is bilocular; and the feeds have membranous wings. Of this genus Linnæus enumerates 17 fpecies; of which the following are the most remarkable:

I. BIGONIA CATALPA, a native of Carolina, Virginia, and the Bahama iflands. It has a ftrong woody ftem and branches, rifing 20 feet high, ornamented with large heart-fhaped leaves, 5 or 6 inches long, and almoft as broad, placed by threes, with whitish yellow striped flowers coming out in panicles towards the end of the branches. This deferves a place in all curious fhrubberies, as during the fummer feafon no tree makes a more beautiful appearance: for which reason it should be placed confpicuously; or fome might be planted fingly upon fpacious lawns or other large open grafs ground, and permitted to take their natural growth.

2. BIGNONIA CAPREOLATA, or tendril bignonia, a native of North America, is another fine climber, which rifes by the afliftance of tendrils or clafpers. The leaves grow at the joints oppofite by pairs, though thofe which appear at the bottom frequently come out fingly. They are of an oblong figure, and continue on the plant all winter. The flowers are produced in Auguft from the wings of the leaves; they are of the fame nature, and of a fhape nearly of the former; are large, of a yellow colour, and fucceeded by fhort pods.

3. BIGNONIA RADICANS, the climbing afh-leaved bignonia, is a native of Virginia and Canada. It rifes 30 or 40 feet high, having pinnated oppofite leaves of 4 pair of ferrated lobes, and an odd one: all the fhoots and branches being terminated by beautiful clusters of large trumpet-shaped fear let flowers. The humming birds delight to feed on thefe flowers, and by thrufting themfelves too far into them are fometimes caught. Of this fpecies there is a variety with fmaller flowers.

4. BIGNONIA SEMPERVIRENS, or evergreen climbing Virginian bignonia, is a native of Virginia, Carolina, and the Bahama iflands. The ftalks are more flender than thofe of the radicans; (N3.) yet they rife, upon proper fupports, to the height of 20 or 30 feet; the flowers are trumpet-fhaped, erect, and of a yellow colour, proceeding from the fides and ends of the ftalks and branches.

5. BIGNONIA UNGUIS, the claw-bignonia, a deciduous climber, is a native of Barbadoes and the other Weft India iflands. It rifes by the help of claw-like tendrills, the branches being very flender and weak; aud by these it will overtop bufhes, trees, &c. 20 or 35 feet high. The branches, however, fhow their natural tendency to afpire, for they wind about every thing that is near them: fo that, together with the afliftance nature has given them of tendrils, it is no wonder they arrive at fo great an height. Thefe branches, or rather italks, have a fingoth furface, are often of a reddifh, colour, particularly next the fun, and are very tough. The tendrils grow from the joints; they are bowed, and are divided into 3 parts. The leaves grow in pairs at the joints, and are 4 in number at each. Thefe are of in oblong figure, have their edges entire, and are of an elegant green colour: their under funface is much paler than their upper; and their fotftalks, midrib, and

veins, alter to a fine purple. The flowers ar monopetalous and bell-shaped. The tube is very large, and the rim is divided and spreads open. They grow from the wings of the leaves in Auguft, two ufually at each joint; and they are fucceeded in the countries where they grow naturally by long pods.

(II) BIGNONIE, CULTURE OF THE. Of the climbers: 1. If the fhoots are laid upon the ground, and covered with a little mould, they will imme diately ftrike root, and become good plants for fetting out where they are wanted. 2. They will all grow by cuttings. The bottom part of the strongest young shoots is the best; and by this method plenty may be foon raised. 3. They may be raised by feeds; but this is a tedious method, efpecially of the pinnated-leav'd forts; for it will be many years before the plants raifed from feeds will blow. As to the catalpa, whoever has the conveniency of a bark bed may propagate it in plenty, 1. By cuttings; which being planted in pots, and plunged into the beds in the fpring, will foon ftrike root, and may afterwards be to hardened to the open air, that they may be fet a broad in the fhade before the end of fummer: in the beginning of October, they should be remo ved into a green-house, or under fome fhelter to be protected from the winter's froft. In the fpring, after the bad weather is past, they may be turned out of the pots, and planted in the nuifery-way, in a well theltered place; and if the foil be rich and rather moist, it will be the better. Here they may ftand for 4 or 5 years, the rows being dug in winter and weeded in fummer, when they will be of a proper fize to be planted out to stand. There cuttings will often grow in a rich, fhady, moit, border. 2. From feed; which must be procured from America, and thould be fown in a fine warm border of light rich mould, or elfe in pots or box. es; the feedling plants requiring more than a com

mon care.

