southwestern Baptist University. Here he spent three years, and in 1902 was graduated from the law department of the university. For eight years Mr. Holland enjoyed an active practice in his chosen profession before the courts of Tennessee, and on March 7, 1910, was tendered the post of consul at Puerto Plata, as a result of an examination. Of this important port in the

Dominican Republic, Mr. Holland was the able incumbent until August, 1911, when he was transferred to the consulate at Saltillo, State of Coahuila, Mexico.

BOOK NOTES

The Columbus Memorial Library has been the fortunate recipient of many books issued lately from the publishing houses of the Republics of Latin America. It is worthy of remark that the great majority of these books are well printed, that they bear the stamp of careful, well-trained editorial supervision, and that every indication, from the mechanical make-up of the books themselves, and especially from the subject matter presented to the reader on the printed page, points to the great intellectual vigor characterizing the reading public which these books are intended to reach.

Trabajos del Cuerpo de Ingenieros (Report of the Corps of Engineers appointed to Prepare Data for a Physical and Political Map of Venezuela). Imprenta Bolívar, Caracas, 1911. Small quarto, 483 pages, with cover envelope containing drawings and photographs.

The book is quite technical, and numerous pages are given to mathematical formulæ and computations or measurements of one kind and another. It is thoroughly scientific on that account, and should prove a mine of information to the student. Its purpose is in accordance with a Government decree of June 14, 1909, by which it was planned to prepare a map of Venezuela, on a scale of 1 to 1,000,000, in celebration of the one-hundredth anniversary of the declaration of independence in 1911. The map, when completed, will to all practical intents correspond with the map of the world projected by the International Geographic Congress at its meeting in 1908.

El Táchira físico, politico é ilustrado (The State of Tachira, Venezuela, in its Physical, Economical, Industrial, Social, and Political Aspects). By Emilio Constantino Guerrero. Tipografía Herrera Irigoyen & Ca., Caracas. Octavo, 306 pages. Price, 5 Bolivares ($1).

This is a careful descriptive analysis of one of the richest but least known States of Venezuela, and contains an abundance of just that information which adds so much to the resources of the student who is seeking knowledge prepared at first hand. The author is a resident of the State, and has devoted years to the collection of his material. He has chapters on the early history of the region; on the aboriginal inhabitants; on the geography and other physical conditions; the cities, towns, roads; agricultural, mineral, and other products of the land; on the social characteristics of the present inhabitants; and finally there is a descriptive chapter devoted to each district of the State.

Saneamiento de la Ciudad de Caracas (Sanitation of the city of Caracas). By Dr. L. Razetti. An analysis of sanitary and hygienic conditions, presented to the First Venezuelan Medical Congress, held in the city of Caracas, July 24, 1911. Octavo, 80 pages. Caracas, Tipografia Americana, 1911.

Dr. Razetti is one of the most distinguished members of the medical profession in the Republic of Venezuela, and is in fact recognized far outside his own country for his scholarly attainments and for his authoritative attitude on the great problems of national hygiene. He was a delegate to the Fourth International Sanitary Conference in Costa Rica (1910), and occupies positions of high rank in Venezuela. While the author's criticisms are sometimes severe, they are given to lay a groundwork for radical and permanent improvement. No essential for drainage, pure water, fresh air, healthy climate, and abundant food supply, is lacking in the city itself or its environs. Actions along modern lines will readily make Caracas one of the finest and most beautiful cities of the western world.

El Clamor de un Pueblo (A Popular Outery). Economic studies on public questions in Venezuela. Federico Salas. Volume I. Duodecimo, 124 pages. Maracaibo, Imprenta Moderna, 1911.

This booklet attacks certain traditional misconceptions of government, and applies the principles of modern economy to Venezuela. It is but the beginning of a series of essays on industrial and social reforms which the author hopes to help introduce into his country. The value for the foreign reader lies in the many instances of fact about agricultural and other conditions within Venezuela, and the several specific instances he gives of farm and day labor there.

Genealogía de la Familia del Liberatador. Simón Bolívar (Genealogy of the Family of the Liberator, Simon Bolivar). By Felipe Francia. Duodecimo, 30 pages and 1 plate of the family tree. Caracas, Tipografía Emprenta El Cojo, 1911.

As the year 1911 was the centenary of the signing of the declaration of independence of Venezuela, it was fitting that such research as is embodied in this volume should be made for publication at that time. Trustworthy records are at hand by which the family of Bolívar can be traced in Venezuela, through the city of Santo Domingo in what was once called the island of Espanola, a part of which is now the Dominican Republic, and back to the place known as Bolívar, near the village of Marquina Vizcaya in (the Basque Provinces) Spain. The records go back with accuracy as far as some years before 1570. The first Bolívar was not necessarily the first member of the noble family from which he sprang, but as it was a custom at that time for a son to assume a name for himself if so minded, the name Bolívar originated in this manner. The genealogy is quite complete, and is supplemented by another of the mother of the liberator.

El Panteon Nacional (The National Pantheon). In Caracas, Venezuela. Octavo, 30 pages with a photograph of the building. Tipografía Emprenta El Cojo, Caracas, 1911.

