"That the whole corps of Marshal Ney, consisting of twelve regiments of infantry, and four regiments of horse, shall not quit the city of Ulm, and its environs at the distance of ten leagues, before the 25th of October at midnight, the period when the capitulation is to expire. The whole Austrian army shall defile tomorrow, at three o'clock in the afternoon, before the Emperor of the French, with all the honors of war; they shall lay down their arms, and the officers, who shall keep their arms, shall receive passports to go by the two roads of Kempton to Austria, and of Bregenz, to the Tyrol.

"Done in duplicate at Elchengen, the 19th of October, 1805, (27 Vendemiare, year 14.)

(Signed)

"MARSHAL BERTHIER.

"LIEUTENANT-GENERAL MACK."

On October 20, the Emperor of France ascended the heights near Ulm, when the Austrian army, agreeable to the above capitulation, defiled before him. The capitulation entered into at Trotzelfingen, alluded to by Marshal Berthier, between General Werneck, and General Belliard; and the capitulation concluded between the Austrian and French Generals at Bottingen, were of a similar humiliating nature with that concluded at Ulm.

The Archduke Ferdinand, whose campaign had been disastrous, when informed of General Werneck's surrender, marched into the territcries of his Prussian Majesty, toward Nuremberg, on the road to which place he was followed by Murat, who having come up with him, an action took place, near Farth, on October 29; here the fortune of war was in favor of the French, the Austrians were defeated with the loss of one thousand five hundred waggons, fifty pieces of cannon, and sixteen thousand men. Thus terminated, most brilliantly for France, a series of actions and exploits, which filled all Europe with astonishment, and impressed the greatest consternation on the allied powers.

Napoleon had now passed the rubicon; when the Austrian Generals were defiling before him, he thus addressed them:

I

"Gentlemen, your master carries on an unjust war. tell you plainly I know not for what I am fighting. I know not what can be required of me. It is not in this army alone that my resources consist; though were this the case, I should still be able to make head with it; but, I shall appeal to the testimony of your own prisoners of war, who will speedily pass through France; they will observe with their own eyes the spirit which animates my people, and with what eagerness thy flock to my standards. At a single word two hundred thousand volunteers crowd to my standard, and in six weeks become good soldiers; whereas your recruits only march from compulsion, and do not become good soldiers till after several years. I would give my brother, the Emperor of Germany, one further piece of advice-let him hasten to make peace. There is a crisis when, he must recollect, all states must have an end. The idea of the approaching extinction of the dynasty of Lorraine, must impress him with terror. I desire nothing upon the continent. I want ships, colonies, and commerce; and it is as much your interest as mine that I should have them."

The Emperor then issued the following address to his victorious army:

"Soldiers of the Grand Army,

"In fifteen days we have made a campaign. What we proposed to ourselves has been accomplished. We have driven the troops of the house of Austria from Bavaria, and established our ally in the sovereignty of his estates. The army, which with so much ostentation came upon our frontiers, is now destroyed. But of what importance is this to England? Her end is fulfilled. We are no longer at Boulogne, and her subsidy will neither be more nor less. Of one hundred thousand men which composed this army, sixty thousand are prisoners. They will go and replace our conscripts in the labour of our fields. Two hundred pieces of artillery, all the park; ninety stand of colours, and all the Generals, are in our power. There has not escaped from this army more than five thousand men.

"Soldiers, I had announced to you a great battle; but, thanks to the bad combinations of the enemy, I

have been able to procure the same advantages without running any hazard; and, what is without example in the history of nations, we obtained these great results with the loss of only one thousand five hundred men hors de combat. Soldiers, this success is owing to your unbounded confidence in your Emperor, to your patience in bearing fatigues and privations of every kind, and your rare intrepidity. But we do not rest here. You are impatient to commence a second campaign. The Russian army, which the gold of England has transported from the extremity of the universe, is about to experience the same fate. This attack more especially belongs to the honor of the infantry. The question is now put for the second time, which has already been decided in Switzerland and Holland, Whether the French infantry is the first, or the second in Europe? There are no Generals there in the conflict, with whom I can acquire any glory, My effort will be to obtain victory with the smallest possible effusion of blood. My sol diers are my children.