BIGNORE. See BIGMORE.

BIGOIS, a nymph who is faid to have written a book in the Tufcan language, concerning the Art of interpreting Lightnings. This book was kept at Rome, in the temple of Apollo, with o thers of a fimilar nature. Servius in Æneid. 1. vi.

2. 72.

BIGORNEAU, in natural hiftory, a name given by Bellonius to that genus of cochlea, called the femi-circular mouthed, or femi-lunar kind, including the NERITA.

BIGORRE, a ci-devant county of France, in Gafcony, which now forms the department of the Upper Pyrenees. It was bounded on the E. by the valley of Aure, the vifcounty of Neboutfa, Riviere Verdun and Pardiac; by Bearn on the W. on the S. by the valleys of Brotou and Penticoufe in Arragon; and on the N. by the county of Riviere-Bas. It is 40 miles long from N. to S. and 30 in breadth from E. to W. It is divided into 3 parts, the mountains, the plains, and the Rattan The mountains are inclofed between thofe of the valley of Aure on the E. those of Arragon on the S. and of Bearn on the W. This pat contains two principal valleys, Lavedan and Barege. The valley of Bigorre is of ar oval form, and has the hills of Ruftan on the E. The re

markable

markable towns are Tarbes the capital, Bagnores, Lourd, &e. The mountains are a barrier between France and Spain, and there are 4 different palages which the inhabitants are obliged to guard. Bigorre yields marble, jafper, ftone, and flate: there are also mines of feveral forts, but They are not worked. The rivers are the Adour, the Elches, the Arrofet, and the Gave of Lavedan; there are alfo 3 lakes.

* BIGOT. n. f. [The etymology of this word is unknown; but it is fuppofed, by Camden and others, to take its rife from fome occational phrafe.] A man devoted to a certain party: preudiced in favour of certain opinions; a blind zeatot. It is ufed often with to before the object of zeal; as, a bigot to the Cartefian tenets.-

Religious fpite, and pious fpleen bred first This quarrel, which fo long the bigotsmurft. Tate. --In philofophy and religion, the bigots of all parties are generally the most politive. Watts.

(2.) BIGOT may be farther defined, a perfon obitinately and perverfely wedded to fome opition or practice, particularly of a religious na ture. Camden, perhaps, has hit upon the true origin of the word. He relates, that when Rollo, Duke of Normandy, received Gifla, the daughter of Charles the Foolish, in marriage, together with the investiture of that dukedom, he would not fubmit to kifs Charles's foot: and when his friends urged him by all means to comply with that ceremony, he made anfwer in the English tongue, NE SE BY God, i. e. Not fo by God. Upon which, the king and his courtiers deriding him, and corruptly repeating his anfwer, called him bigot; from whence the Normans were called, bigodi, or bigots.

(3.) BIGOT, in Italian bigontia, is ufed to denote a Venetian liquid meafure, containing the fourth part of an amphora, or half the boot.

(4.) BIGOT, Emeric, the fon of John Bigot, Sieur de Sommeuil, one of the most learned, and most honeft men of the 17th century, was born at Roan, in 1626. His love of learning diverted him from public employments. He applied himfelf folely to the fciences, and greatly increafed the magnificent library left by his father. He had weekly assembly of literati at his houfe, befides much correfpondence with thofe abroad. M. Menage and Nic. Heinfius were his most intimate friends. He tranflated Palladius's Life of St Chryfoftom from the Greek; concerning which a cutrious anecdote is recorded in the Hift. des Ouvrages des Scavans, for Feb. 1600, p. 267. "Mr Bigot's defign was to add the Epiltle" (from St Chryfoftom)" to Cefarius, which he had found in a library at Florence, to the Life-but itfappeared fo exprefs againft tranfubftantiation, that the examiners obliged him to fupprefs it." He was very modeft, and an enemy to controverfy. In fhort he is reprefented as one of the beft men in the world." He died at Roan, Dec. 28. 1689, aged 60.

