with two beds in it; or when two beds only were BICOCCO, a village of Italy, in the late Italian (1.) * BICORNE. BICORNOUS. adj. [bicorhis, (2.) BICORNE Os, or two-horned bone, in ana- BICORNES, an order of plants in the frag the Weft Indies, where he greatly diftinguifhed (1.) BINCKINGTON, a village in Devonshire, N. of Afhburton. (2.) BINCKINGTON-ABBOTS, a village in Deton- (3.) BINCKINGTON, HIGH, a town E. of Tor- BICKLETON, a village in Herefordshire, near BICKLEY, 4 English villages; viz. 1. in Che- BICKMARSH, a village in Warwickshire, near BICKNALL, a town in Staffordshire, 4 miles S. BICKNALLER, a village in Somerfetfhire, near Stoke-Gomer. (1) BICKNORE, a town in Kent, between (2) BICKNORE-ENGLISH, a town in Gloucef- 5 from Monmouth. (3) BICKNORE-WELCH, a town in Monmouth BICKTON, 4 villages, viz. 1. in Cornwall, near mouth: 4. in ditto, W. of Shrew!bury. (1.) BICORNIS, in anatomy, an extenfor muf (2.) BICORNIS POLLICIS MANUS, the proper * BICORNOUS. See BICORNE, N° t. BICORPORAL SIGNS, ? BICORPOREA SIGNA, from biss and corpus, BICUIBA, in botany, the name of an Indian *To BID. v. a. pret. I bid, bad, bade, I have bid, Carfe on the tongue that bids this general joy. along, And bade his willows learn the moving fong. Popes intereft a fhare in friendthip, is to fell it by the inch Our bans thrice bia! and for our wedding day away. BICLINIUM, in Roman antiquity, a chamber 5. To pronounce; to declare.-Divers as we paf- VOL. III. PART II, ed by them, put their arms a little abroad; which How, Didius, fhall a Roman, fore repuls'd, 3. To denounce.— The captive cannibal, oppreft with chains, Yet braves his foes, reviles, provokes, difdains; Of nature fierce, untameable, and proud, He bids defiance to the gaping crowd, And spent at laft, and fpeechlefs as he lies, With fiery glances mocks their rage and dies. Granville. 7. To pray. See BEAD-If there come any unto you, and bring not this doctrine, receive im not into your houfe, neither bid him God fpeed. John-When they defired him to tarry longer with them, he confented not, but bade them farewel. Acts xviii. 21. 8. To bid beads is to diftinguifh each bead by a prayer. By fome haycock, or fome thadow thorn, He bids his beads both even fong and morn. Dryden. BIDACHE, a town of France, in the department of the Lower Pyrenees, feated on the river Bidoufe, 12 miles E. of Bayonne. Lon. 11. 9. W. Lat. 43. 31. N. BIDAL. See next article. BIDALE. n. . from bid and ale.] An invitation of friends to drink at a poor man's houfe, and there to contribute charity. Dia. BIDALD1, or an ancient kind of foot foldiers BIDARII, mentioned by the French hiftorians, armed with two darts. Hence, the original of the word, which feems to be a corruption bidardi, or à binis dardis. They are alfo called BIDAUS, BIDEAUX, BIDAUTS, and PITAUTS. BIDASOA, BIDDASSOA, or VIDASSO, a confiderable river of Spain, which rifes in the Pyrenees, and falls into the Bay of Biscay, between Anday and Fontarabia. This river was long a bone of contention between France and Spain, but is now common to both nations. The duties paid by thofe paffing from France to Spain belong to the latter, and by thofe who pafs the contrary way to the former. a feast of the family. Bacon.-Madam, the bidd BIDDENORE, a large diftrict of the Myfore country, which was allotted to the Mahrattas a ter the late reduction of that country by the Bri tifh. (1.) BIDDER, a river of S. Wales, in Cardi ganfhire. * (2.) BIDDER. n. . [from To bid.] One who offers or propofes a price.-He looked upon feve ral drefles which hung there, exposed to the pur chase of the best bidder. Addison. BIDDIFORD, or BEDIFORD, a town of De vonshire, feated on the river Toridge, over which there is a fine ftone bridge with 24 arches. It is a large and populous place, and carries on a confiderable trade. It is 16 miles S. by W. of Ilfra. comb, 203 of London, and 30 from Exeter. It has a market on Tuesday, and fairs Feb. 14, July 18, and Nov. 13. Lon. 4. 10. W. Lat. 51.10. N. (1.) BIDDING. n.f. [from bid.] Command; order.