111. A Denominate Number is one in which the unit is a measure; as, 2 feet, 3 bushels, 5 pounds, etc.

112. A Compound Denominate Number is a denominate number composed of two or more units of the same kind of measure; as, 5 ft. 6 in.; 3 bu. 2 pk. 1 qt., etc.

MEASURES.

113. Measures of Value.

Money is the measure of the value of things. kinds, Coin and Paper Money.

It is of two

I. United States Money.

TABLE.

10 mills (m.)
10 cents
10 dimes
10 dollars

1 cent, ct.
1 dime, d.
1 dollar, $
1 eagle, E.

The coins of the United States are-
Gold, the quarter-eagle, half-eagle, eagle, and double-eagle.
Silver, the dime, quarter-dollar, half-dollar, and dollar.
Nickel, the five-cent piece.
Bronze, the cent.

NOTE.—The coinage of gold dollars and three-dollar pieces and nickel three-cent pieces was suspended by an act of Congress Sept. 26, 1890.

II. English Money.

English Money is the currency of Great Britain. The unit is the pound, whose value is $4.8665.

12 pence

TABLE. 4 farthings (far.)

1 penny, d.

1 shilling, s. 20 shillings

1 pound, £ The following denominations are also used : 5 shillings

1 crown. 21 shillings

1 guinea. The pound when coined is called a sovereign.

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III. French Money.

The unit is the franc, whose value is 19.3 cents. The franc is divided into tenths and hundredths, called, respectively, decimes and centimes.

IV. German Money.

The unit is the mark (Reichsmark), whose value is 23.85 cents. The mark is divided into hundredths, called pfennige.

ORAL EXERCISES ON VALUE. 1. How many farthings in 6 pence? In 7 d.? In 10 d. ? 2. How many pence in 12 far.? In 16 far.? In 20 far. ?

3. How many pence in 1 shilling? In 4 s.? In 7 s.? In 10 s.? In 30 s.? In 40 s.?

4. How many shillings in 24 d.? In 36 d.? In 48 d.? In 56 d.? In 65 d.? In 84 d.?

5. How many shillings in £5? In £6? In £8? In £10? 6. How many pounds in 40 s.? In 60 s.? In 100 s.?

7. How many pence in 5 s. 6 d.? In 8 s. 4 d.? In 10 s. 10 d.? In 7 s. 6 d.? In 5 s. 7 d. ?

114. Measures of Weight.

I. Avoirdupois Weight is used in weighing everything except precious metals and jewels.

TABLE. 16 ounces (oz.)

1 pound,

lb. 100 pounds

1 hundred-weight, cwt. 20 hundred-weight

1 ton,

T. At the United States Custom House, and in weighing coal and iron at mines, the following weights are used : 112 pounds

1 long hundred-weight. 2240 pounds

1 long ton.

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II. Troy Weight is used in weighing precious metals.

24 grains (gr.)
20 pennyweights
12 ounces

TABLE.

1 pennyweight, pwt.
1

ounce,
1 pound, lb.

OZ.

III. Apothecaries? Weight is used in mixing medicines.

TABLE. 20 grains (gr.)

1 scruple, o 3 scruples

1 dram, 3 8 drams

1 ounce, 3 12 ounces

1 pound, Ib Medicines are bought by avoirdupois weight, and are mixed by apothecaries' weight.

A Troy pound
An apothecaries' pound
An avoirdupois pound

5760 grains.
5760 grains.
7000 grains.

ORAL EXERCISES ON WEIGHT.

How many

1. Ounces in 5 lb. Troy? In 5 lb. avoirdupois? 2. Pounds Troy in 96 oz. ? Pounds avoirdupois in 80 oz.? 3. Grains in 5 pwt.? In 8? In 4 pwt. ? 4. Ounces in 1 pound of sugar? In è pound of gold ? 5. What part of a pound avoirdupois are 4 oz.? 6. What part of a pound Troy are 8 oz.? 7. How many drams in 363? In 60 ? 8. How many grains in 2 lb. Troy? In 3 lb.? 9. How many grains in 2 lb. avoirdupois? In 4 lb. ? 10. How many pounds in į ton? In ton? 11. How many scruples in 8 3 and 27 ?

115. Measures of Length. I. Long Measure is used for measuring lengths or distances.

II. Surveyors' Linear Measure is used by engineers and surveyors in measuring distances.

The unit is a chain called Gunter's Chain, which is 4 rods, 66 feet, or 792 inches, long.

ORAL EXERCISES ON LENGTH.

1. How many inches in a yard? In 1 yd. ? In 4 yd.? In yd.? In i yd.?

2. How many feet in 10 yd. ? In 72 in. ? 3. How many chains in 3 mi.? In 5 mi. ? 4. How many yards in 36 ft.? In 90 ft. ? 5. How many rods in a mile? In 3 mi.? 6. How many links in a chain? In 5 ch.? 7. How many yards in a mile? In 3 mi.? 8. How many feet in a mile? In 10 mi. ? 9. How many rods in a chain ? In 5 ch.? 10. How many feet in a chain ? In 8 ch.?

116. Measures of Surface.

A Surface is that which has length and breadth only.

A Square is a plane surface which has four equal sides and four equal angles.

Square Measure is used in measuring surfaces.

TABLE.

144 square inches (sq. in.)
9
square

feet 302 square yards 160 square rods 640 acres

1 square foot, sq. ft.
1 square yard, sq. yd.
1 square rod, sq. rd.

A.
1 square mile, sq. mi.

1 acre,

A square rod is sometimes called a perch (P.). 40 sq. rd. -:1 rood (R.). 4 roods = 1 A. 10 square chains

1 A. 43560 sq. ft. = 1 A. 6 miles square = 1 township (Tp.).