3. Reduce 25.7 Km. to meters. Ans. 25700 m. 4. Reduce 43.4 m. to millimeters. 5. Reduce 65.3 Dm. to decimeters. 6. Reduce 84.25 Km. to centimeters. 7. Reduce 4823.6 meters to Hektometers. Ans. 48.236 Hm. 8. Reduce 36482.9 m. to Kilometers. Ans. 36,4829 Km. 9. Reduce 28526 mm. to meters and decimals. 10. Reduce 48639 cm. to meters and decimals. 11. Reduce 438.6 m. to millimeters. 12. Reduce 738.4 Dm. to centimeters. MEASURES OF SURFACE. 315. A Surface is that which has length and breadth only. 316. The Measuring Unit of Surfaces is a Square, each side of which is a Linear Unit. 317. A Square is a figure which has four equal sides and four equal angles, called right angles. 318. The sq. meter is used in measuring ordinary surfaces, as floors, ceilings, etc.; the ar and hektar in measuring land; and the sq. kilometer in measuring States and Territories. NOTE. The term ar is from the Latin area, a surface. 319. The approximate area of a sq. meter is 10 sq. ft., or 1 sq. yd., and of the hektar about 21 acres. 320. The scale of surface measure is 100 (10 × 10). That is, 100 units of a lower denomination make a unit of the next higher; hence, each denomination must have two places of figures. Sq. Centim. Thus, 23 Ha. 19 a. 25 ca., written as ars, is 2319.25 a., and may be read "2319 ars and 25 centars." If written as hektars, it is 23.1925 Ha., and may be read "23 hektars and 1925 centars." 1. Write 78.29 A. as centars, also as hektars. 2. Write 9 sq. m. as sq. dm. Write 7 sq. cm. as sq. mm. 3. In 3246 ca., how many ars? In 63.42 ars, how many Ha. ? 321. A Solid is that which has length, breadth, and thickness. NOTE.-The ster .2759 cord is seldom used. 322. The Measuring Unit of solids is a Cube, the edge of which is a Linear Unit. 323. A Cube is a regular solid bounded by six equal squares called its faces. Hence, its length, breadth, and thickness are equal. A Cubic Centimeter is a cube, each side of which is a square centimeter. Cu. Cm. 324. The cubic meter is used in measuring ordinary solids, as timber, excavations, embankments, etc. When applied to fire-wood, it is sometimes called a Ster, and is equal to about 35 cubic feet. NOTE. The cubic decimeter when used as a unit of dry or liquid measure is called a Liter. 325. The units of cubic measure increase by the scale of 1000 (10 × 10 × 10); hence, each denomination must have three places of figures. 1. Express 6000 cu. mm. as cu. centimeters. 2. Express 8000 cu. dm. as cubic meters. 3. Express 86.005 cu. dm. as cu. meters; as cu. cm. 4. Write 0.6235 cu. m. as cu. dm.; as cu. cm. 5. In 862 cu. dm., how many cu. meters? In 250 cu. m. how many cubic decimeters? MEASURES OF CAPACITY. 326. The Liter is the principal unit of Dry and Liquid Measure, and is equal in volume to a cubic decimeter. 327. The Centiliter is a little less than gill, and is used for measuring liquids in small quantities. The Liter is used in measuring milk, wine, and small fruits, and is about equal to a quart. The Hektoliter is used in measur ing grain and liquids in casks, and is equal to about 26 gal., or 24 bushels. 1. Express 8.53 1. as centiliters. As deciliters. 2. Express 4.640 kiloliters as liters. As hektoliters. 3. How many deciliters in 8 liters? In 9.35 liters? 4. How many liters in 6.358 centiliters? In 800 cl.? 5. In 8500 liters how many kiloliters? How many Hl.? WEIGHT. 328. The Gram is the principal unit of weight, and is equal to a cubic centimeter of distilled water at its greatest density, viz., at 4° Centigrade, or 39.2° Fahrenheit. |