330. The Kilogram, (often called kilo) is used in weighing common articles; as sugar, tea, butter, etc.

The Metric ton is used in weighing heavy articles; as hay, coal, etc.

NOTES.-1. The kilo is equal to 21 lbs., nearly; the metric ton about 2200 pounds.

2. The nickel 5-cent piece weighs 5 grams. The silver dollar 12 grams. The silver dime weighs 2 grams. The silver dollar 6 grams. 3. The weight of a letter for single postage must not exceed 15 grams, or 3 nickels.

1. Express 6.354 g. as decigrams. 2. Write 5834 mg. as dg.

As cg.

As centigrams.
As grams.

3. How many grams in 78.45 Dg.? How many Kg.?

4. How many kilos in 3.54 T.? How many Dg.? 5. Express 1 g. in the decimal part of a kilo.

6. Express a kilo in the decimal part of a ton.

7. Express 2.0005 T. as grams.

331. To Add, Subtract, Multiply, and Divide Metric numbers.

Apply the corresponding rules of decimals or U. S. money. (Art. 279.)

1. What is the sum of 45.68 Dm., 63.4 Hm., and 6845 cm.?

SOLUTION.-Writing the numbers as meters and decimals of a meter, the principal unit of the table, and adding, we have 6865.25 meters.

456.8 m.

6340.0
68.45

Ans. 6865.25 m.

2. Find the sum of 24.35 m., 6.425 m., 32.7 m., and 42.26 m. 3. What is the difference between 8.5 kilograms and 976 grams?

4. From 1 hektoliter of oil, 36 liters were drawn out; how many liters remained?

5. How much silk is there in 12 pieces, each containing 48.75 meters?

6. It is 285 meters around my garden; how many Km. shall I walk in a week by going twice around it every day?

7. At $6.50 a meter, what will 37 meters of silk cost? 8. What cost 24 meters of fringe, at $2.25 a meter?

9. How many cloaks, each containing 5.68 meters, can be made from 426 meters of cloth?

SOLUTION.-426 m. ÷ 5.68 m. 75 cloaks, Ans.

10. If a car goes 160 Km. in 6 hours, how far does it go in 1 hour?

11. How many Km. in 85.72 m. multiplied by 2036 ?

12. If the price of 1 liter of milk is 6 cents, what cost 75 liters? 13. At 12 cents a liter, what cost 4.5 liters blackberries? 14. If 1 hektoliter of wheat costs $3.50, what will 234 hektoliters cost?

15. A man paid $281.75 for 245 hektoliters of oats; what was the price of 1 hektoliter?

16. What cost 46.25 kilos of butter, at $0.50 per kilo?

17. At $1.28 per kilo, what will 82.5 kilos of tea come to? 18. At $16 a ton, what will the coal cost to supply a factory a week, if 25 kilos are burned each day?

19. If 735 kilos of flour are distributed among 35 persons, how many kilos will each person receive ?*

332. The contents of Rectangular Surfaces are found by multiplying the length by the breadth.

20. A garden is 18 meters long and 12.5 meters wide; how many square meters does it contain ?

SOLUTION.-The product of 18 x 12.5 = 225 sq. m., Ans.

21. How many sq. meters in a blackboard 2.5 meters long and 1.2 meters wide?

22. If a room is 8.4 meters long and 4.5 meters wide, how many square meters of carpeting will it take to cover the floor? 23. How many sq. meters of flagging in a side-walk 35.5 meters long, and 2.4 meters wide?

*For reducing Metric to common Weights and Measures, etc., see Art. 405.

24. How many centars in a piece of land 45 meters long, and 23.2 meters wide?

333. The contents of Rectangular Solids are found by multiplying the length, breadth, and thickness together.

25: How many cu. meters of earth in a mound whose length, breadth, and height are each 6.4 meters.

SOLUTION.-6.4 × 6.4 × 6.4 =262.144 cu. meters, Ans.

26. How many cu. meters of earth must be removed in digging a cellar 23.4 meters long, 15.2 m. wide, and 2.4 m. deep?

27. How many loads of earth each equal to a cu. meter, will it take to fill an excavation 4 dekameters long, 8 meters wide, and 2.4 meters deep?

28. At $1.45 a cu. meter, what will be the cost of digging a trench 2 dekameters long, 2 meters wide, and 1.5 meters deep? 29. At $2.50 a ster, what is the cost of a pile of wood 3 meters long, 1.5 m. wide, and 1.1 m. high?

30. What is the value of a nugget of gold 2.6 cm. long, 2.3 cm. wide, and 0.65 cm. thick, at $15.40 a cu. centimeter?

QUESTIONS.

300. What are Metric weights and measures? 301. What is the Base? 304. How are the names of the higher denominations formed? 305. The lower? 306. Repeat the table of measures of length. 307. What is the standard unit of length? For what used? 308. The kilometer? 311. How read metric numbers? 313. How write them? 314. How reduce metric numbers from higher to lower denominations? From lower to higher? 317. Repeat the table of measures of surface. 318. For what is the square meter used? The sq. kilometer? The ar and hektar?

321. Repeat the measures of solids. 324. For what is the cu, meter used? When called a ster? 326. Repeat the table of measures of capac ity. 327. For what is the liter used? The hektoliter?

328. Repeat the table of weight.

329. For what is the gram used?

330. The kilogram? The metric ton? 331. How are metric numbers added, subtracted, etc.?

COMPOUND

N

UMBERS.

DEFINITIONS.

334. A Simple Number is one which expresses one or more units of the same name or denomination; as five, 4 feet, etc.

335. A Compound Number expresses units of two or more denominations of the same kind, which increase and decrease by varying scales; as, 3 yards 2 feet 4 inches. But 2 feet and 4 pounds is not a compound number, for the units are unlike.

NOTE.-Compound Numbers are often called Denominate Numbers. The term denomination is a name given to the different units of weights and measures.

LINEAR MEASURE.

336. A Measure is a standard unit established by law or custom, by which the length, surface, capacity, and weight of things are estimated.

337. Linear Measure is used in measuring lines and dis、 tances.

338. A Line is that which has length only.

339. The Standard Unit of length is the Yard, which is

used in measuring cloths, laces, ribbons, etc. (Art. 900, App.)

ORAL EXERCISES.

340. 1. Draw a line 4 inches long. A foot. A yard.

5. How many feet in 7 yards? In 15 yds.? In 20 yds.? 6. In 120 inches how many feet? How many yards? 7. How many feet in 4 rods? In 5 rods?

341. Square Measure is used in measuring surfaces; as, flooring, land, etc.

342. A Surface is that which has length and breadth only.

343. An Angle is the opening between

two lines which meet at a point, as BAC.

The Lines AB and AC are called the sides; and the Point A, at which they meet, the Vertex of the angle.

344. When two straight lines meet so as to make the two adjacent angles equal, the lines are Perpendicular to each other, and the two angles thus formed are called Right Angles; as, ABC, ABD.

345. A Square is a rectilinear figure which has four equal sides, and four right angles.

346. The measuring unit of surfaces is a Square, each side of which is a linear unit.

347. The Area of a figure is the quantity of surface it contains.

A

C

Angle

B

Perpendicular

Rightangle

D