-- * How, fay'ft thou, that Macduff denies his perfon At our great bidding? Shakespeare's Macbeth, At his fecond bidding, darkness fled, Light fhone, and order from diforder fprung. Milton. (2.) BIDDING is alfo ufed for proclaiming or notifying. In this fenfe we meet with bidding of the bands, the fame with what is otherwife called afking. (3.) BIDDING, or OFFERING, denotes the rifing price of a thing at a fale or auction. The French call it encherir. It anfwers to what the Romans called licitari; they ufed to bid by holding up the hand or finger. (4.) BIDDING OF THE BEADS. See BEADS, § 6. (5.) BIDDING PRAYER. It was a part of the office of the deacons in the primitive Chriftian church, to be monitors and directors of the people in their public devotions in the church. To this BIDAUTS, or BIDAUS. See BIDALDI. end they made ufe of certain known forms of words, BIDBOROUGH, a town in Kent, E. of Pen- to give notice when each part of the fervice be fherft. BIDDANORE. See BEDNORE. (1.) BIDDEFORD, a port of entry, and poft town of the district of Maine; fituated in York county, at the mouth of Saco river. It contains but few houfes, which are compactly built. It carries on a small trade. The exports in 1794, amounted to 17,011 dollars. It is 105 miles from Bofton, and 452 from Philadelphia. (2.) BIDDEFORD. See BIDDIFORD. (1.) BIDDEN, a town in Berks, near Ifley. (2.) * BIDDEN. part. paff. [from To bid.] 1. Invited. There were two of our company bidden to gan. This was called by the Greeks ngurtin, and by the Latins prædicare: which therefore do not ordinarily fignify to preach, as fome suppose, but to perform the office of a crier (eneve, or praco) in the affembly: whence Synefius and others call the deacons gone, the holy criers of the church, appointed to bid or exhort the congregation to pray and join in the feveral parts of the fervice of the church. Agreeable to this ancient practice is the form Let us pray, repeated before several of the prayers in the English liturgy. BIDDLE, John, one of the moft eminent Eng lith writers among the Socinians, was born at Wot ton under Edge in Gloucestershire, and educate in the free school of that place. Being a hopeful youth, he was taken notice of; particularly by Lord George Berkeley, who allowed him an exhibition of L. 10 a-year. He applied diligently to his ftudies; and was, while at the fchool, author of a tranflation, of Virgil's Bucolics, and of the two firit Satires of Juvenal. He continued at school till he was 13 years of age; and having manifefted at that early period, a fingular piety and contempt of fecular affairs, he was fent to the university of Oxford, and entered a ftudent in Magdalen hail. In 1641, the magiftrates of Gloucefter chofe him mafter of the free fchool of that city; and he was much efteemed: but contracting some opinious concerning the Trinity, different from thofe commonly received, and expreffing his thoughts with too much freedom, he fuffered various perfecutions and imprisonments, in the time of the commonwealth. During one of the confine ments, which lafted for feveral years, being reduced to great indigence, he was employed by Roger Daniel of London to correct the impreffion of the Greek Septuagint Bible, which that printer was about to publish with great accuracy. In 1651, the parliament publifhed a general act of oblivion, which reftored him to his full liberty. He was afterwards imprifoned on account of his tenets; and at laft the Protector banished him for life to St Mary's caftie in the ifle of Scilly, and fent him thither in October 1655. Soon after, he was allowed 100 crowns a-year for fubfiftence. In 168, he was fet at full liberty. After the reftoration of K. Charles II. he was fined in L. 100 and each of his hearers in L. 20 to lie in prifon till paid; which being put in execution, the want of fresh air and exercise made him contract a disease of which he died 22d Sept. 1662, in the 47th year of his age. His life was published in Latin in 1682, by Mr Farrington, who reprefents him as poffef. fed of extraordinary piety, charity, and humility. He would not difcourfe of thofe points, in which he differed from others, with thofe that did not appear religious according to their knowledge; and was a ftrict obferver himself, and a fevere exacter in others, of reverence in speaking of God and Chrift. He had fo happy a memory, that he retained word for word the whole New Teftament, not only in English, but in Greek, as far as the 4th chapter of the revelations of St John. BIDDULPH, a village in Staffordshire, near Cheshire. (1.) * To BIDE. v. a. [bidan, Saxon.] To endure; to fuffer: commonly to abide. Poor naked wretches, wherefoe'er you are, That bide the pelting of this pitiless form. Shakespeare, (2.) To BIDE. V. n. 1. To dwell; to live; to inhabit. All knees to thee fhall bow, of them that bide In heav'n or earth, or under earth in hell. Milt. 2. To remid in a place. Safe in a ditch he bides, With twenty trenched gashes on his head; The least a death to nature. Shakesp. Macbeth. 