The Pantheon in Caracas is of itself one of the most attractive and interesting of the public buildings in that beautiful city, but since it became the repository for the remains of national heroes, it has an additional value to the visitor and historian. This pamphlet, therefore, prepared for the centenary of Venezuela's independence, is a timely account of the structure which was originally the Church of La Santísima Trinidad of Caracas, and contains a list of the heroes (56) of the struggle for independence and of other celebrated citizens (32) who are buried there. A short description of the monuments within the Pantheon is also given. The church was designated as the National Pantheon at the time when it received the remains of Bolívar (1876).

La Cooperación de Mexico en la Independencia de Centro America (The Cooperation of Mexico in the Independence of Central America). With particular reference to the activity of Gen. Vicente Filisola. Octavo, 340 pages. Mexico, Librería de la Viuda de Ch. Bouret, 1911. Price 75 cents gold.

Under the able editorship of Sr. Genaro García, this series of documents, all being exact transcriptions of original manuscripts dealing with the history of Mexico, has reached its thirty-sixth volume, and Sr. García, in a modest preface, expresses the fear that he may not be able to continue their publication, as the support extended him and his work may not justify further financial outlay. It is a great regret that such a misfortune is possible. This series is so valuable that its discontinuance will surely be a loss to the world of letters in general, and, particularly, to such students as are giving particular attention to Mexico. Begun in 1905 with the first volume containing hitherto unedited correspondence relating to the conspiracy of 1860, the volumes have followed one after the other until this last publication, dealing (as did the preceding number) in an intimate way with the forces at work between Central America and Mexico during the early years of independence. There has been no consecutiveness intended in these volumes, for they appeared as often as the originals could be

prepared for the press; they can not be uninterruptedly read, for they make no claim to have in themselves literary charm, proportion or purpose. In fact, they are not history, they are the raw material from which history is written, but for that very reason they are of inestimable value. That statement is true even to-day, but when another generation or so has passed, when original documents, faded now, may have become indecipherable by time and so have forever escaped man's investigation, it may well be intensified. Sr. García ought to be encouraged to continue his scholarly work, for if these "Documentos para la Historia de Mexico" cease, much of what is precious in the annals of the country may be sacrificed.

Desde el Llano (From the Open). A narrative by Nicolás Augusto Gonzalez. Guatemala, Tipografía Sánchez & de Guise. Octavo, 68 pages.

While the subject matter is of rather local than general interest, dealing as it does with political questions relating to the Republic of Guatemala and other countries of Latin-America, yet as the title, the plain truth, implies, there is much of value in this little book for the student of contemporary affairs. One complaint made by the author is well justified. He states that even the trivial happenings of Europe receive detailed descriptions in the newspapers of to-day, but that great movements in LatinAmerica are ignored, or only the so-called revolutions noticed, no effort being devoted, as a rule, to an impartial analysis of their causes.

La République d'Haïti. Telle qu'elle est (The Republic of Haiti). With chapters on its history, geography, ethnography, politics, administration, agriculture, fauna and flora, economy, means of communication, mines, and additional matter on the people and their customs. By Sténio Vincent, Government commissioner from Haiti to the International Exposition at Brussels. With 73 illustrations, 5 color plates and a map. Octavo, 366 pages. Bruxelles, Société Anonyme Belge d'Imprimerie, 1910.

Information, in any systematic form, about this interesting island of Haiti, for such was the Indian designation of the whole island discovered by Columbus in 1492, has not been easy to obtain. This large and well edited book supplies that lack, and offers to the investigator a résumé of facts about the Republic of Haiti which will always be useful. The compilation was finished late in 1910, in response to the desires expressed by many visitors to the pretty Haitian pavilion at the Brussels exposition, and to meet, as the author himself says, the ignorance shown by not a few of these visitors concerning general and specific conditions in the Republic. It undoubtedly has received the authoritative support of the Government, and the tables scattered throughout the book may be therefore taken as practically official.

Quelques Renseignements sur la République Argentine (Some notes on the Argentine Republic). By Dr. Daniel Antokoletz. Octavo, 142 pages. Buenos Aires, Imprenta Juan A. Alsina. 1911.

An immense collection of facts is given in this publication in French, most of them taken directly from official sources, and all of reference value. While the tables and compilations are accessible in Spanish, English, and other books, one series of tables, giving on pages 63 to 88, the scale of wages current two months (July and August, 1910) is so exact and clear that special attention should be called to it.

Der Neger in den Vereinigten Staaten von Nordamerica (The Negro in the United States). By Moritz Schanz. Octavo, 133 pages. Essen, G. D. Baedeker, publisher, 1911.

The author has restricted himself in this volume to a discussion of conditions in the United States alone, so that the interest in the problem is narrowed to that area. As he mentions, however, that of the 24,000,000 negroes in all America 10,000,000 are in the United States, he must believe that the remaining 14,000,000 are in the rest of the Hemisphere. It would be worth his while to prove it.

3048-Bull. 3-11-9