66

(5.) Bigor, William, a learned French phyfician and philofopher, under Francis I, was born at Laval, in Maine, in 1502. He was unfortunate from his birth almoft: fourteen of his family died of the plague, of whom his nurfe was the laft. The neighbours being afraid to take care of him, he VOL. III. PART II.

was expofed under a hedge, by the fide of a great road. His own father found him in this fituation As he grew up his education was entrusted to pers fons who had neglected it, fo that he early plunged into debauchery. Falling into a ferape at Anta werp, he retired to the country, where he aca quired a relith for ftudy; and without the aflifts ance of any inftructors, made bimfelf master of Greek, Philofophy, Medicine, Aftronomy, and Aftrology, &c. He afterwards went to Gerna ny, and was admitted profeffor of philofophy at Tubingen. Quarrelling with the other profeniors he returned to France, and was patronifed by Meff. Du Bellai. He would have been promoted at the court of France, but had incurred the dif pleafore of fome perion in the cotindence of Francis I. The ftory, as told by Melanchton, is, that Catellan reprefented him to that monarch, as an Ariftotelian philofopher, and being asked by the king, what that was, replied "He is one who prefers commonwealths before monarchies?" Mr Bayie, however, is at great pains to refute this story as improbable. Be that as it may, Bigot accepted an invitation to the university of Nifines, where his zeal for its privileges raised him many new enemies. But while he went to Paris to get the matters in difpute settled, new misfortunes occurred in his domestic affars. In particular, his wife, already the mothor of two daughters, was detected in an amour with a musician, who met with the punishment of ABELARD, and cer tainly merited it much more. His enemies taking advantage of this piece of juft vengeance, got him apprehended and imprisoned, and even attempt ed to bring him to capital punishment. But though long confined, he got clear; though in the mean time his wife was carried off. He was the author of many works; particularly, 1. Chrifliane Philofophie præludium; 2. Somnium ad Gul. Bellaium, Mecenatem juum; 3. Carmen ad Jefums Chriflum: &c.

*BIGOTED. adj. [from bigot.] Blindly pres poffèfled in favour of fomething; irrationally zea lous: with to.

Bigoted to this idol, we difelaim

Reft, health, and eafe, for nothing but a name. Garth Prefbyterian merit, during the reign of that weak, bigoted and ill-advifed prince, will eafily be computed. Swift.

BIGOTISM. 7. f. See the next article.

(1.) * BIGOTRY. n.. ¡from bigat.] 1. Blind zeals prejudice; unreafonable warmth in favour of party or opinion: with the particle to.-Were it not for a bigotry to our own tenets, we could hardly imagine, that fo many abfurd, wicked, and bloody principles, thould pretend to fupport themfelves by the gospel. Watts. 2. The practice or tenct of a bigot. Our filence makes our adverfaries think we perfift in those bigotries, which all good and fenfible men defpite. Pope.

(2.) BIGOTRY, ought to be diftinguified from love to truth, which influences a man to embrace it wherever he finds it; and from an honeft zeal, which is an ardour of mind exciting the poffeffor to defend and propagate the principles he main tains. Bigotry is a kind of prejudice combined with a certain degree of malignity. It is moftly LIIT prevalent

or}

BIG-ROCK BRANCH, the Nefs-head branch of the Allegany. The branch called Big-hole Town, joins it, and forms the Allegany, 8 miles NE. from and above Venango Foot. BIGSWALD, or a place near Garmifton, in BIGSWELL, the county of Caithness, memorable for a battle between John E. of Caithness, and Sir James Sinclair, son of the E. of Oṛkney, on the 18th May, 1529; wherein the former was flain, with 500 of his followers, and the reft were taken prifoners. The battle was occafioned by the Earl attempting to feize Orkney, to which he had fome claim. The fact is ascertained by a paper ftill extant, under the hand of king James V. granting a respite for 19 years, to Edward, Magnus, John, William, and Olave Sinclairs, and their adherents, for the flaughter of the E. of Caithnefs. Stat. Acc. Vol. XIV. p. 135. *BIGSWOLN. adj. [from big and fwoln.] Turgid; ready to burst.