3. To continue in a state.-And they alfo, if they bide not ftill in unbelief, fhall be graffed in. Romans, xi. 23. 4. It has probably all the fignifications of the word abide; which fee; but it being grown fomewhat obfolete, the examples of its various meanings are not eafly found. BIDEAUX. See BIDALDI. (1.) BIDENS. See BIDENTALES. (2.) BIDENS, in botany, WATER HEMP-AGRIMONY: A genus of the polygamia æqualis order, belonging to the fyngenefia clafs of plants; and in the natural method ranking under the 49th order, Compofitæ oppofitifolie. The receptacle is palcaceous; the pappus has erect fcabrous awns; and the calyx is imbricated. Of this genus Linnæus enumerates 13 fpecies; but none of them appear to merit much notice, except the BIDENS TRIPARTITA, frequently found by the fides of rivulets, ditches, and lakes, both in Scotland and England. It grows to the height of two feet; and has its leaves divided into three or often five, lanceolate ferrated lobes, with yellow flowers, which are fucceeded by flattifh angular feeds, having two beards arifing from the angles, which are hooked or barked downwards; and generally they have another thorter beard arifing from the middle of the back of the feed. "As this plant (fays Mr Lightfoot, in his Flora Scotica) is found by a chemical analysis to poffefs much the fame qualities as the celebrated VERBESMA ACMELA, a plant belonging to a genus very near related to this, it is probable it would have the fame good effects in expelling the ftone and gravel. A decoction of this plant with alum, dyes yarn of a yellow colour. The yarn must be first steeped in alum water, then dried and steeped in a decoction of the plant, and afterwards boiled in the decoction. The feeds have been known fometimes to deftroy the cyprinus auratus, or gold fiíh, by adhering to their gills and jaws. (1.) * BIDENTAL, adj. [bidens, Lat.] Having two teeth.-Ill management of forks is not to be helped when they are only bidental. Savift. (2.) BIDENTAL, n. f. in Roman antiquity, a place blafted with lightning which was immediately confecrated by an harufpex, with the facrifice of a bidens. This place was afterwards accounted facred, and it was unlawful to enter it or to tread upon it; for which reafon it was commonly furrounded with a ditch, wall, hedge, ropes, &c. See next article. BIDENTALES, in Roman antiquity, priefts inftituted to perform certain ceremonies when thunder fell on any place. Their principal office was the facrificing a theep of two years old, which in Latin is called BIDENS; from whence the place ftruck with thunder got the name of bidental. BIDENTES, in middle age writers, denotes two yearlings, or sheep of the 2d year. The wool of thefe bidentes, or two-years-old fheep, being the first sheering was fometimes claimed as a beriot to the king, on the death of an abbot. Among the ancient Romans, the word was extended further to any forts of beafts ufed for victims, efpecially thofe of that age: whence we meet with fues bidentes. BIDESDEN, a village in Wiltshire, near Luggerfhall. BIDESTON, a town near Chippenham, Wilts. BIDET, a nag or little horfe, formerly allowed each trooper and dragoon, for his baggage, &c. Bidets are grown into difufe, on account of the expence Kkkka (2.) BIEL. See BIENNA. expences, and the diforders frequently arifing from thofe who attended on them, &c. BIDIÆI, an order of magiftrates at Sparta, 5 in number, whofe bufinefs was to fuperintend the FPHEBI, and be prefent at their exercises, wreftJings, &c. *BIDING. 2. f. [from bide.] Residence; habita. tion. At Antwerp has my conftant biding been. Roque. BIDIS, in ancient geography, a fmall city of Sicily, near Syracufe, whofe ruins are fill to be feen in the territory of Syracufe, about 15 miles to the SW. with a church called S. Giovanni di Bidini. 'BIDLESDEN, a town near Brackley, Bucks. BIDLESTON, a town in Herefordshire. BIDLESWORTH, a village in Norfolk, between Thetford and Herling. fex. BIDLINGTON, a town near Bramber, Suf BIDLOO, Godfrey, author of feveral treatifes in anatomy, was born at Amfterdam, March 12, 1649. In 1688, he was profeffor of anatomy at the Hague; and in 1694, at Leyden; when K. William III. of England appointed him his phyfician; which he would not accept, but on condition of holding his profefforihip, which was readily granted him. He published in Latin, 1. The Anatomy of the human Body, demonstrated in rog cuts, explained by the difcoveries of the ancient and modern writers. 