"NAPOLEON."

No General knew better how to grant rewards to his soldiers, of every rank, than Napoleon. His liberal encouragement of the military has ever been a tower of strength to him. After thus recapitulating to his army the great successes it had obtained, he published a decree to the following purport;

1. Possession will be taken of all the Austrian estates in Suabia; the war contributions, and those in ordinary, shall be for the profit of the army; all magazines, whether of artillery, or of subsistence, shall be also to its profit,

2. All particular contributions, and all effects drawn from the magazines, shall be restored to the general mass. No persons shall profit from the right of war, so as to injure the general mass of the army,

3. A Treasurer, and a Director-general shall be appointed, to report to an army council of administration, the contributions which have been raised.

4. Every man shall have a share according to his rank and appointments.

VOL. II.-24.

5. The payments shall issue with exactness, from the Imperial treasury.

NAPOLEON.

From the narration of the important events of the campaign in Germany, we shall now turn our attention to those in Italy, where two Generals of profound military science, and tried valour, headed the rival armies.

“When Greek meets Greek, then is the tug of war." The Archduke Charles, and Massena, were the opposing chiefs.

CHAP. IV.

Campaign and Military Transactions in Italy.

MASSENA was judiciously selected to command the French army in Italy; for, exclusive of his profound knowledge of military tactics, he was an Italian by birth. He had acquired the full confidence of the Emperor, in consequence of many brilliant exploits he had achieved. On the other hand, the fame of the Archduke Charles, and that fame most nobly acquired in the field of Mars, was known throughout the habitable globe. No wonder that more than common curiosity was excited with respect to the movements of two Generals whose talents were so highly appreciated.

The Austrian government well knowing the vast importance of defending the fortified passes of the Tyrol, had posted a large body of troops, under the command of the Archduke John, for that purpose; and also with a wise precautionary view of precluding the communication which might take place between the French armies in Germany, and those on the Venetian territories.

The British government also, ever true to its stipulations, never deceiving, but too often deceived, had sent large body of troops to co-operate with the Russians

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in making an incursion in Italy, to favor the movements of the Archduke Charles.

Prior to the opening of the campaign, Massena addressed the following proclamation to his troops:

"Soldiers of the Army of Italy,

"His Majesty the Emperor has appointed me your commander in chief. It is gratifying to behold my former companions, and to find in them those sentiments of attachment and devotion to their duty. These are, and ever will be my sentiments; the language of which I am penetrated with a full persuasion my soldiers will ever be ready to act upon. If his Majesty should order the signal to be given for battle, you will be ever ready at the post of duty.

"Soldiers, bear in mind that you are on an ensanguined plain, rendered ever illustrious by the victories of the Emperor; where, at every step you take, you meet traces of his magnanimity and genius. I am appointed by his Majesty to preside over you, in lieu of a Ge neral distinguished by his services, and called upon other

service.

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Soldiers, wherever his Majesty shall place us, let us justify his choice; and let us have but one thing in our thoughts, our country and our Emperor:'

Massena, on the 17th of October, made a grand effort for passing of the Adige. His army consisted of ninety thousand men; while that of the Austrian army amounted to little more than seventy thousand. The Archduke Charles had posted his army on the opposite bank of the Adige, near Verona. On the following day Massena advanced to the bridge of Verona, he proposed to make one of those grand manœuvres which he was so eminent for, but the energy of the enemy's force set all opposition at defiance, and a French body of troops soon swam across the stream, while others were conveyed on rafts and planks. General Gardanne now commenced a spirited attack upon the Austrians, who were overpowered by the resistless force of the enemy; the sanguinary conflict ended with a dreadful defeat of the Imperial army, the loss of which on this occasion amounted to twelve hundred men killed and fourteen hundred taken prisoners; seven pieces of