Might my big woln heart Vent all its griefs, and give a loofe to forrow. Addifon. BIGTHAN, one of king Ahafuerus's chamberlains, who confpired to murder him, Efth. ii. 21. BIG-UDDERED. adj. [from big and udder. Having large udders; having dugs fwelled with milk.

Now driv'n before him, through the arching rock, Came, tumbling heaps on heaps, th' unnumber'd flock,

Big-udder'dews, and goats of female kind. Popes BIHAEZ, a ftrong town of Hungary in Croatia, feated in an ifle formed by the river Anna. Lon. 16. 32. E. Lat. 44. 51. N.

BIJINÄGUR. See BISNAGUR.

BIJON, n. f. the rofm that oozes from fir trees in hot weather.

BIJONTRIE, n. f. [Fr.] jewels; gems. Ah. BIJORE, a province of Hindooftan Proper, ly. ing between the Indus and the Attock, bounded by Cabul on the W. the Bockhazian mountains on the N. Cashmere on the E. and Pieshore on the S. Its dimenfions do not exceed 50 miles by 20. In many parts it is wild and mountainous. Its inha bitants are a favage and turbulent race.

BIJUGOUS, adj. two leaved. See next article. BIJUGUM FOLIUM, in botany, denotes a winged leaf, bearing two pair of foliola.

BIKER, two English villages: viz. 1. in Lincolnshire, near Donnington: 2. in Northumberland, 1 mile E. of Newcastle.

BIL, in ichthyography, a name given in fome

*

BILANCIIS DEFERENDIS, a writ directed to a corporation, for the carrying of weights to fuch a haven, there to weigh the wool, which perfons by our ancient law were licensed to tranfport. BILAND ABBEY, in Yorkshire, near Ryedale. (1.) BILANDER. n. f. [belandre, Fr.] A fmall veffel of about eighty tons burden, ufed for the carriage of goods. It is a kind of hoy, manageable by four or five men, and has mafts and fails after the manner of a hoy. They are used chiefly in Holland, as being particularly fit for the ca nals. Savary. TrevouxLike bilanders to creep

Along the coaft, and land in view to keep. Dr. (2.) BILANDER, in navigation, a fmall mer chant fhip with two mafts, diftinguished from other veffels of the fame kind by the form of the main-fail. Few veffels are now rigged in the manner of bilanders; the name has been varioufly applied in different countries.

BILARIUS PORUS, the BILARY PORE, OF HE PATIC DUCT, a confiderable appendage of the liver, formed from the concurrence of a multitude of fmall ramifications fpringing from the glands of the liver, which unite into feveral trunks equal in magnitude to the branches of the hepatic arteries; and accompany them branch for branch through the whole fubftance of the liver; being wrapped up in the face capfula with the porta. See ANATOMY, $300.

(1.) BILATERAL, adj. having two fides. (2.) BILATERAL COGNATION, denotes kindred, on both fides; that of the father as well as mother.

* BILBERRY. n. f. [from bilig, Sax. a bladder, and berry; according to Skinner: vitis idea. A fmall flirub: and a fweet berry of that shrub; whortleberry.-

Cricket, to Wind for chimneys fhalt thou leap; There pinch the maids as blue as bilberries. Sbake!. BILBILIS, in ancient geography, a town of Hifpania Citerior, the birth-place of Martial; now fuppofed to be CALATAIND in Arragon.

BILBO. n. f. [corrupted from Bilboa, where the beft weapons are made.] A rapier; a fword.To be compafssed like a good bilbo, in the circumference of a peck, hilt to point, heel to head. Shakespeare.

(1.) BILBOA, a large, handfome, and rich town of Spain, the capital of Biscay, with a well frequented harbour. It is remarkable for the. wholesomeness of its air and the fertility of the foil about it. The inhabitants have always preferved themfelves from a mixture with the Jews and Moors; and therefore will admit no family to fettle among them but who can prove them. felves to be of Christian extraction, nor will they admit any flaves among them as in the other parts of Spain. Their exports are wool, and fwordblades, with some other manufa&ures of iron and fteel. The town is feated at the mouth of the ri ver lbaicabal. Lon. 4- 20. W. Lat. 43. 23. N. (2.) BILBOA,