2. An Oration upon the Antiquity of Anatomy. 3. A Letter to Anthony Leewenhoeck on the animals fometimes found in the liver of fheep and other animals. Two Decades of Differtations in Anatomy and Chirurgery; and other pieces. He died at Leyden, in April 1713. 4. BIDON, a liquid measure, containing about 5 pints of Paris, that is, about 5 quarts English wine measure. It is feldom ufed but among hips crews. BIDQUSE, a river of France, in the department of the Lower Pyrenees. BIDREAP, an old feudal service, by which a tenant was obliged to reap his landlord's corn. BIDSTON, a town in Chefhire, between Hyle Jake and the river Merfey. (1.) BIF, Adrian DE, an eminent painter, was born at Liere in 1594. After learning the rudiments of the art from different mafters, he travelled to Rome, where he spent 6 years in fudying the works of the best matters. His industry was then rewarded with proportionable fuccefs; for he found encouragement among the most honourable perfous at Rome, and in every part of Italy through which he travelled, from perfons of the first diftinction. His penciling was fo exceedingly neat, and his touch and colouring fo very delicate, that he was frequently employed to paint on jaipar, agate, prophry, and other precious materials. (2.) BIE. See BEF, N° V. BIEEZ, a town of Poland, in the Palatinate of Cracovia, remarkable for its mines of vitriol. It is feated on the river Weicloke. Lon. 2. 21. E. Lat. 49. 50. N. (1.) BIEL, a river of Scotland in Haddingtonire, which, after pafling Whittingham, Beild, Melton and W. Barns, falls into the Frith of Forth + (1.) BIELA, a province of Ruffia. (2.) BIELA, a town of Piedmont in Italy, and capital of the Bellefe near the river Cerva. Le 8. 3. E. Lat. 45. 22. N. (3) BIELA, a town of Ruffia, capital of the province (N° 1.) feated on the river Opfchaw. Lon. 34. 55. E. Lat. 55. o. N. (4.) BIELA, or BIALA, a river of Poland, which falls into the Narew. (1.) BIELA-OSERO, a duchy of Ruffia. (2.) BIELA-OSERO, a lake of Ruffia. (3.) BIELA-OSERO, or BELOZERO, the capital of the duchy (N° 1.) and fituated on the lake (N° 2.) at the mouth of the Confa. Lon. 39. 15. E Lat. 58. 55. N. BIELD. See BEILD. BIELFIELD, a town of Weftphalia, capital ci the county of Ravensberg. The linen made and bleached here is much efteemed. It is 17 miles N. of Lipstadt. Lon. 8. 30. E. Lat. 51. 53. N. (1.) BIELOGOROD, a city of Kuttia, the ca pital of the province, (N° 2.) feated on the river Donez. It is the fee of an archbishop. Entrend ments are thrown up between it and the towns of Starci, Ofkol, Nowoi, and Werchofofnizy, (2) BIL LOGOROD, a p ovince of Little Ruffia, inhabited by the Coflacks. BIELSCZ, A large town of Little Poland, BIELSK, or in the palatinate of Polachia, BIELSKI,feated on the river Biela, 62 miles S. of Gronod. It is built of wood. The Jews carry on a confiderable trade in it. Lon. 14. 15. E. Lat. 3. 10. N. BJELŠKOI, a town of Ruffia, in the province of Smolenfko; and 80 miles NE. of the city. Lon. 35. 15. E. Lat. 56. 40. N. (1) BIENNA, a lake of Switzerland. (2) BIENNA, or BIEL, a town of Switzerland, BIENNE,feated on the lake (N° 1. at the foot of mount Jura; 7 miles NW. of BertiThe inhabitants are Proteftants,, and in allir with thofe of Bern, Soleure, and Friburg. Lov. 7. 14. E. Lat. 47. 11. N. (1.) * BIENNIAL. adj. [liennis, Lat. Of the continuance of two years.-Then why fhoul fome be very long lived, others only annual or biennial? Ray on the Creation. (2.) BIENNIAL PLANTS; plants that are only of two years duration. Numerous plants are of this tribe, which being raifed one year from feed, gr nerally attain perfection either the fame, or in a bout the period of a twelvemonth, or a little les or more, and the following fpring or fummer thoot up ftaiks, flower, and periect feeds: foen after which they commonly perith; or if any par ticular fort furvive another year, they alone a dwindling and fraggling growth, and gradual die off; fo that biennials are always in the pri the firft er fecond fummer. Biennials corlift both of efculents and flower plants. Of the cfculent kinds, the tabbage, favey, carrot, parinip, bet, onion, leck, &c. are biennials. Or the rowery tribe, the Canterbury bell, French honey fuck wall-flower, flock July-flower, fweet-william, China pink, common pink, matted pink, carration, feabious, helly-hock, tree mallow, vervain mar low, tree primrofe, hencfty, or mecnwort, & are 4 BIFID LEAF, in botany, a leaf cloven into two parts. BIFLOROUS, adj. having two flowers. * BIFOLD. adj. [from binus, Lat. and fold.] Twofold; double. are all of the biennial tribe; all of which being fown in March, April, or May, rife the fame year, and in fpring following fhoot up into ftalks, Hower; and perfect feeds in autumn; after which moft of them dwindle: though fometimes the wall-flowers, holly-hocks, carnations and pinks, will furvive and flower the following year; but the plants become ftraggling, the flowers fmall and badly coloured; it is therefore eligible to raise a fupply annually from feed; although wall-flowers, carnations, and pinks, may be continued by flips and layers. BIENWALD. See BEWALD. (1.) BIER. n.f. [from To bear, as feretrum, in Latin, from fero.] A carriage, or frame of wood, on which the dead are carried to the grave. They bore him barefaced on the bier, And on his graye rain'd many a tear. Shakefp. -Make as if you hanged yourfelf, they will convey your body out of prifon in a bier. Arbuthnot. (2.) BIER is more particularly used for that whereon the bodies of faints are placed in the church to reft, and expofed to the veneration of the devout. This is alfo called, in middle-age writers, ledus, feretrum, leica, d loculus; and was ufually enriched with gold, filver, and precious ftones, which was the caufe that the bier of St Benedict was pillaged, and all its ornaments carried off. (3.) BIERS, among the ancient Romans, were different according to the rank of the deceafed. That wherein the poorer fort were carried, was called fandapila; that ufed for the richer fort, ledica, Leica funebris, fometimes lectus. The former was only a fort of wooden cheft, vilis arca, which was burnt with the body; the latter was enriched and gilded for pomp. It was carried bare, or uncovered, when the perfon died a natural and eafy death; when he was much diffigured or diftorted, it was veiled or covered o " * BIFARIOUS. adj. [bifarius, Lat.] Twofold; what may be understood two ways. Di&. BIFERÆ, plants that flower twice a year, in fpring and autumn, as is common between the tropics. BIFEROUS. adj. [biferens, Lat.] Bearing fruit twice a-year. BIFFA, in middle age writers, a machine for cafting ftones and darts, having a moveable counterpoife, which turned round its yard. adj. [bifidus, Lat. a botanical BIFIDATED. term.] Divided into two; plit in two; opening with a cleft. * BIFID. If beauty have a foul, this is not the; This is not the; O madnefs of difcourfe! That caufe fets up with and against thyself! Bifold authority. Shakefp. Trolius and Creffida., *BIFORMED. adj. [biformis, Lat] Compounded of two forms, or bodies. BIFOROUS, adj. Having two doors. (r.) BIFRONS, a double-fronted, or two-faced perfon. (2.) BIFRONS, a town in Kent, near Barham Downs. (3.) BIFRONS, in ancient mythology, an appeilation of Janus, who was reprefented with two faces, as being fuppofed to look both backwards and forwards, to time paft and future; though other reafons for it are recited by Plutarch. Sometimes he was painted with 4 faces, and ftiled qu drifons, as governing the 4 feasons. * BIFURCATED. adj. [from binus, two, and furca, a fork, Lat.] Shooting out, by a divifion, into heads.-A finall white piece, bifurcated, or branching into two, and finely reticulated all over. Woodward. * BIFURCATION. n. f. [from binus and furca, Lat.] Divifion into two; opening into 2 partsThe first catachreftical and far derived fimilitude, it holds with man; that is, in a bifurcation, or divifion of the root into two parts. Brown. *BIG. adj. (This word is of uncertain, or unknown etymology; Junius derives it from GayaC; Skinner from bug, which, in Danih, fignifies the belly.] 1. Great in bulk; large. Both in addition and division, either of space or duration, when the idea under confideration becomes very big, or very fmall, its precife bulk becomes obfcure and confufed. Locke.-A troubled ocean, to a man who fails in it, is, I think, the biggest object that. he can fee in motion. Spelator. 2. Teeming; pregnant; great with young: with the particle with.-A bear big with young hath feldom been |